At present, China is in a leading position in the field of synthetic gemstones, ranking first in the world in absolute quantity. Among them, synthetic gem, commonly known as "luminous jade", is a new artificial product invented in China, which has a long afterglow time, is an environmental-friendly luminescent material and a new health-care ornament with multiple functions. At present, this kind of gem has been listed in the national standards: the name of jewelry and jade (GB/T 16552-20 10) and the identification of jewelry and jade (GB/T 16553-20 10), although before that, people were used to it. However, because the application for national standards must be named after the main components in artificial gem's chemical formula according to international practice, that is, it should be called "strontium boroaluminate", and because it is a high-tech artificial synthesis, the word "artificial" must be added before the name, so it is called "artificial strontium boroaluminate" gem.
As the name implies, luminous gems are gems that can shine at night. They are precious because:
1. Its raw materials are very expensive rare earth elements europium and dysprosium. The value of these two elements is more than 10,000 yuan per kilogram, even 10,000 yuan. It is conceivable that the cost of raw materials alone is enough to show its nobility.
2. The production process of luminous jadeite is very complicated and belongs to the high-tech field. In short, first of all, to make luminous powder raw materials, we must
After the ingredients are finished, it can be made by calcining at a high temperature above 1400℃. Secondly, the powder raw material is further pressed into an embryo and sintered once or twice in a pressurized electric furnace at a high temperature of 1600- 1700℃ to become a jade embryo.
3. The luminous jade blank is carved, polished and polished to become a handicraft.
4, because the biggest disadvantage of luminous jade is that it is not corrosion-resistant, and it will be corroded if it is soaked in acid or alkali solution for a short time; Even if soaked in water for a long time.
Will corrode and become rough. Similarly, human sweat (slightly acidic) will also make it corrode and turn black. The function of wearing as an ornament is seriously affected.
5. In order to solve this defect, it is necessary to fire a layer of special glaze on the surface of luminous jade deep-processed products as a protective layer.
After research, this special glaze for luminous jade was developed, and the firing temperature was about 900 ~ 1000℃.
To sum up, a luminous jade product, like the legendary Laojun alchemy, was made after several high-temperature firings.
The technological process is complicated. Therefore, from a scientific point of view, luminous jade should belong to a special ceramic product with special properties.
The reason why it is called a special ceramic product with special properties can be reflected in the following points:
1, which has a very long laser exposure time: due to the use of rare earth elements unique to China as activators, the luminous jade has high initial phosphorescence afterglow intensity, stable luminescence and long luminescence time (this luminescent material is exposed to light for 24 hours, then irradiated under a fluorescent lamp with a distance of 27W for 30 minutes, and the initial brightness of the test is about 20000~ 55000 mcd/m2 after the light source is turned off. After 5 seconds, the residual brightness is 1 1570mcd/m2, the luminous time can reach more than 10 hour, and the longest visible afterglow can reach 60 ~ 70 hours. This product was patented on February 12, 2000 and obtained a patent certificate. As the inventor of this artificial gem is Mr. Hao Qinglong, and the name of the production company is "Beijing Hualong Yang Ya Science and Technology Development Co., Ltd.", the company named the luminous gem they invented as "Qinglong luminous synthetic luminous gem", referred to as "Qinglong luminous gem" for short. In July, 20001year, it passed the expert appraisal hosted by China Baoxie Artificial Products Professional Committee, and then it was put into mass production.
2. In addition to visible light (including sunlight, light, ultraviolet rays, etc.). ), heat energy can also make it glow, such as carving with luminous jade.
Our luminous cup can shine at the moment of pouring water, especially at night. It is a veritable "luminous cup".
3. The luminous jade material has been tested by the Optical Department of China Institute of Metrology with "Normal Total Emissivity Verification and Calibration System", and it is in the range of 2 ~18 μ m..
The infrared emissivity ε= 0.90 in the meter infrared band, which is a very high infrared radiation value. As we all know, infrared radiation has many good effects on human health, so it is also called "the light of life".
High infrared emissivity refers to the external energy that luminous jade can absorb in the infrared band (8 ~ 10μ m) that can be absorbed by human body.
Shoot at the human body and improve the health quality of the human body. ......
