Growing experience
Born in a noble family in Mongolia. Zu Hai Du, Gao Zudun Binai, great-grandfather Gebulu Khan and great-grandfather Anbahai Khan are all prominent figures or leaders of the Mongolian Ministry. Father should soon have the title of Eight Doors (Warriors). At that time, there were more than 100 tribes in Mobei Plateau, attacking each other. When Temujin was born, it happened that his father captured Temujin Wu Ge, the leader of Tata Children's Department, in battle, so he took this name to commemorate his martial arts.
Born in Gonghe River, Huel (now Mordaoga Town, Ergun City, Hulunbeier City, Inner Mongolia). When he was 9 years old, his father was poisoned by the Tatars and everyone was separated. He fought against his widowed mother, Hoelun. He was captured by other tribes and almost killed, but he escaped by his own cleverness. A little longer, he attached himself to Tory (later called Wang Han), the most powerful leader of the Kelie Department in the Mongolian Plateau, and respected him as his father, so that he could gather his father's old staff; He and Jamukha, the leader of Zagreb's Ansan Department, became an Ansan (righteous brother) and gradually developed his influence. In order to avenge Meiere's wife, Wang Han and Jamukha sent troops, and together with tens of thousands of soldiers, they suddenly attacked Meiere's wife, killed them all and regained their wives.
In the last years of Jin Dading, he moved to the upper reaches of Lvlian River (now Krulun River), set up accounts independently, made extensive alliances, selected talents, and was generous to others, which attracted many Mongolian ministries and Qi Yanshi nobles to vote, and was called Khan. At the end of Jin Dading or the beginning of Ming Chang, Jamukha turned back and led the 13 Coalition forces to attack with 30,000 people. Temujin summoned 30,000 troops from various ministries and divided them into 13 wings (wings, meaning battalion or circle) to fight. After losing, he retreated, which is called the Battle of Thirteen Wings in history. Because Temujin is good at winning people's hearts, many people in Jamukha have defected, but he has strengthened his own strength.
In the first year of Cheng 'an (1 196), together with Wang Han, he cooperated with Jin Dynasty Prime Minister Wan to kill many people below Minister Tatar, and was awarded Zawu Huli (tribal officer) by Jin Dynasty. Join hands with Wang Han again and defeat the Hadajin and others in the alliance 1 1 Coalition.
In the first year of Taihe (120 1), he led the army to break the loose alliance organized by Jamukha. The following year, he was attacked by Naiman allies and retreated to the walls of Phnom Penh. Defeated Naiman Allied Forces in the wilderness of Kuyitian (now the upper reaches of the Haraha River), attacked and destroyed the four Tatars. Wang Han was jealous and hostile because of his growing power. In three years, Wang Han raided and defeated the Banzuni River (now southwest of Hulun Lake). Together with his followers, he vowed to drink turbid water and overcome difficulties. Then he moved to the middle reaches of the Hehehe River (Halaha), and collected more than 4,600 riders (say 2,600) from the scattered departments, and gradually recovered after rest. After the investigation, it was learned that Wang Han was arrogant and unprepared, and attacked Wang Han Camp at night, and he was greatly defeated. Wang Han escaped alone, was killed by Naiman, and Ke Lie was killed.
In four years, I built a timid (defender). Soon, Naiman leader Sun Khan attacked, cleverly arranged a puzzle, captured and killed Sun Khan alive, conquered his army, and forced Hadajin, Doruban and other troops to surrender. By the first year of Genghis Khan (1206), many tribes, large and small 100, on the Mongolian Plateau were defeated, and the five major parts of Tatar, Kelie, Mirqi, Naiman and Mongolia were unified under the banner of Temujin. Temujin then held a big party at the source of the South River (now the Enen River) and established Yekemeng Urus (Great Mongolia), honoring Genghis Khan (this name means "ocean" or "powerful" emperor). Expand the fear of Xue to ten thousand people and call it Dazhong Army. Organize thousands of people with the unity of soldiers and people, mount horses to prepare for war, dismount and gather for grazing. Life "four jie" Boroqul, black blind, Muqali, ChiLaoWen for four fear Xue Chang.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Genghis Khan became more and more powerful and began to launch a large-scale conquest war abroad. After more than 20 years of war with Xixia, it repeatedly created the main force of Xixia army, forcing Xixia king to beg for mercy and surrender, clearing the northwest barrier of Jin Dynasty and successfully attacking gold in the south. In six years, he led the army to attack the gold, which opened the Mongolian-gold war for 24 years. Wushabao (now northwest of Zhangbei, Hebei) won the first battle; Then hit Yehuling (now the northwest of Wanquan, Hebei Province) and Huihe Fort (now the southeast of Huai 'an) and annihilate a large number of elite 8 Jin Army; He also attacked Huailai (now Hebei) and Gashan (now Yanqing, Beijing) and defeated more than 100,000 Jin Jun; It also hit the Jin Army in Tokyo (now Liaoyang, Liaoning), Xijing (now Datong, Shanxi) and Juyongguan. Later, he constantly changed his tactics and attacked the hinterland of the Central Plains and western Liaoning for plunder in three ways.
