Knowledge of hyperlipidemia (how to prevent hyperlipidemia scientifically) 1. How to prevent hyperlipidemia scientifically
It is of great significance to cultivate good living habits, achieve the goal of scientific prevention of hyperlipidemia, and quit smoking and limit alcohol.
It is found that the incidence and mortality of coronary heart disease of smokers (smoking more than 20 cigarettes a day) are 2~6 times that of non-smokers, and are directly proportional to the number of cigarettes smoked every day. One of the reasons is related to the increase of serum total cholesterol and triglyceride levels and the decrease of high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in smokers.
Moderate drinking can significantly increase serum high density lipoprotein and decrease serum low density lipoprotein level. Therefore, moderate drinking can reduce the prevalence of coronary heart disease.
But heavy drinking may not cause obvious hyperlipidemia, but most long-term drinkers have hyperlipidemia. Because of the increase in alcohol consumption, it is easy to cause excess heat energy and lead to obesity. At the same time, alcohol can be converted into acetic acid in the body, which slows down the oxidation of free fatty acids (competitive oxidation), fatty acids synthesize triglycerides in the liver, and the secretion of very low density lipoprotein also increases.
Some people are very adaptable. When the secretion of very low density lipoprotein increases, the clearance of triglycerides also increases. Therefore, after several weeks of continuous drinking, the serum triglyceride level can return to normal. Others have poor adaptability, and severe hyperlipidemia will occur if they drink a lot of alcohol for a long time.
Therefore, in order to prevent hyperlipidemia and live a healthy life, we must quit smoking and limit alcohol.
2. What is hyperlipidemia
When people reach middle age, the pressure in all aspects of work and life is relatively high, the pace of life is fast, and there are many social activities. How can they have time to participate in physical exercise? Coupled with the increase in the intake of high-fat and high-cholesterol substances in the diet, they unconsciously began to "gain weight" and were seriously overweight. They often suffer from physical exhaustion, asthma, inattention, memory loss, frequent dizziness and insomnia ... The above symptoms sound an alarm for your health.
Hyperlipidemia is a common disease among middle-aged and elderly people, but with people paying less attention to diet, hyperlipidemia has also begun to threaten the health of young people. The increase of blood lipid, especially blood cholesterol, is not only one of the main causes of atherosclerotic cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, but also has obvious relationship with the onset of ischemic heart disease, which should be paid attention to.
Meet hyperlipidemia again. At present, hyperlipidemia has been recognized by the world medical community as the "culprit" leading to atherosclerosis and various cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Lipids contained in human plasma are called blood lipids, which are mainly composed of cholesterol, triglycerides, phospholipids and free fatty acids. These esters are essential nutrients for human body.
However, if there is too much blood lipid, lipid metabolism will be disordered, blood viscosity will increase, and lipid substances will be deposited on the intima of blood vessels, gradually forming small "plaques", which is called "atherosclerosis" in medicine. These plaques increase and enlarge, gradually blocking blood vessels, narrowing the lumen of blood vessels and poor blood circulation. If the arteries of vital organs are insufficient, it will lead to serious consequences.
Usually serious is cardiovascular and cerebrovascular atherosclerosis, which can cause coronary heart disease, angina pectoris, cerebral thrombosis, stroke and so on. , even life-threatening. The incidence of hyperlipidemia patients is mainly due to dietary problems, of which excessive salt intake is a major incentive.
Why is this? Excessive salt intake, which contains sodium ions and chloride ions, will increase the differences inside and outside the cell and cause cell swelling. Imagine that if the cells of blood vessels expand and fight, the inner wall of blood vessels will become smaller, which will lead to an increase in blood pressure, while the narrowing of the inner wall of blood vessels will easily lead to lipid accumulation in blood vessels, which will also lead to an increase in blood pressure and affect health.
The high incidence of hyperlipidemia includes obese people and people with bad eating habits (such as people who smoke and drink too much and like a high-sugar high-salt high-fat diet). Most obese people will have hyperlipidemia because of the disorder of fat metabolism.