How to quickly dissolve edible thickener
Starch, carrageenan, salt, monosodium glutamate, pigment and other additives can be quickly mixed and dissolved with water by using a quick dissolving mixer. Materials and water flow roll up and down during mixing, and are sucked by the middle part of the mixing disk during the high-speed rotation of the mixing disk, and then discharged from the periphery of the mixing disk, so as to ensure that the mixed liquid can be quickly and efficiently turned over evenly in the barrel, and there is no mixing dead angle.
For example, adding xanthan gum to soy sauce: after accurately weighing xanthan gum, add it to the strongly stirred soy sauce and add it slowly bit by bit.
What is the composition of xanthan gum?
xanthan gum
Xanthan gum is also called xanthan gum and xanthan gum. It is a multifunctional biopolymer, which consists of 2.8 parts of D- mannose, 3 parts of D- mannose and 2 parts of D- glucuronic acid, and its molecules also contain acetic acid and pyruvic acid. Milky white, light yellow to light brown particles or powder, slightly smelly. Soluble in water, the aqueous solution is neutral and translucent. In the range of 0 ~ 100℃, the viscosity is 1 ~ 0.9 Pa? S viscosity is not affected by salt, protease, cellulase and pectinase.
Xanthan gum (1) is milky white, yellowish to light brown granules or powder, and slightly smelly. Soluble in water, the aqueous solution is neutral and translucent. The viscosity of low concentration aqueous solution is also very high, for example, the viscosity of 0.5% solution is 0.4 pa·s；; ; 1% solution is1pa s; ; The 2% solution is 3 ~ 4 Pa s. In aqueous solution, the side chains of xanthan gum molecules are tightly wrapped by cellulose primary bonds, so xanthan gum solution has strong acid resistance, alkali resistance, biological enzyme degradation resistance and heat resistance, so its viscosity is not affected by pH value (in the range of 4 ~ 10) and temperature change. In the range of 0 ~ 100℃, its viscosity is1~ 0.9 pa s, which is not affected by protease, cellulase and pectinase. In aqueous solution, the side chain of xanthan gum molecules is negatively charged, which has a strong ability to bind cations, so that cations cannot act on the main chain. Therefore, the viscosity of xanthan gum solution is not affected by salt. When the temperature is constant, under the action of mechanical force, the reversible changes of sol and gel occur. Stirring can reduce the viscosity of the sol. Rise again when standing (Newtonian plasticity). Xanthan gum can be dissolved in various acid solutions, such as 5% sulfuric acid, 5% nitric acid, 5% acetic acid, 10% hydrochloric acid and 25% phosphoric acid. These xanthan gum acid solutions are quite stable at room temperature and remain unchanged for several months. Xanthan gum can also be dissolved in sodium hydroxide solution, which has thickening property, and the viscous solution formed is very stable at room temperature. Xanthan gum can be degraded by strong oxidants, such as perchloric acid and persulphuric acid, and the degradation is accelerated with the increase of temperature.
(2) Performance The viscosity of xanthan gum aqueous solution is almost unaffected by temperature, pH and salts, and it is a good food thickener. Xanthan gum sol molecules can form super-bonded ribbon spiral aggregates and fragile gel-like network structure, so they can support the shapes of solid particles, droplets and bubbles, showing strong emulsion stability and high suspension ability. The viscosity below the boiling point is basically unchanged. However, in the 120℃ sterilizer, the viscosity will drop by 98%, and it will return to 80% of the viscosity before cooking after cooling, and the viscosity of xanthan gum solution will be stable at 80℃.
Xanthan gum can be mixed with thickener such as sodium alginate and starch, so it can be used. It has synergistic effect with carrageenan, locust bean gum and guar gum. When used together with carrageenan, it can improve elasticity, and when glued with locust bean gum or guar gum, it can improve viscosity.
(3) Toxic mice were given LD50 > 10g/kg orally. According to FAO/ WHO (1985), ADI was 0 ~ 0.05438+0g/kg. 1987 The Joint FAO/WHO Committee on Food Additives decided that ADI did not make any special regulations.
