(1) One of the important functions of vocational education is to help young students who have never embarked on a career to complete their career design, determine their career direction according to their professional personality characteristics, and finally realize their career ideals. At present, many enterprises and colleges focus on the initial employment of graduates, and only consider the specific needs of a certain enterprise and a certain post, while ignoring the general needs and long-term needs in their careers, which makes it difficult for graduates to change careers or engage in jobs with low technical requirements and low wages for a long time, and cannot grow into excellent high-skilled talents. At present, vocational guidance in higher vocational colleges should focus on solving the following problems:

1. Implement comprehensive vocational guidance. Vocational guidance is not the same as employment guidance. It is not only a simple release of some demand information or teaching job-hunting skills, but also an educational activity aimed at promoting the lifelong career growth of practitioners and an important part of the function of vocational education. Vocational guidance activities must be included in the teaching plan as a formal course, and reasonable teaching objectives, teaching contents and teaching methods should be determined, and the corresponding assessment should be made. At present, the college has incorporated vocational guidance as a compulsory course into the talent training plan of various majors, and implemented vocational guidance courses in a combination of full-time and part-time ways.

2. Implement whole-course vocational guidance. A complete career guidance process should include pre-enrollment, study and post-graduation, which is a continuous and progressive education process. Before entering school, mainly through enrollment consultation, candidates can complete their career choices according to their professional interests and personality, so as to determine the correct direction of future career development. After studying, students should not only learn the necessary professional knowledge and skills, but also strengthen their professional ideals, develop noble professional ethics, and master the necessary supply and demand information of human resources market. Students should also know their work adaptation and career growth progress after graduation, and give follow-up guidance. The college has set up an employment guidance office, which is responsible for the employment guidance before and after admission, and monitors the employment guidance activities of students during their school days.

3. Implement full-time vocational guidance. Vocational guidance is a comprehensive educational activity with guiding significance to the career development of practitioners. It is not only the task of a few full-time teachers, but also the work that special vocational guidance institutions can do. All members of vocational education and training institutions have the responsibility of vocational guidance. Every teacher should infiltrate the requirements of vocational guidance in daily professional teaching and scientifically integrate professional teaching content with vocational guidance content. Through full-time vocational guidance, vocational guidance has become a routine educational activity that can be carried out anytime and anywhere.

(2) Cultivating the necessary theoretical knowledge, basic skills and key abilities of practitioners The practice of "dual system" in Germany shows that relying entirely on "learning by doing" has great defects, which is not conducive to the career growth of practitioners, especially under the conditions of informationization, many traditional operational skills have been replaced by procedures, and simple operational skills have become less and less. Practitioners must master the necessary theoretical knowledge to meet the needs of technological development. Vocational colleges adopt class teaching system, which has high teaching efficiency and is suitable for imparting general knowledge and skills and cultivating cross-disciplinary general ability. According to our experience, in order to enhance the training effect, we need to focus on solving the following problems: 1. Adopt the training mode of combining work with study. Practice has proved that the teaching effect is not ideal if you only attend classes in the classroom and then go to the factory for internship. The best way is to choose typical and representative tasks in the work process, so that students can learn relevant knowledge and skills according to the needs of the work process, develop good professional ethics and work habits, exercise cooperation ability, learning ability, creativity and psychological endurance, and realize the full integration of theory and practice. At present, the college has completed the curriculum reform of work-study combination in three majors: numerical control technology, logistics management and hotel management, and has formulated corresponding curriculum standards, and is organizing the compilation of supporting school-based teaching materials.

2. Establish a full-time and part-time teaching team. Because it is too difficult to train "double-qualified" teachers, it is a realistic choice to establish a professional teaching team combining full-time and part-time teaching. In the process of curriculum implementation, full-time teachers in colleges and universities and part-time teachers in enterprises jointly complete teaching tasks. Full-time teachers focus on teaching organization and theoretical guidance, while part-time teachers are mainly responsible for practical guidance. This method not only makes up for the shortage of full-time teachers, but also improves the teaching effect. At present, more than 30% of the part-time teachers in the college are majoring in numerical control technology, automobile maintenance and electrical automation, and some majors have reached 50% of the requirements for implementing the work-study combination course in terms of teachers.

3. Build a productive training base on campus. Training base is a necessary material condition for implementing the course of combining work with study. The cultivation of high-skilled talents needs a certain professional environment. Whether learning professional knowledge or learning professional skills, you need to be equipped with sufficient training equipment. Under certain conditions, the college bought out 14 small and medium-sized enterprises and schools, and embarked on a school-running road of "integration of front school and rear factory, production and learning", which played a supporting role in implementing the curriculum reform of work-integrated learning. The newly purchased factory building of the College has a single floor area of 20,000 square meters, which has been transformed into the main place for training migrant workers and professional workers, and has now been officially put into use. In this base, there are not only training equipment purchased with a loan of 6,543.8 billion yuan, but also production lines invested by off-campus enterprises to produce products that truly meet the market demand. This training base construction mode realizes the interactive utilization of training resources and production resources, and has good social benefits.