In March of the ninth year of Genghis Khan, soldiers gathered at the gates of Zhongdu (now Beijing). At that time, it was difficult to capture the city, so they sent messengers to make peace, forcing the rulers to dedicate Qi Country Princess, gold silks and horses and lead the troops out of Juyongguan. In June, under the pretext that the Jin Dynasty moved its capital to Nanjing (now Kaifeng, Henan Province) to "break the contract", taking advantage of the fact that the people of Jin were floating and the army mutinied in Mongolia, three troops were sent to meet Badou and graphite Ming 'an led the army to attack the capital of Mongolia (a general term for conquered northern tribes in Liao, Jin and Yuan Dynasties). In order to meet the needs of siege, Genghis Khan adopted the strategy of building the Ministry, and gradually established the artillery army, with artillery stones as the first priority in siege. Later, when attacking the city, hundreds of guns were used at a time, and the city was quickly broken. At the same time, in order to absorb the advanced technology of all ethnic groups and plunder craftsmen and artists everywhere, a city plunders tens of thousands. Subsequently, an army of craftsmen was established and a factory was established to smelt iron and make weapons. In communication, it has created "the arrow travels quickly", traveling hundreds of miles every day, and the speed of military order transmission and military deployment has increased. He is good at playing the role of cavalry and is known as the "Mongolian whirlwind".
In the twelfth year of Genghis Khan, Genghis Khan named Muqali the surname and king, commanded the Golden War, and returned to Mongolia to prepare for the Western Expedition.
In the 13th year of Genghis Khan, Zhe Bie, a pioneer general, was sent to wipe out the forces of Western Liao and Qu Chulv and clear the way for the Western Expedition.
Genghis Khan was in power 14 years, and led an army of about 200,000 people. For the purpose of military expansion and plunder, he marched westward on the grounds of killing Mongolian businessmen and envoys in the western regions. In a few years, Ortera (located in the middle reaches of the Syr Darya River), Bukhara and Samarkand were successively attacked. Zhe Bie and Subutai were sent to hunt down Mahamo, King of Walamoz, and were forced to flee to an island in the Kuantian Keith Sea (now Caspian Sea) (later died of illness). Then ordered Zhe Bie, northern Jiangsu to continue westward, as far as the Crimean peninsula; He led the army to pursue Zalandin, the son of Maha, to Shenhe (Indus River).
In the 19th year of Genghis Khan, Banshi returned to Mobei.
In the 21st year of Genghis Khan, 654.38+ ten thousand troops annihilated the main force of Xixia Army (Xixia perished the following year). Genghis Khan tried to concentrate on attacking gold. In the 22nd year (1August 25th, 227), he died on July12nd in Xiaqingshui County (now Gansu Province) of Liupanshan at the age of 66. Last wish: Take advantage of the disharmony between Song and Jin Dynasties, and use the territory of Song Dynasty to unite with Song Dynasty to destroy Jin Dynasty. His sons Wokuotai and Tuo Lei followed this policy and perished the Jin Dynasty in the sixth year of Wokuotai Khan (1234).
Stand up, bow, shoot the eagle.
Genghis Khan was born in the early 1960s (1 162). At that time, the northern part of China was under the rule of the Jurchen rulers. The northern and southern grasslands of the desert are also independent and not subordinate to each other. The Jin Dynasty carried out the policy of "divide and rule" and "downsizing". 1 146, Anbahan, the leader of the Mongolian Ministry, was brutally crucified on a donkey by Jin Xizong in the name of "punishing rebellion". Mongolian tribal alliance has organized many resistance struggles, and their ancestors have paid blood and lives for it. Born in this social environment, Temujin naturally took defeating Xu Jin as his main goal in life.