The fat metabolism of obese people is characterized by the increase of plasma free fatty acids, and the general increase of blood lipid components such as cholesterol, triglyceride and total fat. Explain the disorder of fat metabolism.
The plasma cholesterol level of obese people is 5. More than 2 mmol/L can account for 55%.
8%。 After men are 60 years old and women are 50 years old, the plasma cholesterol level will increase significantly.
When suffering from obesity, the mobilization and utilization of free fatty acids decrease, the free fatty acids in the blood accumulate and the blood lipid capacity increases. Patients with hypertriglyceridemia caused by carbohydrates are prone to obesity.
When such patients eat more carbohydrates or are normal, plasma triglycerides increase; While reducing carbohydrate intake, hyperlipidemia can turn around or even disappear. Similarly, losing weight can also reduce the plasma triglycerides of these patients to normal levels.
The increase of plasma cholesterol and triglyceride is directly proportional to the degree of obesity. Reducing blood lipid level is of great significance to prevent atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease.
So it is necessary for obese people to control their diet and lose weight. In addition, lack of exercise is also an important factor leading to hyperlipidemia. The relationship between exercise and health is close. You need to consume nutrients in your body during exercise, and long-term aerobic exercise will consume the accumulated fat in your body, which is why so many people lose weight successfully through long-term exercise.
The reason for fat accumulation is that these accumulated fats cannot be consumed by normal metabolism. What are the methods of metabolism? First, normal metabolism, food intake, the nutrients that the human body needs every day are basically fixed, so excess nutrients will be converted into fat and piled up.
Second, there is no food intake, and metabolic fat provides the energy needed by the human body. The third is exercise metabolism, which requires a lot of energy, so it is easy to consume the accumulated fat in the body.
3. What are the problems that patients with hyperlipidemia must know?
Hyperlipidemia 1: Is hyperlipidemia edible? Is it not easy for thin people to get hyperlipidemia? The correct answer is that hyperlipidemia is indeed closely related to diet, because most of the triglycerides in blood lipids are obtained from diet.
When eating a lot of fatty food, the level of triglyceride in the body increases obviously; If you eat too much carbohydrates, especially finely processed grains, it will also lead to an increase in blood sugar, and then more triglycerides will be synthesized. Fat people have a good appetite, eat a lot and don't like sports very much, so they are more likely to get hyperlipidemia.
But this does not mean that thin people are not easy to get hyperlipidemia. Most of the cholesterol in blood lipids comes from endogenous production, so the increase of cholesterol is not entirely related to diet, but also has a great relationship with human genes and individual differences. Even if thin people don't eat much, if they synthesize too much, they will raise blood lipids, especially cholesterol.
Therefore, hyperlipidemia is not completely eaten, but also related to genetic and individual differences. The probability of thin people getting hyperlipidemia is not small. Hyperlipidemia problem 2: Is the blood viscosity high? There is no clinical saying that blood is sticky. This is a popular saying that ordinary people have elevated blood lipids, which is equivalent to blood viscosity. The main factors affecting blood viscosity are: blood cell factors, such as the number, size and shape of blood cells, erythrocyte deformability and platelet function.
Hyperlipidemia problem 3: Does eating health care products really help to lower blood lipids? The correct answer needs to be clear: when blood lipids rise, you must take lipid-lowering drugs according to your doctor's advice, and don't worry too much about the side effects of lipid-lowering drugs. Health care products can't replace medicines, and you need to consult a doctor before deciding whether to take them.
Many patients with hyperlipidemia like to control their blood lipids through dietotherapy, such as drinking a cup of hemp ecological tea in the morning and evening, which is also possible, but it must be on the premise of insisting on taking medicine. Hyperlipidemia problem 4: How long can I stop taking drugs after normal blood lipids? For normal people with only hyperlipidemia and no other risk factors, after taking lipid-lowering drugs, they can stop using lipid-lowering drugs for a period of time on the basis of adhering to a healthy lifestyle such as reasonable diet and appropriate exercise, and regularly review the blood lipid indicators.