(4) Using sucrose, glucose or corn syrup as carbon source and hydrolyzed protein as nitrogen source, adding calcium salt, a small amount of potassium hydrogen phosphate, magnesium sulfate and water to make a culture medium, adjusting the pH value to 6.0-7.0, adding 1%-5% Xanthomonas inoculum, and culturing for 50- 100. After sterilization, extract with an organic solvent such as ethanol or isopropanol, or separate from the culture solution by precipitation with a high-valent metal salt.
(5) Xanthan gum is applied to bread and cakes. Because it is stable to high temperature, the baked food can maintain a certain humidity, thus improving the quality of food. After xanthan gum is mixed with sediment, it can prevent starch deformation of baked food, thus delaying the aging of food and prolonging its storage period and shelf life. The dosage is 0.5% ~ 1%. Yellow rice can be mixed with starch, jam, pigment and essence to make stuffing for baking snacks, which will not shrink due to dehydration. Xanthan gum (combined with guar gum and Sophora bean gum) can stabilize products in ice cream and dairy products. The dosage is 0. 1% ~ 0.25%. Xanthan gum, locust bean gum and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose can be used in combination to stabilize yogurt produced from directly acidified milk. Xanthan gum is added into the beverage, ......
What exactly is "xanthan gum" added to fruit juice?
Xanthan gum, also known as xanthan gum and Xanthomonas polysaccharide, is a monospora polysaccharide produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa fermentation. Xanthomonas campestris, with carbohydrate as the main raw material, cut off the 1, 6- glycoside bond, open the branched chain, and then synthesize the straight chain according to the 1, 4- bond by aerobic fermentation bioengineering technology. Xanthan gum is soluble in cold water and hot water, and has high viscosity, high acid resistance, alkali resistance, salt resistance, high thermal stability, suspension and thixotropy. Commonly used as thickener, emulsifier, suspending agent and stabilizer, it has a broad market prospect and is widely used in daily chemical, oil production, coating, food, medicine, oil production, textile, ceramics, printing and dyeing and other fields. Xanthan gum, known as "industrial monosodium glutamate", is the largest microbial polysaccharide produced in the world and widely used. Xanthan gum is tasteless, odorless and safe to use. Adding 0. 1%-0.3% to fruit juice beverage can thicken the suspension, make it smooth in taste and natural in flavor.
What's in the konjac flour?
Konjac is another name for konjac. It tastes crisp, and the soup of chicken wings becomes smooth and tender, which is more delicious than cooking it as a green vegetable.
Classification of silicon micropowder
Silicon micropowder can be divided into ordinary silicon micropowder, electrical grade silicon micropowder, electronic grade silicon micropowder, fused silicon micropowder, ultrafine silicon micropowder and spherical silicon micropowder. 1. Ordinary silicon micropowder is mainly used in epoxy resin castable, potting material, electrode protective layer, metal casting, ceramics, silicone rubber, coatings and other chemical industries. 3. Electrical grade silicon micropowder is mainly used for insulation casting of common electrical equipment, insulation casting of high-voltage electrical equipment, injection material for APG process, epoxy potting material, advanced ceramic glaze, etc. 3. Electronic grade silicon micropowder is mainly used for plastic packaging and packaging of integrated circuits and electronic components. 4. The raw material used for melting seasonal micro-powder with molten silicon micro-powder is amorphous silicon dioxide, which is melted at medium and high temperature in natural seasonal, cooled and processed through multiple processes. The product has high purity, low thermal expansion coefficient, low internal stress, high humidity resistance and low radioactivity. It is mainly used in chemical fields such as plastic packaging materials, epoxy castable and potting materials for large-scale and ultra-large-scale integrated circuits. 