He has always kept this hatred in mind. It is this generation of resentments that led to the long-term campaign inside and outside the grassland. Temujin's mother, Mrs. Hoelun, was born in Hongjila Department and married a beggar, Chilie. 1 16 1 In autumn, the leader of the Mongolian begging department should also hunt by the Wonan River as soon as possible, and found Hoelun passing by the Mongolian headquarters. With the help of several brothers and friends, according to the tradition of "robbing relatives" at that time, he defeated the beggar Meiere and robbed Mrs. Hoelun, so Hoelun became Su Ye's wife. The following year, it was time to capture Temujin Wu Ge, the head of Tata Children's Department, alive. At that time, the first son was born. To celebrate the victory of the war, it's time to name his eldest son Temujin. When Temujin was 9 years old, his father was poisoned by Zagreb Wu Ge, the son of Tatar Temujin. Shortly after his death, Anbahai Khan's grandson Taiji Wu suddenly took the opportunity to make waves in the tower. He incited the Mongolian people to abandon Temujin's mother and son, causing his family to fall into the abyss of suffering from the position of tribal leader.
When Temujin 18 years old, Tuotuo, the former enemy of Meiere, took his wife away. Temujin fought against the beggars' department in Meiere and defeated the beggars in Meiere. Around 1 184, Temujin was elected as the begging Khan of Mongolia. Temujin claimed that Khan aroused the envy of ambitious Jamukha, and Jamukha's 13 Tatar and Taiji Uighur launched the "Thirteen Wings War" against Temujin. In more than 60 wars Temujin experienced in his life, this was the only time that he didn't win.
As his strength grew, Temujin began to attack the enemy who killed his father. After defeating the Beggars' Sect, its leader was killed, and Muqali and his son were put under Temujin's account. Later, Muqali became Temujin's No.1 star, and was named as the King of the Imperial Academy, so that he could manage the Central Plains alone.
Fearing the rise of Temujin, the nobles on the grassland elected Jamukha as the "ancient Khan", that is, the sweat of many people, and vowed to be the enemy of Temujin. They formed a 12 coalition and launched the Kuyitian campaign against Temujin and Kelie. The mob led by Jamukha could not resist the fierce attack of Temujin and Wang Khan and fell apart in less than a day. Jamukha surrendered to Wang Han. Then Temujin attacked the Tata Department, and its leader Zagreb committed suicide by taking poison after the defeat. Another leader of the Tata Department also refused to surrender. Temujin pursued the Taiji Uighur Department, and was shot in the neck by the Taiji Uighur Department in the command battle, and his life was dying. Early the next morning, the Taiji Uighur Department surrendered to Temujin.
The downfall of Taiji Uighur Department eliminated great obstacles for Temujin to further unify Mongolian ministries, and several of his aides, such as archer Zhe Bie and Naya, became Temujin's right-hand man and a generation of heroes who conquered the world. Later, they were the people who went on an expedition to Western Liao to destroy Qu Chulu. In the first Western Expedition, Zhe Bie and Su Butai played the most special roles. They pursued the Sultan, captured Queen Turhan alive and defeated Archduke Roskiff.
1in the autumn of 202, Temujin concentrated his forces and wiped out the old enemy Tatar. 1In the autumn of 2003, Temujin captured the gold account of Wang Han, who had been fighting with him all the time, and Wang Han and his son were defeated. 1204 Genghis Khan conquered Naiman.
Wang Han wanted to go to Naiman's department alone, and was killed by a border guard as a spy at Naiman's border. Wang Han's son Sang Kun also died in a foreign land.
The powerful Kelie Department was destroyed, and Temujin occupied Hulunbeier grassland, the eastern grassland with abundant water and grass. On the Mongolian grassland, only Naiman has the strength to fight Temujin. The nobles who lost to Temujin gathered in Naiman Khan, trying to regain their lost cattle, sheep and pasture with the support of Sun Khan. However, the grassland people don't want the situation of the tribe to repeat itself, and Sun Khan, who has never fought and overreached, is also vulnerable. After the Battle of Hu Na Cliff, the seemingly powerful Naiman Department was completely destroyed.
