Calcium supplementation is also a topic that cancer patients often ask. Do tumor patients need calcium supplementation?
The daily intake of elemental calcium is 800mg for adults and 1000 1200mg for people over 50 years old. Adequate calcium intake is beneficial to obtain ideal bone peak, slow down bone loss, improve bone mineralization and maintain bone health. Nutrition survey shows that Chinese residents consume about 400mg of elemental calcium every day and need to supplement about 500 ~ 600 mg/d.
Calcium supplementation is necessary for tumor patients with calcium deficiency. Calcium supplementation can not only prevent bone pain, spinal deformation, osteoporotic fracture and other consequences caused by osteoporosis, but also help prevent bone metastasis. However, if the tumor patients with hypercalcemia are supplemented with extra calcium, it will be even worse, which may cause serious diseases such as hypertension, depression, anorexia, kidney calculi, and even ventricular fibrillation and coma. Therefore, whether tumor patients need calcium supplementation depends on whether patients are calcium deficient.
For tumor patients who have already done relevant examinations, such as blood calcium examination, bone mineral density and bone turnover markers (BTMs) and spinal imaging examination, the examination results suggest that calcium deficiency can be supplemented appropriately.
Next, everyone is concerned about how to supplement calcium scientifically.
Prompt 1 Pay attention to diet structure and reasonable diet nutrition.
(1) calcium
According to the national nutrition survey, the dietary calcium supply in China is only 400±500mg per person per day, which is only 50% of the recommended supply.
You can eat more calcium-rich foods in your daily life, such as yogurt, shrimp skin, sesame paste, tofu, soybean milk, dried fruits and so on. Green vegetables are also a good source of calcium.
When the intake of calcium in food is insufficient, calcium can also be supplemented under the guidance of a doctor. Calcium content, safety and effectiveness should be considered in the selection of calcium agent. Among them, calcium carbonate has high calcium content and high absorption rate, and is easily soluble in gastric acid. The common adverse reactions are epigastric discomfort and constipation. Commonly used calcium carbonate D3 tablets, each containing calcium carbonate 1.5g (equivalent to 600mg of calcium) and vitamin D3 125U, taken orally, each time 1 tablet, twice a day 1. During taking, patients should regularly monitor blood calcium and urine calcium concentrations to prevent hypercalcemia and hyperphosphatemia.
(2) vitamin d
Vitamin D can promote intestinal absorption of calcium, improve blood calcium level and contribute to bone mineralization. Enhance osteoblast activity and inhibit osteoblast apoptosis. It can obviously promote bone formation and prevent osteoporosis.
Sunlight exposure is the main source of vitamin D, accounting for 78% to 80% of vitamin D in the body. It is suggested that you should get enough sunshine every day. It is suggested that you spend as much as 30 minutes (depending on sunshine time, latitude, season and other factors) from 0:00 am to 3:00 pm every day, twice a week to promote the synthesis of vitamin D in the body, and try not to apply sunscreen, so as not to affect the sunshine effect. But pay attention to avoid strong sunlight, so as not to burn the skin.
Foods with high vitamin D content include marine fish, animal liver, egg yolk, cream and so on. , can be eaten in moderation.
(3) protein
Protein's influence on bone mass is twofold. Because low intake of protein will reduce the absorption of intestinal calcium and cause hyperparathyroidism, low intake of protein will reduce bone mineral density. Animal experiments have proved that insufficient intake of protein alone will lead to the decrease of bone mass and bone strength, namely osteoporosis. However, excessive intake of protein has a negative effect on calcium balance, which may increase the incidence of osteoporosis.
(4) Reasonable diet and low-salt diet
Reasonable cooking can promote the absorption of calcium and phosphorus. For example, meat is a good source of phosphorus, and green leafy vegetables are a good source of calcium. If meat and green leafy vegetables are properly matched, the ideal ratio of calcium and phosphorus can be obtained and the absorption rate of calcium and phosphorus can be improved. Don't eat spinach and amaranth containing more oxalic acid with tofu and milk rich in calcium, so as to avoid the combination of oxalic acid and calcium to form insoluble calcium salt, which will affect the absorption of calcium. Wash the vegetables first and then cut them. Don't cut them too finely. Add more water and stir fry, don't cook for too long. In addition, high-salt diet is a high-risk dietary factor for osteoporosis. Jones and others found that with the increase of dietary salt intake, urinary calcium and deoxypyridinol (DPYR) excretion also increased, which could lead to bone loss, so we should pay attention to a low-salt diet.
Tip 2: Strengthen physical exercise
Exercise can increase bone mineral density; Improve the agility, strength, posture and balance of the body and reduce the risk of falling; Exercise also helps to improve people's mental state and appetite and increase the intake of nutrients. Therefore, for cancer patients, beneficial aerobic exercise can be properly carried out, 3 ~ 4 times a week for 30 minutes each time, so as to delay the occurrence of osteoporosis and relieve symptoms.
Tip 3 Drug prevention and treatment
(1) bisphosphonate
These drugs can selectively combine with the active sites of bone resorption, inhibit osteoclast activity, reduce bone turnover, reduce bone resorption and make bone mineralization more complete, which has become one of the important means to effectively treat postmenopausal osteoporosis. The commonly used preparations are alendronate and hydroxyethyl phosphonate. In recent years, newly developed bisphosphonates, such as risedronate, ibandronate and zoledronate, can not only inhibit bone mineral loss, but also increase bone mineral content and reduce gastrointestinal adverse reactions.
(2) Chinese medicine
Chinese medicine emphasizes the prevention of disease, which is particularly important for preventing osteoporosis. Traditional Chinese medicine believes that the kidney governs the bone, produces marrow, stores essence, consolidates true yin and contains Yuanyang, which is the congenital basis. With the increase of age, the essence in the kidney changes from exuberance to decline. Modern pharmacological experiments and clinical practice have proved that Chinese medicine for tonifying kidney can regulate the growth and differentiation of bone cells, increase bone mass, and regulate the levels of calmodulin, estrogen and trace elements, thus changing the metabolism of osteoporotic bone. Therefore, drugs for tonifying kidney essence can be given based on syndrome differentiation, such as Epimedium, Eucommia ulmoides, Psoralea corylifolia, Achyranthes bidentata, Rhizoma Drynariae and so on.