Not far from Pengshan, you can reach Jiangkou Town by crossing Minjiang Bridge to Peng Zu. Follow Wulichang Street in Hekou to the confluence of Fuhe River and Nanhe River, and the river surface is extremely wide. There is a famous site here, with only the river surface and no remains, that is, the site of Shenyintai of Zhang Qianchuan:
On the side of binjiang road, there are five tall and straight ginkgo trees. Here, it is the famous Jiangkou Cliff Tomb Museum, also called Pengshan Hana Tomb Museum.
1941At the beginning of May, the Chuankang Historical Relics Investigation Team, which was composed of the Institute of History and Language of Academia Sinica, the Preparatory Office of the National Central Museum, and the Chinese Architectural Society (Liang Sicheng was then the director of the French Group of the Society), went upstream from Lizhuang, Yibin, Sichuan, and arrived at Pengshan along the Minjiang River. 14 In June, the investigation team began to excavate Jiangkou Cliff Tomb, and all the work was completed on February 9, 1942/kloc-0. * * * 76 cliff tombs, 2 brick tombs and 7 pit tombs were cleared, and hundreds of pottery figurines were unearthed. Later, Nanjing Museum compiled and published a book "Cliff Tomb of Han Dynasty in Pengshan, Sichuan", which caused great shock in Chinese and foreign archaeological circles.
Cliff tomb is a popular form of tomb in Han dynasty, and it is a bionic human residence with carved mountain as its room. "The History of the Later Han Dynasty Feng Yanchuan" contains: "Cutting cliff stones makes room for Xi, and Tolaiwen raises immortals." This is the earliest cliff tomb record in the literature. In the Tang and Song Dynasties, because of its long history, people didn't know at that time that the cliff tomb was attached as the "immortal cave house" for cultivating immortality and alchemy. Lu You, a great poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, pointed out that the cliff tomb is "the place where those who study the ancient ways hide Dan", so the cliff tomb is covered with mysterious and magical colors.
Jiangkou Cliff Tomb is dug in the mountains, with dense distribution, various forms, exquisite stone carvings, rich unearthed cultural relics, high grade and far-reaching connotation.
There are six types of tombs in Jiangkou Cliff Tomb, including boat tombs, vertical tombs with horizontal chambers, brick tombs with rock chambers, patio tombs and irregular tombs, and they are also divided into single-chamber, double-chamber and three-chamber tombs. Structurally, these cliff tombs are all composed of tombs, tombs and tombs.
The entrance of the tomb is about 20 meters, and there is a socket drain pipe beside the road. The entrance to the tomb is a imitation of the entrance to the first house, with four floors of lintels, gorgeous and colorful. Not only are the carvings on the lintel of each floor different in shape, but the carvings on the three tomb doors are also different. Some decorated jade eaves and arches, some carved Jiahe Cao Rui, some carved auspicious animals, and some carved cabaret musicians. Graves are clear and wide, but some are cool and wet. It is said that people in the Han Dynasty pay attention to health preservation and death. They believe that through tombs, the soul will be reborn and enter the ideal world in the future.
There are wall carvings on the door of the tomb, like "totem", and there are wall carvings on both walls to show the living conditions of the deceased, including life scenes and tomb conditions.
An important feature of tombs in Han dynasty is that many tombs strive to copy and express the lifestyle of the deceased before his death. So in the cliff tomb, there are also front rooms and back bedrooms, left and right wing rooms, halls, inner rooms, kitchens, closets and so on. It truly shows the living style and habits of people in the Han Dynasty. In every tomb, there are several coffins, some are pottery coffins, some are sarcophagus, and the status of using sarcophagus is higher than that of using pottery coffins. There are also exquisite reliefs on the sarcophagus.
There are several tombs, which we will explore one by one.
Tomb 95 1, tomb 4. The pyramid-shaped mound is 9.2m long and 1.3m wide, and the wooden door is 1.65m high and 1.3m wide. The tomb is19.9m deep,1.86m wide and1.92m high. The entrance to the tomb is like the entrance to the homestead, with four-story lintels and gorgeous carvings. On the upper two floors, one is a three-liter bucket arch, and the other is two fish swimming relatively left and right. Carve a sheep's head in the middle, which means auspicious masculinity.
The left lower wall of the tomb is a double-tube kitchen and a wall kitchen. Then there are high relief stone dogs and warrior figures with swords and shields, which are the guardians of the tomb owner's wealth. On the right side of the tomb is a high relief palace roof building, with pipe tiles, slab tiles and five ridges rising high, with round ebony and square bucket under it, and a hall with high curtains under it, singing and dancing.
There are two niches and three side rooms on the left side of the tomb, with a partition wall in the middle, and each side room can hold 1~2 pottery coffins. There is a back room in the innermost part. Belongs to the family burial tomb.
? Into another grave. The faint tomb is eerie. We also entered carefully. Although it is a visit, it is a bit scary. When I entered the room, it was getting darker and darker because it was in the original state. No sooner had I photographed a corner with a camera (plus a flash) than a burst of "stinging" noise passed, which was creepy. When I lit the lamp with my mobile phone, I saw some eggs on the ground-but it turned out to be a blue bird that flew away. It's a pity that we disturbed it. However, this also shows that few people have been to this tomb.
Like treasure hunters, we gradually went deeper into it. ...
(The information comes from the introduction of scenic spots and Baidu)
(To be continued)