However, if there are other diseases at the same time, such as coronary heart disease, diabetes, cerebrovascular disease, hypertension, or people with risk factors such as obesity and smoking, lipid-lowering drugs must not stop. Hyperlipidemia Problem 5: Are the lipid-lowering standards the same for different groups of people? The correct answer is really different.
The normal values on the general laboratory sheet are aimed at the normal population, but if there are smoking, obesity, hypertension, diabetes, cerebrovascular diseases, etc., the goal of blood lipid control should be determined according to the specific situation and the risk of the disease.
4.
In daily life, some people are confused about their sudden myocardial infarction. They think they can eat and drink normally without any discomfort in their daily life. How can such a serious coronary heart disease suddenly occur? In fact, as long as we do a detailed examination, we can find that many of them have high blood lipids, and hyperlipidemia is one of the most important causes of coronary heart disease in the medical field.
"Hidden killer"-hyperlipidemia is a slow and gradually aggravated hidden process. Hyperlipidemia itself has no obvious symptoms, and it is difficult to be found without blood lipid examination.
It is worth noting that many patients with hyperlipidemia think that they have no symptoms or uncomfortable feelings, so they take an indifferent attitude, ignore the treatment of lowering blood fat, and do not pay attention to scientific diet and exercise in their daily lives. If hyperlipidemia is allowed to develop naturally and is not controlled, once the condition worsens, the damage caused is often irreversible. Foods high in fat and cholesterol can easily cause hyperlipidemia. Generally, young people around the age of 20 can already form lipid deposits, and some children even start from the age of ten. This deposit is medically known as atherosclerotic plaque.
After more than ten years or decades, due to the long-term accumulation of atherosclerotic plaques, the absorption of nutrients by arterial blood vessels is blocked, and the nutritional status of arterial blood vessels is getting worse and worse, which makes arterial blood vessels gradually harden, become brittle, narrow and lose elasticity. This adverse effect can also cause or aggravate hypertension. When more than 50% of the cross-sectional area of the artery is squeezed, the symptoms of insufficient blood supply to the cardiovascular and cerebrovascular systems begin to appear, such as dizziness, headache, heartburn, and suffocation.
When the cross-sectional area of arterial blood vessel is blocked more than 80%, it can be considered that this blood vessel is completely blocked, and the serious consequences are stroke, myocardial infarction and even cardiac death. It is precisely because hyperlipidemia is quietly and gradually devouring life that people call it a "hidden killer".
The prevention and treatment of hyperlipidemia should start with daily drip. In view of the high incidence and great harm of hyperlipidemia, but the early symptoms are not obvious, we should be prepared for danger in times of peace and try our best to eliminate hidden dangers in the bud. In other words, the combination of prevention and elimination focuses on prevention; Disease-free prevention aggravates disease prevention.
For patients with hyperlipidemia, there are roughly the following aspects: pay attention to diet. Starting with the adjustment of diet structure, in short, patients with hyperlipidemia should pay attention to "one balance" and "five principles" in their diet.
"A balance" means a balanced diet: many people are completely vegetarian and partial to food after suffering from hyperlipidemia, which is a misunderstanding and very harmful to their health. We should get various nutrients from the diet in a proper proportion, and we can balance the diet according to the dietary guidelines of China residents.
The "Five Principles" include a diet low in calories, cholesterol, fat, sugar and fiber. Low calorie: control the calories in the diet to achieve and maintain the ideal weight.
The so-called ideal weight is usually expressed by "body mass index". Its calculation formula is: body mass index = weight (kg)/[ height (m) ]2, and its ideal value is 18.
5-24。 9。
Weight over 65438+ 00% of ideal weight means overweight, and weight over 20% of ideal weight means obesity. Low cholesterol: the total daily intake should be less than 300 mg, and now many people often exceed the standard in their diet.