Someone's (unfortunate) fate
When Temujin was 9 years old, his father took him to Hongjila to seek relatives and friends. Dexuechan, a wise man in Hongqila Department, betrothed his daughter Kyle Borotie to Temujin. However, on the way back to Mongolian grassland, Zagreb, the son of Tatar Temujin Wu Ge, was poisoned. It's time to ask his followers before he dies. In the future, when he retaliates against him, all Tata people who are higher than the wheels will be killed. After his death, Temujin's family struggled on the grassland. Mrs. Hoelun pinned her hopes on the Temujin brothers, especially her eldest son Temujin, and hoped that he would become the leader of the Mongolian Ministry in the future. However, Temujin's half-brother Buick Tier did not obey his authority, and Temujin, who already felt that he was the leader, could not tolerate such a challenge. When Temujin 13 years old, several younger brothers accidentally had an incident of "grabbing fish" and "grabbing birds", and Temujin, Hasal and Buick Tier clashed. Temujin and Hasal shot Buick Tier in tandem. His mother severely chastised him and taught him that now there is no companion but shadow and no whip except ponytail. The more at this moment, the more we should unite our brothers in order to shoulder the great cause of rejuvenating the family. After his mother's education, he sincerely admitted his mistakes, saying that he would never forget his mother's lessons and must unite and fight for the rejuvenation of his family. When Temujin 16 years old, a beggar stole nine silver horses from Temujin's family. Temujin met the bosom friend black blind man in the process of chasing horses. Later, Bolshevi became a member of the Mongolian Empire and one of the four outstanding men under Genghis Khan.
Tower suddenly thought Temujin's family would starve to death, but Hoelun led the children to survive, and Temujin became a young hero. So he listened to his grandmother's advice and tried to catch Temujin on the pretext that he shot his younger brother in the name of teaching the younger generation by his elders. Tahutai tried to sacrifice Temujin's head to the sky and the mountains, but Temujin escaped after wounding the guards, leaving the old woman (Tahutai's grandmother) unsatisfied. It was here in do or die that Temujin happened to meet the Hopan people. He Ansan is the daughter of a slave who stabbed a horse in Talihutai. She was kind-hearted and risked her life to save Temujin. According to the tradition of "meeting guests and getting married", they have an unforgettable love affair in the wool pile. Temujin swore to benefactor and lover He An that if he could escape alive, he would marry her in the future. As a slave, He Ansan knew that Temujin was engaged to Kyle Polo, the noble daughter of Hongjira Department. There is only one wish in the girl's heart-you are really promising, let me be a handmaiden and serve you all my life! After the war with Tata Kuoda, Temujin's savior and lover He Ansan finally came to Temujin's side. At this time, He Ansan is a woman who is nearly 40 years old. But she was obsessed with Temujin. How many times she prayed for his safety and rejoiced in his success. Temujin never forgot to answer Ann. Unexpectedly, as soon as they met, their Ministry would kill her husband, the silly camel, and Temujin felt very guilty. In fact, He An-san doesn't love or hate her husband. She is the daughter of a slave. Can a slave expect to talk about marriage according to his own wishes? It's just that she hates silly camels and towers and turns against Temujin. Knowing that He An-san was a widow, Temujin wanted to keep his promise and accept her as a side princess. Answer Ann loves Temujin deeply, which is why she refused Temujin. Because she is not a kind person, she knows that Temujin needs a beautiful young princess to adjust the pressure brought by a bloody battle. She still insists on practicing her wishes, being a handmaiden for Temujin and waiting on him all her life. So she became a member of Temujin family in a special capacity. But Temujin didn't treat her like a slave.
In the face of one sudden disaster after another, Temujin's mother and son were not intimidated or conquered, but persevered and fought bravely. At the time of crisis, Temujin not only made a few intimate friends who could share life and death, but Genghis Khan also established the Great Mongolian khanate in 1206 and made noble benefactors and lovers. Moreover, the reputation of "Condor Heroes" spread all over the Mongolian grassland at this time, and the seeds of love and hate took root in their hearts, which deeply affected the growth process of Temujin brothers.
When Temujin 18 years old, De Xuechan of Hongjila Department married his daughter Marco Polo to Temujin according to the original engagement. But only a few months later, his wife was snatched away by the minister of the former enemy's begging department and forced to combine with Chiliege, Chiliedu's younger brother. Temujin's revenge for killing his father was not reported, and the hatred of stealing his wife from the beggar fell on his head again. In order to get his wife back, he prayed for immortality in the face of Mount Bourhan, and decided to go to war with his nemesis, the beggar Mirkhan.
