When did China start drinking tea? Everyone has a different opinion. But generally speaking, it can be said that it began in the Han Dynasty and prevailed in the Tang Dynasty. Before the Tang Dynasty, drinking tea, Lu Yu's tea classic volume "Drink of Six Teas" was a general statement, saying: "Tea is a kind of drink, which originated from Shennong and was heard in Duke Zhou of Lu. Yan Ying in Qi, Han You, Jin You, Liu Kun, Zhang Zai, Yuan Zunan, Xie An and Zuo Si all drink. " But many of them are not historical facts. It is a historical fact, and it is not easy to understand without appearances.
"Tea Classic" says: Shennong's book "Tea is long-lasting, strong and pleasing" (Liu Yuanchang's Tea History, Volume 1). Lu Yu's Tea Classic holds that drinking tea originated from Shennong's family, but the Book of Food Classic is a fake book, which is well known and not credible.
Erya has a saying "bitter tea". The world regards Erya as the work of Duke Zhou. It is wrong to think that drinking tea began in the Duke of Zhou, but I don't know that Erya was not written by Duke of Zhou. There is not enough evidence to start drinking tea. Yan Zi's Spring and Autumn Annals Under the Miscellaneous Clouds says that "Yan Zi is harmonious, wearing ten liters of cloth, eating millet and eating five eggs of moss", thinking that drinking tea (that is, tea) began in the Spring and Autumn Period. However, Yan Zi Chun Qiu was not written by Qi Yanying, so it is difficult to be established. Moreover, Wan Weiting's Collection of Sleepy Learning said: "This edition of Yan Zi's Miscellaneous Chapters in the Spring and Autumn Annals has been on a three-and-a-half-year-old moss disc, and it was cited as a tea, carrying people in a tea ceremony ..." Although it is tea, it is not drinkable tea. Therefore, drinking tea is invisible in the classics. The world also takes the poem "Who is bitter for tea" as proof of drinking tea. I don't know if this tea is bitter, not "tea bitter", and I can't sell myself short. There seems to be no wind of drinking tea during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. Therefore, Zhou Li Tianguan Jiazi No.1 said that the pulp man provided Wang with six kinds of drinks, one is water, the other is pulp, the third is water, the fourth is cold, the fifth is medicine and the sixth is unitary. I haven't seen tea yet. Drinking tea has been recorded from time to time since the Han Dynasty. During the Three Kingdoms period, Wu drank seven liters of wine from his ministers, but only two liters, or reduced it, or took tea as wine (The History of the Three Kingdoms, Wu Zhi Wei Yao) and served tea at the right time. Why else would there be tea at the banquet? Zhang Hua, a Jin native, once said that "drinking real tea can make people sleep less" (Zhang Hua's Natural History), which means that Jin people also have the habit of drinking tea, so tea has a long history. Song Peihan's Tea Story said: "Tea originated in the Eastern Jin Dynasty and flourished today (Song Dynasty)." Correct mistakes. "Galand in Luoyang" refers to the period when Liang Wudi and Tian Jian started drinking tea in the Southern Dynasties, which is particularly wrong. The so-called wind of drinking tea began in the Han and Wei Dynasties and prevailed in the Han and Wei Dynasties. Because it was not widely spread in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, how could it be discussed in the Han and Wei Dynasties? The two anecdotes quoted in Miscellaneous Notes on Tea History are as follows: When Xiao, the king of Qi, first entered Wei, he did not eat mutton paste, but often ate fresh fish soup and was thirsty for tea juice. When the scholars in the capital saw Xiao drinking a bucket, they counted the leaks. They all call themselves treasures ... but tea is wrong. They are slaves to cheese. Gaozu laughed: Because tea is called the slave of cheese, one day King Peng dug it out and gave it to Xiao Yue ... Tomorrow I will take care of you and prepare a tea (that is, fish) and a slave of cheese for you. "When Zheng De surrendered, Yuan Yi wanted to make a name for himself. First, he asked how deep he was in the water. Zheng De doesn't know what he means. One day: Xiaguan was born in a water town. Since he became independent, he hasn't suffered from Yang Hou, and all the guests laughed. According to