Taking the dietary structure of Beijingers as an example, the average cholesterol intake is 4 12. Four milligrams.
Therefore, we should eat less foods with high cholesterol, such as animal offal, animal brain, egg yolk, cuttlefish, crab roe and crab paste. Low fat: try to eat less foods containing saturated fatty acids, including animal foods such as fat, cream, lard, butter and skin; Edible oil should contain more unsaturated fatty acids, such as soybean oil, corn oil, safflower seed oil, sunflower seed oil, olive oil, peanut oil and tea oil. In addition, fish and beans contain less saturated fatty acids, so we can consider replacing other meats as the source of protein.
Low sugar: Eat less drinks or sweets with high sugar content, such as cakes, chocolates and ice cream. High fiber: eat more fiber-rich foods, such as beans, oats, mushrooms, leeks, celery and other fruits and vegetables.
In addition, you can also choose some foods that can reduce blood fat, such as tea, soybean, garlic, ginger, eggplant, hawthorn, persimmon, mushroom, auricularia auricula, laver and so on. Strengthen physical exercise.
Patients with hyperlipidemia should take more physical exercise, and do aerobic exercise 2-3 times a week for more than 30 minutes each time. Physical activity can consume energy in the body, reduce the contents of cholesterol and triglyceride in plasma and increase the level of high density lipoprotein, which is helpful for treatment.
Quit smoking. Scientists have found that smoking can lead to or aggravate dyslipidemia.
The study found that the serum total cholesterol level of smokers was significantly higher than that of non-smokers. Smoking reduces the level of serum high-density lipoprotein. The higher the smoking, the lower the level of serum high-density lipoprotein.
Low-density lipoprotein exposed to smoke is easily oxidized to form oxidized low-density lipoprotein particles which are more harmful to blood vessels. Therefore, smoking is one of the main risk factors of coronary atherosclerosis, and quitting smoking as soon as possible can greatly reduce its harm.
Studies have shown that one year after quitting smoking, the risk of atherosclerosis is reduced by half, and the high-density lipoprotein in the blood can be increased to the level of non-smokers. Especially for passive smokers who have been influenced by smokers for a long time, their serum HDL level will also decrease and their total cholesterol level will also increase.
Control other diseases that may be secondary to hyperlipidemia, such as nephrotic syndrome, hepatobiliary diseases and diabetes. Regular physical examination.
For patients with hyperlipidemia or men over 40 years old, postmenopausal women or patients with hypertension and diabetes, blood lipids should be tested regularly for early prevention and treatment. It is best for middle-aged and elderly people to check their blood lipid levels once every six months or once a year in order to understand and adjust their blood lipid status in time.
Because the increase of blood lipid is a slow process, the regulation of blood lipid, especially the elimination of the adverse effects of hyperlipidemia, also needs a continuous process. Therefore, we should adopt the method that suits us according to our own different situations.
5. How to judge hyperlipidemia
Total cholesterol (TC) is less than 5.
20mmol/L(200mg/dl) is normal, higher than 5. 72mol/l (200mg/dl) is abnormal; Low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is lower than 3.
12mmol/l (120mg/dl) is normal, higher than 3. 64mmol/L( 140mg/dl is abnormal; High density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) is higher than 1.
04mmol/L(40mg/dl) is normal, lower than 0. Abnormal 91mmol/l (35 mg/dl); Triglyceride (TG) is lower than 1.
70mmol/L( 150mg/dl) was normal, higher than 1. 70mmol/L( 150mg/dl) is abnormal.
The percentile method and its scoring standard percentile method use the median of all survey data as the benchmark and other percentiles as discrete distances to score and evaluate the measurement indicators. Traditional standards are divided into four grades according to quantile 1- 100, among which P3 and P97 each account for 3%. In practical application, corresponding grade standards can be formulated according to different investigation requirements.