1206, Temujin held the Culitai Khan Selection Conference at the source of Wonan River, the fundamental place of Mongolia. Temujin was elected Genghis Khan, and the Mongolian Khanate was proclaimed, which is a great event in the history of Mongolia, China and even the world. In the name of the gods, Temujin was honored as Genghis Khan. Temujin enfeoffed heroes, philosophers and brothers, and implemented the enfeoffment system with grassland characteristics-the king system of thousands of households; Created a book of terrible characters and formulated a legal system; The era of conquering the people in the forest and reunifying the Mongolian grassland with the Uighur regime has finally arrived.
Family enfeoffment
The army is the main component of state power. Where there are soldiers, there is strength, and when there are strong soldiers, the country is solid. This is especially true in the historical stage of conquering wars as a profession. Therefore, after Genghis Khan unified the Mongolian grassland, the first thing he did was to seal the hero and the imperial clan, further improve and institutionalize the thousand-household system that had been implemented in the war, create a thousand-household system that integrated military and political affairs, and successively appointed a number of thousand-household officials, thousand-household officials and imperial clan kings, and established a military and political organization that was subordinate at all levels, flexible in command, convenient in governance and good at fighting. Genghis Khan organized 95,000 households in the occupied area, and ruled separately by heroes and nobles. Historical Records and Secret History of Mongolia list names, origins, major experiences and the composition of thousands of households, among which 78 were heroes, and 3 Xu * * * owned 10 thousand households, so only 88 people were actually enfeoffed at that time, that is, Mongolia. The establishment of the household system marks the final disintegration of the tribal and clan systems. This is a military, political and economic trinity system, and it is the most important link in the ruling system of the Mongolian khanate. Yan Na, who made special contributions, was also granted various privileges. Yan Naban is the pillar of Genghis Khan's "golden family" that ruled the Mongolian people. In fact, it defeated the original slave owners and clan nobles through war, and re-cultivated a new class of slave owners, mainly Genghis Khan's golden family, supplemented by heroes at all levels.
Tatatong Achuang Mongolian Characters
Mongolians used to have no writing, only mowing grass and woodcarving to take notes. In Temujin's war against Naiman, he caught a Uighur named Tatatan. He is Naiman Sun Khan's handprint officer, and respects him as a national fu, so that he can master the golden seal and the Valley of Money. Temujin asked Tata son to stay with him. "After that, if there is a decree, it will be printed first, and it will still be ordered." Soon, Temujin asked Tattoona to spell Mongolian with Uighur initials and taught his ministers to learn. This is the so-called "Uighur". From then on, the literature of the Mongolian khanate, "The use of Uighur in Uighur", "Uighur only has 2 1 letter, and the rest are only compiled by the radicals. Han, Khitan, and Jurchen countries only use Chinese characters. " For a long time, Xiao Mu remained the only place in Mongolia. "Huizi" refers to "the book of formidable characters". Although Kublai Khan once asked Buddhist Basiba to create "Mongolian New Characters", it was basically not used after the demise of the Yuan Dynasty, and "Uighur Characters" was improved after the reform in the early14th century, and it has been used ever since. Tatatang created Mongolian characters, which is a pioneering work in the history of Mongolian Khanate. It is because of this writing that Genghis Khan can promulgate written laws and books, and the first ancient history of the Mongolian people, The Secret History of Mongolia, written shortly after his death, was written in this fearsome language.