5. Ultrafine silicon powder is mainly used for precision casting of coatings, paints, engineering plastics, adhesives, rubber and advanced ceramics. Spherical silicon micropowder Spherical silicon micropowder is a kind of high-strength, high-hardness and inert spherical particles made of high-quality timely raw ore through a unique process. Its main component, silica, has a content of over 99.6%, a density of 2.65, a Mohs hardness of 7, a fineness of 325-5,000 meshes and a whiteness of 70-94. High-quality "spherical" silicon micropowder has extremely low oil absorption rate, mixed viscosity and friction coefficient. Compared with other angular quartz powder (silicon micropowder), it has a unique spherical structure, good powder fluidity and small angle of repose formed by powder accumulation, so it is compact when mixed with organic polymer materials, which enhances the strength of the green body. It is easy to disperse and mix evenly, which can obviously increase the fluidity of materials. Mainly used in coatings, epoxy floors, silicone rubber, etc. , greatly reducing the cost and significantly improving the processability of the mixed materials. Silica micropowder can be divided into: silica micropowder for paints and coatings, silica micropowder for epoxy floors, silica micropowder for rubber, silica micropowder for sealants, silica micropowder for electronic and electrical plastic packaging materials, silica micropowder for precision ceramics, silica micropowder for paints and coatings with 600-2,500 meshes: >: 99.5% whiteness: 70-94 degrees hardness: 7 (Mohs hardness), low oil absorption, low mixed viscosity, and low viscosity. 4. Mesh of silicon powder for epoxy floor: 600- 1250 mesh, silica: & gt99% whiteness: 70-94 degree hardness: 7 (Mohs hardness), low viscosity, good fluidity, good accumulation, easy compaction and easy combination with epoxy resin. Compared with the traditional silicon micropowder, it can save the amount of epoxy resin. 13. silicon powder for rubber mesh: 1250-5000 mesh silica: & gt99.5% whiteness: > 70-94 degree hardness: 7 (Mohs hardness) (1). Application in wear rubber Products wear rubber products include rubber sheets, pipes, belts and rollers. These products require good permeability and strong adhesion of rubber compound. The experimental results show that the rubber compound filled with silica micropowder fully embodies the unique properties of thin rubber compound, good air permeability, good dispersibility and strong adhesion, which is beneficial to the friction of rubber compound on canvas and strengthens the film and canvas. ⑵. Application in silicone rubber products: extremely low water content and good insulation; The maximum particle size is less than 5μm, and it has certain reinforcement performance. 3. Mesh number of silicon powder for sealant: 1250 mesh SiO 2:& gt；; 99.5% whiteness: > 80-94 degrees hardness: 7 (Mohs hardness). The water content of the treated silicon micropowder is less than 0.65438 0%. When used as sealant, it can improve the adhesive strength, yield value and shear dilution index of colloid. It has the functions of thickening, strengthening, tearing resistance and aging resistance. ⒌ Mesh of silicon micro-powder for electronic and electrical plastic packaging materials: 600-5000 mesh; Silica: > 99.5% whiteness: > 90 degree hardness: 7 (Mohs hardness) Quasi-spherical silicon micro-powder used for epoxy resin insulating packaging materials can greatly increase the filling amount, reduce the viscosity of the mixture system, improve the processability, improve the permeability of the mixture, and reduce the expansion coefficient of the cured product and the shrinkage rate in the curing process. 6. Fine silica powder for precision ceramics: 5000 mesh silica: & gt99 .......
What are shear viscosity and shear thinning? What is the proportion of HEUR and HASE used for thickening latex paint to achieve good condition?
Hello!
1, xanthan gum is tasteless and odorless, and its application safety is strong.
2. High viscosity: Compared with other polysaccharide solutions, even low concentration will produce high viscosity. The viscosity of 1% aqueous solution is equivalent to 100 times that of gelatin, and it can be used as a good thickener and stabilizer.
3. Unique rheology: under the shearing action, the viscosity of the solution will drop rapidly, and once the shearing action is lifted, the viscosity of the solution will recover immediately. This characteristic makes foods such as ice cream, ham sausage, fruit juice, vegetable protein drinks and baked goods have a good taste. This characteristic also makes xanthan gum widely used in oil drilling and exploitation.
4. Good thermal stability, keeping its unique function in a large temperature range (-18- 130℃), and it is a good auxiliary material for making frozen food and baked food.
5, acid-base stability, its viscosity is basically unaffected by acid and alkali, and its original characteristics can be maintained within the range of P H value 1~ 12, thus making it widely used.
6. It has strong anti-oxidation and anti-enzymolysis effects, even in the presence of sodium hypochlorite, hydrogen peroxide and bioactive enzymes. 7. It has a wide range of compatibility. It can produce beneficial synergy with the mixture of guar gum and Sophora bean gum. This structural adhesive will produce gel under certain conditions.