Diagnostic criteria of diabetes are as follows: 1997 Diagnostic criteria of diabetes proposed by American Diabetes Association: 1) Patients have symptoms of diabetes, and their blood sugar is not higher than 1 1. 1 mmol/L.
2) Fasting blood sugar ≧7. 0 mmol/L 。
3) Glucose tolerance test 2 hours blood sugar ≧ 1 1. 1 mmol/L.
Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) is still carried out according to the requirements of the World Health Organization. Patients who meet one of the above criteria are diagnosed as diabetes if they repeat the above examination another day and still meet one of the three criteria.
The above is my answer to this question, I hope it will help you.
6. What does hyperlipidemia mean?
The fatty substances in the blood are called blood lipids.
Lipids in plasma include cholesterol, triglycerides, phospholipids and non-free fatty acids. It combines with different protein in blood and exists in the form of "lipoprotein".
Cholesterol is mostly synthesized by human body, and a small part comes from diet. On the other hand, triglycerides are mainly absorbed from diet, and a small amount is synthesized by human body.
Hyperlipidemia is due to abnormal fat metabolism or operation, which makes one or more lipids in plasma higher than normal. Lipids are insoluble or slightly soluble in water, and must combine with protein to exist in the form of lipoproteins. Therefore, hyperlipidemia is usually hyperlipoproteinemia, that is, the concentration of serum lipoprotein increases.
At present, recognized hyperlipidemia includes hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia and compound hyperlipidemia with high levels of both. The standard clinical laboratory examination of hyperlipidemia includes: total cholesterol: the normal value is 2.
9-6.0 mmol/L; Triglyceride: the normal value is 0.22-1.70 MMO/L; Low density lipoprotein: the normal value is 0.78-2.2 MMO/L. If it is higher than this range, it is considered hyperlipidemia.
The etiology of hyperlipidemia can be divided into primary and secondary. Primary hyperlipidemia refers to hyperlipidemia with unknown causes, which is currently considered to be related to two major factors: environment and heredity.
Most cases are not the result of the interaction between the two. Mild and moderate dyslipidemia is mostly caused by environmental factors, and the most common reasons are high saturated fat and high cholesterol diet; Most obvious dyslipidemia is caused by genetic factors.
It has been found that the key enzymes involved in lipoprotein metabolism are LPL and LCAT, Apo such as ApoAⅰⅰ, ApoB, ApoC ⅱ, ApoC ⅲ and ApoE, and congenital abnormalities such as lipoprotein receptors such as LDL receptors are involved in lipid metabolism. The most common or definite diseases are the following three kinds of abnormal lipoprotein metabolism; ① The incidence of familial abnormal β -lipoproteinemia is110000, which is due to the special mutation of ApoE, resulting in the obstruction of the normal connection between the metabolic residues of CM and VLDL and the lipoprotein receptor.
② Familial ApoB 100 defect is due to the substitution of a single amino acid in ApoB, which prevents the normal connection between LDL and its receptor. ③ The incidence of familial hypercholesterolemia is 1/500, which is due to various mutations of LDL receptor interfering with the normal connection between lipoprotein and this receptor.
In addition, there are familial mixed hyperlipidemia and familial hypertriglyceridemia. Secondary hyperlipidemia is secondary to other diseases, such as diabetes, nephrotic syndrome, hypothyroidism, chronic obstructive liver disease (such as primary biliary sclerosis), obesity, alcoholism, pancreatitis, gout and so on.
As we all know, type I diabetes is caused by low LPL activity caused by insulin deficiency, while high hormone-sensitive lipase activity in fat leads to increased fat mobilization and decreased fat synthesis. Type ⅱ diabetes is caused by hyperinsulinemia, which leads to excessive synthesis of triglycerides. Obstructive liver disease is caused by slow bile acid excretion due to cholesterol degradation.
In addition, thiazide diuretics, progesterone and steroid hormones can also interfere with normal blood lipid metabolism and cause blood lipid disorders. The harm of hyperlipidemia is one of the main risk factors of atherosclerosis and coronary atherosclerotic heart disease.