Mongolian Statutory Law —— The Promulgation of Grand Zasa
Before Genghis Khan unified Mongolia, there could be no written law, because Mongolians had no writing. When Genghis Khan established People's Republic of China (PRC) in 1206, he ordered him to throw away his property and suddenly set about drafting the Green Paper, which was the beginning of the Mongolian people's formal promulgation of the written law. However, the first written law of the Mongols, Zasa Grand Ceremony, was formulated more than ten years later and before the Western Expedition of Hualamozi. According to historical records, in 12 19, "Genghis Khan held high the banner of conquering the world, and went to Huala Mozi". Before leaving school, he "called a meeting and held Huliletai, in which his own leadership rules, laws and ancient habits were redefined", the so-called Zasa ceremony. Feini Zhi specially wrote a chapter "Laws made by Genghis Khan and Zasa promulgated after he came to power" in "History of World Conquerors", in which he said: "Because the Tatars didn't have their own characters, he ordered Mongolian children to learn to write Uighur, and recorded relevant Zasa and laws on scrolls. These scrolls are called "The Grand Ceremony of Sasa" and kept in the vault of the late king. Whenever the new Khan ascended the throne, the army mobilized, or the kings got together to discuss the political affairs and state affairs, they took out these letters, acted according to the above words, and dispatched troops in the above-mentioned way to destroy counties and towns. " At present, the Zasa Grand Ceremony has been lost, but some of its clauses are recorded in Chinese and foreign history books. Russian RiZhanov Ski once collected relevant records from Persian, Arabic and European historical materials, and obtained 36 descriptions of Mongolian laws such as Zasa and 29 instructions from Genghis Khan. There are quite a few Zasa and Xun Yan in China historical materials, which need to be collected and sorted out. According to these incomplete records, we can roughly understand some contents of Genghis Khan's law. In Mongolian society, Khan and He Han are supreme rulers and enjoy supreme authority. Khan's words and orders are laws, and Genghis Khan's orders are recorded in the Great Zagreb issued by Genghis Khan. Genghis Khan's "precepts" are also called "big decrees".
The Western Expedition of the Flower Prickly Model and the Journey of Changchun Real People to the West
Hailan, a model of Hualazi, in Ortera, killed 450 peace merchants in the Mongolian khanate, and his king Maha arbitrarily killed the envoy sent by Genghis Khan to negotiate.
This became the fuse of Genghis Khan's western expedition.
How to treat Genghis Khan's expedition to the west has always been controversial. Mongols are a people on horseback. They were born, grew up and even died on horseback. Genghis Khan immediately became emperor. He unified the Mongolian grassland with one sword, captured Zhongdu of the Jin Dynasty, took horseshoe as his own territory, plundered population and property, and managed an ideal territory for his descendants. This is indeed the real purpose of Genghis Khan's western expedition.
Argument before starting a career-Before starting a career in the Western Expedition, Genghis Khan's scholars argued about the origin of his eldest son Shu Chi and the succession of Khan's post: whether Shu Chi was Genghis Khan's own flesh and blood was not the focus of debate at that time, but who succeeded Khan's post. Whether the cause can be carried forward is the starting point of Genghis Khan's consideration. In this conflict, Genghis Khan identified the third son Wokuotai as Khan's successor, mainly from the aspects of political stability and personal talent. At the same time, it shows that the inheritance system of Mongolian Khan did not implement the eldest son inheritance system at that time, but retained some traces of the recommendation system at the end of primitive society: the heirs were selected from the "sages" of the youngest son and finally confirmed by the Curry Thai Association. It was this system of succession of Khan that led to the struggle for the throne of the Mongolian royal family after Genghis Khan's death. Shu Chi is the eldest son. At that time, the debate about whether this man was Genghis Khan's own son left a shadow on Genghis Khan's psychology and accompanied him all his life. Cha Hetai is the second son of Kyle Polo Tiesheng. He was a warrior in the war and had an indomitable character. But he was reckless, aggressive and cruel by nature, and Genghis Khan knew that he was not the material to inherit his career. Wokuotai is the third child, and he is not as good as his two brothers in both meritorious service and bravery. However, he is smarter than his two brothers, can observe Genghis Khan's mind and is easy-going. He never participated in the fighting between brothers, and never showed the enthusiasm of inheriting Khan's position. It was this that won him the trust of Genghis Khan and passed on his sweat.
Clear the boundary and break through the middle.
Genghis Khan adopted the strategy of "clearing the border and breaking through" when attacking the flower thorn submodule. Samarkand, the new capital of Huala Mozi, is in the east of Huala and Yulong Jiechi, the old capital, is in the northwest of Huala. The king lives in Xindu and his mother is bald, which is rare in the old days.
The goal of Genghis Khan's first battle was to capture Ortera and other border cities, and at the same time, he led China's army to attack for nothing. The purpose is to avoid reality and make a breakthrough in the middle, and cut off the connection between the old and new capitals of Hua La Zi Mo, so that it can't take care of each other from beginning to end. The fiercest place of this war was Ortera City, and Haier Khan was finally captured alive. Genghis Khan melted the silver liquid and poured it into his eyes in order to avenge the caravan and envoys who were killed.