8, with high concentration of salt, sugar * * *, still maintain a stable thickening system.
9. Good suspension for insoluble solid particles and oil droplets.
10, microwave stability. The formed stable system will not affect its performance even if it is frozen and thawed in microwave oven.
1 1. Xanthan gum is an anionic polymer and has some applications in polymer graft copolymerization.
[Edit this paragraph] Addition amount of xanthan gum application
Product dosage (%) is valid.
0. 1-0.3 fruit juice beverage has thickening suspension effect, smooth taste and natural flavor.
Ice cream 0. 1-0.3 has no ice, which shortens the aging time and makes the product structure delicate.
Basic soy sauce and oyster sauce 0.05-0. 1 have good salt tolerance and increased consistency, and are suitable for making sauces, enhancing wall hanging and adhesion.
0. 1-0.2 frozen sweets combine with water to produce consistency and fineness to prevent dehydration.
Baked food 0.5- 1.5 fruit filling molding, suitable for all kinds of fillings.
0.5- 1.5 gel, sweet gel, seasoning and jelly molding.
Soft drink 0.0 1-0.3 suspending agent, foaming assistant, non-delamination, thickening.
Salad dressing 0. 1-0.3 is beneficial to molding and prevents water separation.
Instant noodles 0.2-0.3 can increase toughness, improve chewing feeling, save oil consumption and keep moisture.
Sausage 0.2-0.3 is beneficial to shaping, improving * * *, and retaining water and oil.
Canned meat 0. 1-0.2 is convenient for seasoning and frozen soup.
Cheese 0.2-0.5 can accelerate pore coagulation and prevent dehydration and contraction.
Cake 0. 1-0.3 increases micropore and softness, and prolongs shelf life.
Bread 0. 1-0.2 is soft, which is most suitable for black bread containing crude fiber.
0.2-0.4 dehydrated food can accelerate recovery and maintain color and taste.
0.2- 1.0 styling agent, suspending agent and moisturizing agent for medicine and cosmetics, with thickening, adhesion and lubrication functions.
0.4-0.6 Toothpaste is easy to form toothpaste paste, which improves the brushing performance of toothpaste, has good dispersibility and smooth taste.
0. 1-0.3 of pet can makes minced meat easy to solidify and shape.
0.5-2.0 binder for fish and shrimp feed, used for fish and shrimp fry feed and fish medicine.
0.2-0.4 in petroleum industry is the best drilling mud stabilizer because of its good flow deformability.
Cut tobacco 0. 1-0.3, tobacco perfume emulsion and moisturizing adhesive, suitable for tobacco flakes.
Printing and dyeing 0.5- 1.5 vehicle and binder, which is convenient for pigment dispersion, coloring and color enhancement.
Ceramic 0.3- 1.0 is suitable for suspension stabilizer of ceramic glaze.
Pesticide 0. 1-0.3 is suitable for pesticide colloidal suspension and various aqueous solutions with good stability.
0.2-0.3 of water-soluble coating is suitable for water-soluble coating and latex paint, with good stability and easy spraying.
Other food industries 1.0-2.0 have good toughness and luster, and are not broken or peeled.
[Edit this paragraph] Usage
Xanthan gum is completely dissolved in most water-based systems, but it is made of ......
What are the new materials developed in the field of sensors?
Include semiconductor silicon and timely crystal materials, functional ceramic materials, optical fiber materials, polymer materials and the like. Among them, semiconductor silicon includes monocrystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon, optical fiber materials, polymer materials and so on. Among them, semiconductor silicon includes monocrystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon, amorphous silicon, etc. Which have excellent electrical and mechanical properties compatible with each other; Time-sensitive crystal materials include piezoelectric time-sensitive crystal and melting time-sensitive crystal, which have extremely high mechanical quality factor and excellent temperature stability. Functional ceramic materials are made by mixing different formulations and high-precision molding and sintering, which not only has the characteristics of semiconductor materials, but also works at a much higher temperature than semiconductors. Optical fiber materials are developed with optical fiber technology. Optical fiber sensor has the characteristics of high sensitivity, simple structure, small volume, low power consumption, corrosion resistance, good insulation and flexible optical path. Polymer material refers to a high molecular weight (usually up to 10 ~ 106) compound composed of many identical and simple structural units repeatedly connected by valence bonds. It has flocculation, adhesion, resistance reduction and thickening, and can be made into humidity sensor.