the former statement, Wei Jing's people after the Northern Dynasties, when they saw Xiao drinking tea, cited it as strange and counted it as leakage. From the latter point of view, if Youyangte wants to prepare tea for Xiao Zhengde, it is rare and strange, and it is not a household item, which at least proves that this is not an ordinary thing. Otherwise, it is not something used by Xianbei people in the Northern Dynasties. At this time, drinking tea may be confined to a certain place and is not popular among the people. So it can only be called the beginning of drinking tea. The popularity of drinking tea began in the Tang Dynasty. People in the Tang Dynasty began to like drinking tea. Dongpo's poem says, "Send bitter tea and drink it out of the world." It is based on today's tea. Since the Tang Dynasty, it has become commonplace for ordinary people to drink several bowls of wine every day. Tea drinking began in the Han nationality, especially in the south. Northerners drank it, and they almost fell behind. Especially late abroad. Feng Ji, quoted earlier, said that "Southerners love to drink, but northerners don't drink much at first", which can prove that the hobbies of the north and the south are different successively, so drinking tea in foreign countries must be after northerners. The same book also says: "(drinking tea) ... starts in the middle and flows through the Great Wall. It is very strange to go back to the DPRK in previous years and drive away the famous horse market tea. " It can be seen that exchanging tea for horses with foreigners did not begin in the Song Dynasty, but actually began in the Tang Dynasty. It can also be seen that China tea exports to foreigners began in the Tang Dynasty. There is also a reason why foreigners like tea covers in China. The Official History of the Song Dynasty said: "(Song Zhezong) Fu Yuan was at the end, and Cheng Yuan Shao Yan was addicted to eating meat and drinking cheese, so tea made him sick, and Yi Shu was the best." "The History of the Ming Dynasty: Food Records" said: "Barbarians are fond of cheese, and if they can't have tea, they will be sick. Therefore, since the Tang and Song Dynasties, tea has been exchanged for horses, and Qiang and Rong have been used. " Just like this. In Lu You's Book of Southern Tang Dynasty, it is mentioned that although Qidan has trade with Southern Tang Dynasty, it is just empty talk that it is beneficial to southern tea pearl oyster. It's true. Beifan likes meat and must drink tea, because tea can remove the strong taste of meat. Today, Mongolians like drinking tea, which can be taken as an example. If they don't drink tea, they often get sick. No wonder they often exchange tea with famous Mahan people. Group tea named in the Tang and Song Dynasties was especially loved by barbarians, who often paid a lot of money to buy it. There is such a record in Zhang Song Shunmin's Notes on Painting: "Su Zhong Zi Rong of Xining made Liao Yaolin as his deputy and said,' Cover it with some small tea'." Zi Rong said, "This is a gift." I dare to cooperate with northerners. Soon after, your son asked Liao Guang to store tea. Since northerners don't accept group tea, they don't buy it, and small groups are not expensive. He bought a horse with two groups. "Like this magpie in the Tang Dynasty, the Qidan in the Song Dynasty, and even Xia Jinguo in ancient Tibet, people who eat meat and drink cheese have bad tea. Therefore, Xifan in Xining area of Tiaohe in Ming Dynasty was owned by tea horses. In the Ming Dynasty, the trade in tea was not autocratic, but private tea was prohibited from leaving the country. Offenders beheaded, set up Tea and Horse Department, and exchanged tea with Xifan. At the same time, in the land where tea is produced, one out of ten plants has no owner, and eight out of ten plants can serve tea wholeheartedly, which is nothing more than "surrendering to Xirong". "So, China tea spread to foreign countries, on the one hand, because of the requirements of foreign life, on the other hand, because China was unable to stabilize foreign countries, or needed foreign horses, and he had to do whatever he wanted, trading tea with them or detaining them. Therefore, after the taxation in the Tang Dynasty, the interior of tea was kept by the national treasury, which was safe for the outside world.