The Death of King Mahaman
The flower thorn submodules were quite powerful in the Middle East at that time, and their king Sultan Mahaman was called the conqueror of the world. The Middle East and neighboring European countries are very afraid of him, and even many Volos principalities are often harassed by them, so that Volos people are often auctioned in the market of Hualamo. Maha, arrogant. Apart from his fear of his mother, he turned a blind eye to the Xiliao people and Naiman people. At first, he knew little about Mongols. Heirhan, the younger brother of the Empress Dowager, was greedy for money and killed the Mongolian caravan. He didn't approve, and he didn't know, but because the empress dowager supported her uncle, she had to treat the Mongolian mission with a tough attitude. At that time, he really believed that it was a group of barbaric pagans riding horses as short as rabbits, and they were simply vulnerable. The first time he met a small group of Mongolian troops led by his comrades-in-arms at the border of western Liaoning, he realized the fighting capacity of the Mongols.
Facing the attack of the Mongolian army, King Mahaman rejected the correct suggestion of concentrating his forces to fight a decisive battle, and adopted the strategy of dividing his troops to defend the customs and fighting alone. When the Mongolian army approached, he gave up the capital, gave up the natural barrier and led the masses to escape, never organizing a decent resistance. Mongolian generals Bie and Subutai led the army to pursue Maha according to Genghis Khan's orders. Genghis Khan asked them to bite their prey like hunting dogs, and even if they hid in deep mountains and islands, they should catch up like lightning. Queen Baldwin, who was hiding in the mountains, was forced to surrender, and Mahaman, who fled to the island, also died tragically.
After the death of the late Maha, those who left went to the north and entered the Chincha grassland and Voros area. Due to the differences between Shu Chi and Chahetai, Yu Longjie could not attack for a long time. Genghis Khan appointed Wokuotai as the frontline commander and finally captured Chicheng in Yulong. The mighty flower thorn submodule was completely annihilated, the Qincha cavalry and the Voros kingdom were also defeated, and the ancient Indian River and the Volga River became the battlefields for fierce competition. Prince Zalandin of Vara led the remnants to resist and wiped out nearly 30,000 Mongolian soldiers in one fell swoop in the Battle of Baluwan. However, the general trend of the flower thorn submodule has gone, and Zalandin was besieged by Genghis Khan on the Shenhe River, and finally broke through and fled to India.
On the way back to the army, I met a real Changchun man-Genghis Khan. On the way back to the army, I met a real Changchun man, Qiu Chuji, the founder of Quanzhen Taoism in northern China. Japanese scholars called it a breeze of the Western Expedition. Qiu Chuji is the head of Quanzhen Taoism, and Genghis Khan treats him like a friend. Qiu Chuji didn't meet Genghis Khan for a long time, but he played an important role in Genghis Khan's life, which greatly changed his personality. Qiu Zudian and Qiu Chuji clearly told him that people can't live forever, but can only preserve their health. He also told him a way to govern the country and advised him not to kill innocent people in quietism.
In the autumn of 20 years (1225), Genghis Khan returned to Mongolian grassland after seven years of western expedition. Muqali, commander-in-chief of Xixia, swallowed their anger and died. Genghis Khan insisted on personal expedition to Xixia regardless of his 64-year-old age. I was injured in hunting on the way and had a high fever, but I still didn't retreat. King Xixia was forced to send an envoy to surrender.
Genghis Khan was critically ill and recuperated in Liupanshan, leaving three famous wills. In the autumn of the twenty-second year of Taizu (1227), Genghis Khan died in Qingshui County near Liupanshan.
Although he failed to forget Xixia and even conquer the Central Plains in his lifetime, he left a general plan for future generations to destroy Xia and Jin.
Special Funeral After Genghis Khan died, his descendants held a very special funeral for him and buried special figures in world history. He didn't leave a mausoleum or tripod, but inserted a 30-mile arrow around the grave and sent heavy troops to guard the forbidden area. More than 700 years have passed, and the location of Chengling has become a mystery. However, his unremitting struggle, constant struggle, brilliant, sweeping the army, attracted the attention of the Chinese nation and people in many countries, and was named "the great man of the Millennium." It is because of his unremitting struggle and constant struggle that he unified the Mongolian grasslands with numerous tribes, initially ended the separatist regime in northern China, and laid the foundation for the reunification of China. Genghis Khan is a hero who unifies the Chinese nation!