Lowering blood lipid can reduce its incidence. According to statistics, every reduction of total cholesterol level by 65438 0% can reduce the incidence of myocardial infarction by 2%.
In addition, lowering blood lipid has been proved to slow down the progress of atherosclerotic plaque, even make it disappear, and may reduce the mortality of coronary atherosclerotic heart disease. Therefore, in recent 20 years, medical circles all over the world have attached great importance to the study of hyperlipidemia.
A large number of research data show that hyperlipidemia is a risk factor for stroke, coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction and sudden death. In addition, hyperlipidemia is also an important risk factor for hypertension, impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes.
Hyperlipidemia can also lead to fatty liver, liver cirrhosis, gallstones, pancreatitis, fundus hemorrhage, blindness, peripheral vascular diseases, claudication and hyperuricemia. Therefore, we must attach great importance to the harm of hyperlipidemia.
7. How to drink hyperlipidemia?
Hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia are the most common diseases of modern people, and many diabetic patients are accompanied by hyperlipidemia, so people usually call diabetes and hyperlipidemia sister diseases and think hyperlipidemia is the secondary disease of diabetes.
According to statistics, about 40% of diabetic patients have lipid metabolism disorder. It is characterized by an increase in triglycerides and a decrease in high density lipoprotein.
The reason why diabetes can cause blood lipids to rise is because when insulin is insufficient, the activity of lipase in the body decreases, so it is easy to raise blood lipids. On the other hand, diabetes itself is accompanied by disorder of fat, protein, water and dielectric besides disorder of sugar metabolism.
Free fatty acids are usually mobilized from fat banks, which increases the concentration of triglycerides and free fatty acids in blood. On the other hand, patients with type 2 diabetes eat too much and exercise less, which promotes the increase of lipid synthesis in the body and is also the reason for the increase of blood lipid.
Obesity with hyperlipidemia, due to the relative decrease in the number of insulin receptors, produces insulin resistance, which is easy to induce diabetes. Hyperlipidemia is also easy to cause cardiovascular and cerebrovascular complications.
So what about hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia? At present, in this respect, the most outstanding effect in the industry is the slow-release tea for daily cleaning, which is safe, pure natural, plant-green, without side effects and hormones. Easy to use, easy to carry, small package, does not occupy space; Relax, don't exercise, don't diet, and don't affect your work; It can effectively help patients to soothe the liver, expel fat and relieve alcoholism, and also has a certain health care function. In addition to using sustained-release tea for conditioning, patients should also pay attention to the following dietary points.
1. Dietary points of people with hyperglycemia: 1) Avoid sugary foods, such as candy, chocolate and cream cakes; 2) Eat coarse grains and potatoes instead of staple foods, such as oats, buckwheat, coix seed and potatoes. 3) Eat less porridge, because porridge is easy to digest and difficult to quantify, and blood sugar is easy to rise after meals; 4) Cooking oil should not exceed 25g5 per day.) Eat more vegetables that help to lower blood sugar, such as celery, cucumber, tomato, white radish, mung bean sprouts, bitter gourd and green vegetables. 6) Eat more bacteria and algae foods, such as mushrooms, straw mushrooms, Flammulina velutipes, kelp and laver. 7) Deduct the corresponding staple food when eating fruits, such as deducting 25 grams of rice when eating 150 grams of apples; 8) Don't drink water and drinks when blood sugar is unstable. 2. Dietary points of people with hyperlipidemia: 1) The daily intake of fat should not exceed 50g, and the lean meat should be between 100 ~ 150g, so it is advisable to drink skim milk; 2) The daily edible oil is about 20g. Try to choose olive oil and tea oil rich in monounsaturated fatty acids. 3) Choose foods that help to lower blood lipids, such as vegetables and fruits rich in fiber, bean products rich in phytosterol, and bacteria and algae foods rich in crude fiber.