Tea is a specialty of China, or its origin, and then spread in the eastern ocean. First of all, it describes the origin of Japanese tea drinking custom in the East. Before China tea was introduced to Japan, it was said that there were wild teas in Kochi-machi, Japan, namely Yeqi Mountain, Feiqian Mountain, Jiumo Mountain Deer, Tsukuba Mountain's wife, Maoyouchuan Mountain in front of Qianfeng Mountain and Yoko Nao County behind Fengfeng Mountain. Is it only used as a drink by Japanese people, and is it planted? Unknown. Japanese tea varieties were handed down from China. In the early period of the Ping 'an Dynasty, among the craggy emperors in Wuping City, monks who spread Hongdao and invited foreigners to study abroad came to the Tang Dynasty continuously. They were descendants of tea varieties. He was the most outstanding figure in the Tang Dynasty at that time. When Sima Koukou of Taizhou returned to China, he once sent brew tea farewell, that is, he took tea seeds to Japan and planted them in Sakamoto, Jiangzhou. Or under the rule of Emperor Shengwu in Nara Dynasty, a monk once brought tea to the Medicine Palace in Shenzhou, and he was not sure whether it was planted in China. When tea seeds were exported to the people, there were few Japanese, especially those who drank tea seeds. At that time, although there was a saying in Ying Gong's poems that "Oriental Ming is awake, drink a cup of tea", tea drinking was not popular during about 180 years from the Heian Dynasty to the Cang Dynasty, but was only a consumer product among noble monks. During Ren Zhi's reign, he entered the Song Dynasty twice. When Master Rong returned to China, the culture of planting tea trees and drinking tea began to spread throughout the country. The Zen master entered the Song Dynasty, the first time was in Ren 'an in summer, and he went to Tiantai Mountain in Taizhou, Zhejiang Province. He deeply felt the spirit of tea and returned to China in autumn. Bring tea and plant it in the vestibule of Leizhenshan Square in Saga Prefecture, Fukuoka. It is called rock tea. It is also planted in Qianguang Temple of Yamamoto Toyota in Mitsui County, the same county. The second time, the sandwich was built for a long time. The ship returning home first went to Hewlett-Packard, Pinghu and Nagasaki. The Ministry of Civil Affairs built a small buddhist nun and opened a Dojo. Zen master grows tea near buddhist nun. Today, Japan's Kyushu hits the wild, and tea is produced in the other pole of Nagasaki Prefecture and the wild things in Saga Prefecture. The source of drinking water is given by master Rong. Zen master once wrote "Eating Tea for Health". He is famous for curing the hangover of the poet General Palace dynasty with tea. Later, Minghui's master also planted tea in Yamato, a mountain city. There are many artificial plants, and the wind of drinking tea is strong. The master once said, "The mystery of the tea ceremony is the essence of Kitajima Thai's time and frugality." Indirectly, it has great influence on Japanese politics. From then on, tea drinking became more popular in Japan, and many tea shops appeared. At that time, people wrote a poem: "Open tea shops everywhere, one yuan an hour. Life is simple and hungry. " It shows the atmosphere at that time. The beginning of western tea drinking. Europeans know that tea began in Portugal in the16th century and spread to Europe. /kloc-At the beginning of the 0/7th century, the dominant player in European eastern trade was the Portuguese, whose base was in Macau, Guangdong. Macao people are the first people to drink tea in Europe. Only Guangdong, a non-tea producing area, has little influence on the spread of tea. After the Dutch went east, they arrived in Fuzhou in the south of China, where China produced tea. That was in 1600. Europeans first used tea as medicine, and the Dutch East India Company exported very little tea to Europe, which was the beginning of western tea. European medicine is convinced of the function of tea, just as China people first drank tea. French aristocrats regard China's tea as a treasure, which is extremely precious. At that time, tea was expensive, and there was a legend that brick tea was included in the gold box as a gift. Tea was imported to Britain around 1660, when a teahouse was built in London. Around this time, when King Charles XIII of England married the Portuguese emperor as the queen of the inner prince in 1662, tea was included in the queen's gift. This is the first karma between the British royal family and tea. After that, the wind of drinking tea was second to that of the people. Pippi, an Englishman, was given tea from time to time and kept a diary saying, "I have never seen anything for China people. Is this a medicinal drink that the pharmacologist Ba Ling said has the effect of treating colds or cerebral congestion? " When tea was first used as medicine, it was the same in China and Japan. Then, in 1664, the East India Company presented tea to the king of England. At that time, the price of tea, a pound worth sixty shillings, was extremely expensive. Coffee was exported to Europe around 1580, 20 years earlier than tea, and was first imported by Arab merchants. Although the ancestors are the mainstay, in Britain, backward tea is indeed superior. By 1700, people will lose an average of 2000 pounds of tea every year, and in the next decade, the average will be about140,000 pounds. By 1780, Europe imported 5.5 million pounds, while Britain surged to12.2 million pounds, and coffee imports lagged behind. Then Britain led India, competing to grow tea against China. Due to import duties, Indian black tea cultivation has developed rapidly, and the quantity exported to Britain in 1888 exceeded that of China tea. English people drink morning tea and afternoon tea. Go out at home, meditate and talk without drinking tea. Each person consumes an average of nine kilograms of tea every year, which can be described as a "tea-loving nation". In Russian and Georgian, the name of tea is "China Tea" or "Liu Tea". Even the pronunciation is the same as the Chinese word "tea". This is because in 1893, Liu, the 29th generation descendant of Liu's Tea House of Han family, successfully planted China tea on Georgian Black Sea coast.
Lin Chaoxian's reputation was always covered up by Du Qifeng, Liu Weiqiang, Wei Jiahui and others during the booming period o