(3) Carry out theoretical research on vocational training and promote the improvement of vocational training system. China's vocational training is still in the stage of exploration and experience, and a complete theoretical system has not yet been formed. There are still many problems in training mode, curriculum development, teaching methods, especially practical teaching organization, which need to be further explored. However, compared with German powerful vocational education research institutions, China's vocational training research institutions are very weak. Higher vocational colleges have made many achievements in training theory research, which is an important force to promote the improvement of China's training system. At present, the problems that need to be clarified urgently include the following aspects:

1. Localization training mode suitable for China's national conditions. The employment system determines the enterprise training system. In the case of high employee mobility, enterprises will lack the enthusiasm for training. In order to mobilize the enthusiasm of enterprises and employees at the same time, we should explore the system of overall use of employee training funds, that is, enterprises should first hand over the employee education funds and employee technical training funds to the competent government departments in accordance with the prescribed proportion, and then return them according to the actual situation of enterprise employee education and training, and give appropriate subsidies. This system can not only promote the growth of highly skilled talents, but also mobilize the enthusiasm of enterprises. At present, the college is undertaking the provincial project of "the growth law and training mode of electromechanical high-skilled talents", and will put forward some relevant policy suggestions to the government after systematic research.

2. Scientific and reasonable training course development mode. It is a very arduous task to develop the training course of combining work with study, which requires not only a lot of course theories, but also rich practical experience in production. Although CBE, MES and other models can be used for reference, it needs to be explored to achieve good results under realistic conditions. The college adopts the "three-subject model" in curriculum development, and curriculum experts, enterprise experts and teaching experts jointly develop the work-integrated learning curriculum. Curriculum experts are responsible for making development plans, guiding the development process and evaluating the quality of courses; Enterprise experts are responsible for career analysis and job analysis, and determine typical tasks as the main basis for determining training content; Teaching experts are responsible for teaching analysis, classification, sequencing and transformation of typical tasks according to teaching rules, and finally transform them into implementable courses.

3. Technician evaluation mode based on production process. At present, the evaluation method of technicians is divorced from the production process, which affects the evaluation quality. It is beneficial to the growth of high-skilled talents to explore the working mode of skill appraisal in the process of production service and implement the technician evaluation method combining the ability evaluation of production site with the performance evaluation of work results. The urgent task is to further refine and improve the evaluation standards, procedures and methods of Paper Web: www.homelunwen.com, and to eliminate the interference of human factors as much as possible to form a fair, just and open real-time evaluation system.

Three, several problems to be solved in the training of high-skilled personnel

(A) the professional standards of system science

At present, the occupational standards and occupational classification are not comprehensive and scientific, which not only affects the enhancement of independent innovation ability of enterprises, but also affects the normal training of high-skilled talents. There are two most prominent problems: first, there is a lack of standards for engineering and technical occupations; Second, professional standards can not be updated in time, which makes some standards not meet the needs of actual work. According to the theory of "occupational belt", the occupational positions of industrial enterprises should include engineering series, technology series and skill series. At present, there is no professional standard for technician sequence in China. With the unified management of human resources, China should formulate professional standards of engineering, technology and skills as soon as possible and update them in time, so as to reverse the current situation of separate management of different types of occupations and unmanned management across occupations and create a good policy environment for the cultivation of high-skilled talents.

(B) the unity of training and use

At present, middle and primary skilled talents are mainly trained by vocational colleges, and some senior technical schools and technician colleges have trained graduates with senior salary scales, which are the main source of skilled talents in enterprises and the preparatory targets of outstanding high-skilled talents. However, due to the uncoordinated specification and quantity of training and use, many enterprises cannot arrange vocational college graduates in corresponding posts or even retrain them, which not only wastes valuable educational resources, but also makes the teaching work of colleges very passive. The government should establish a normal school-enterprise cooperation mechanism, let enterprises actively participate in the whole process of vocational education, make an authoritative evaluation of educational effects, and organically unify vocational qualification certification and teaching evaluation.

(c) Identification of migrant workers

At present, with the transfer of rural labor force, migrant workers have gradually become the main body of highly skilled talents, playing an increasingly important role in the production and operation activities of enterprises. However, different from the industrialized period of developed countries, the transfer of rural labor force in China is restricted by the social system, and the occupation of migrant workers is in an unstable state, which makes their career development in a very unfavorable position. Not only are enterprises unwilling to bear the cost of employee training, but employees themselves cannot predict their future career development. However, technical training is moderately advanced, and the short-term behavior of workers and employers greatly weakens the demand for technical training. Many enterprises often provide short-term training for employees temporarily or directly recruit talents from the society when carrying out technological transformation. Therefore, in order to establish a modern enterprise employee training system, it is necessary to introduce a series of supporting laws and policies to form a system of policies and regulations for the growth of skilled workers and the development of vocational training in China, to provide a strong policy system guarantee for promoting the development of employee training and the construction of high-skilled talents, and to form a good atmosphere for the growth of skilled talents in the whole society.