I am going to decorate the house, and I have no experience. Give me some advice.
It is most important to find a good decoration company when decorating a house. Looking for the wrong decoration company will lead to endless troubles. When choosing a decoration company, don't trust advertisements. The biggest problem in the decoration industry is the proliferation of false advertisements, and many owners are deceived because they believe in advertisements.
Want to know which decoration company is better? I suggest you consult the local interior decoration industry association to find out which decoration companies are really excellent enterprises. Trade associations know the situation best and can recommend it to you.
How to choose a home improvement company? The following aspects can be used for your reference-
First, the selection of home improvement companies should at least examine the following aspects:
Professional level, reliability and reputation of the company.
Second, where can I find a reliable home improvement company?
If you are not sure which company to contact. You have several options:
1, introduced by friends; 2. Consult relevant information on the Internet, such as relevant columns of various websites; 3, go to the home improvement market (exhibition) to find out, there are many companies concentrated there; 4. Check the relevant pages in newspapers and magazines, where there are many advertisements of related companies ... As for which companies are really credible, it is necessary to investigate them in detail. Moreover, the capabilities of different construction teams in the same company may vary greatly, so even if the company is credible, it is necessary to know more about the construction team.
Third, what is the significance of visiting the model house?
Many home improvement companies will provide a visit to their completed model houses, but this is only a "model" that home improvement companies invite consumers to visit. I believe that the production of these "samples" has reached a certain level. But the copy of the "sample" is not necessarily out of shape, because the construction level of different construction teams of the same company may be completely different. Therefore, instead of taking this opportunity to inspect the construction quality, it is better to take this opportunity to visit home design.
Fourth, how to inspect the professional level of the decoration company?
This can be seen from the qualification certificate of the decoration company. However, on the other hand, some decoration companies are contractors or small companies under the names of some big companies. Although they can produce a certificate with a high level of qualification, just looking at the level of qualification does not explain their true level. It is very important to inspect the decoration company comprehensively. Specifically, it is to understand the company's situation from all angles. The most important aspect is the designer's design ability. Through talking with designers, we can understand and watch designers' previous works. The quality of each construction team in the company is good. When there is no more convenient and fair method for the time being, it is best to find consumers who have accepted the construction of a construction team.
5. What preparations need to be made before negotiating with the decoration company?
Before negotiating with the decoration company, if the necessary preparations are not made, the negotiation may not go on because of insufficient information; On the contrary, adequate preparation will enable you to negotiate efficiently and clearly. Therefore, we have summarized the following items for you:
1. Detailed floor plan with dimensions, preferably issued by the official (property and other departments); 2. Initially determine the function of each room, leave the undecided to the designers for discussion, and try to unify their thoughts with their families on these issues; 3. Analyze your own economic situation and determine the decoration budget according to your own economic ability. Key considerations: the cost of decoration, the cost of replacing furniture, sanitary ware, kitchen utensils and lamps, and the cost of paying to the property management department.
Six, how to use the contract to safeguard their own interests?
The most annoying thing that may be encountered in home decoration is the service that the construction party does not promise in advance. But if consumers don't have enough evidence, they are often unclear about this issue. Therefore, the material purchase order must be clearly filled in the contract. The name, brand, quality grade, quantity, entry time and acceptance requirements of the materials shall be included. After doing this, consumers will sign for the materials sent to the site in strict accordance with the time stipulated in the contract, and there will be no more disputes in this regard in the future. At the same time, the contract stipulates that consumers themselves will pay enough attention to the contract and will not delay the construction of the construction party.
Seven, how not to lose money on the contract?
The home improvement contract shall adopt the model contract filed by the Industrial and Commercial Bureau. The content of this contract is very comprehensive, and the problems that are easy to occur in family decoration are basically covered. Both decoration parties can carefully understand and fill in this contract, which guarantees the rights and interests of both parties. Drawing elements must be complete. Home decoration and construction projects often include many non-standard projects. For these projects, the contract should include the necessary drawings. But there are drawings in many contracts, but there are still problems. The cause is great. ......