Later, he was imprisoned for being involved in the lawsuit of his good friend Lu An. Si Mazhao, the powerful minister, was afraid of the influence of his remarks and executed him at the suggestion of Zhong Hui. After his death, his thought was greatly respected in the Eastern Jin and Southern Dynasties and became an important theory of metaphysics in Wei, Jin and Southern Dynasties. With the rise of immortal Taoism, Ji Kang himself is immortal, including the official book of Jin. His life story is mixed with many legends of monsters. But he insisted on the freedom of thought and personality, did not pursue worldly fame and fortune, and sacrificed for the pursuit of justice. Later generations regard him as one of the representatives of China traditional literati who are honest and fearless.
Character experience
family status
Ji Kang's ancestor was originally named Xi and lived in Shangyu (now Shangyu, Shaoxing, Zhejiang) in Huiji. Later, in order to avoid enemies, he moved to Luoxian County (now Suixi County, Huaibei City, Anhui Province) and changed his surname to Ji. According to some documents, Ji's family is a Confucian family. However, due to the lack of evidence, this statement has been controversial. Later scholars speculated that Ji's family made a fortune in Ji Kang's parents because they were fellow villagers with Cao Cao, Emperor Wu of Wei.
Ji Kang's father's name is Zhao Ji, and his word is Gong Yuan. He served as a consultant of Cao Wei's Grain Management Book. Ji Kang died when he was young, and Ji Kang was raised by his mother and brother. Ji Kang has two brothers. They have information to test. Among them, brother Ji is recorded in history. In the Western Jin Dynasty, he served as Yangzhou secretariat, teacher and Zong Zheng. Between him and Ji Kang, there are a series of poems, such as "Poems for Giving Brothers and Musicians to Join the Army". Ji Kang's attitude towards China's entry into WTO is completely different from Ji Kang's, which makes people guess that this difference in political stance and values has had a negative impact on their brotherly relationship. Ji Kang's other brother, who raised Ji Kang, left no name and deeds in history, and was once considered as Ji Xi [1 1]. However, according to the analysis of relevant data, scholars believe that Ji Kang's elder brother should be older than Ji Xi and die earlier, thus confirming his existence. He raised Ji Kang with his mother, which had a great influence on Ji Kang. Ji Kang also has deep feelings for him, and mentioned their kindness many times in his works such as Two Poems to Guo. Later, both he and his mother died before Ji Kang, and Ji Kang expressed his deep sorrow in Breaking Up with Mountain Juyuan and Poems about Homesickness.
Early life
Ji Kang's father died as early as when he was a baby. His mother and brother tend to spoil him and lack strict control, which makes him develop an unruly and free character. According to records, Ji Kang showed great intelligence when he was young. He did not receive orthodox Confucian education by studying with teachers or entering schools, but completed his early education through self-study, which is considered to be related to his good family and cultural environment. Ji Kang dabbled in a wide range of contents, including history, music and Laozi and Zhuangzi's theory, which had a profound influence on him later, so that he won the praise of versatility in his later years.
Ji Kang lived a comfortable life in his early years because of his rich family and the care of his brother. Although handsome and talented, he is unwilling to modify his appearance, cultivate his reputation and prepare for seeking career advancement, but leads a free and independent life. As an adult, Ji Kang married Changle Pavilion, the daughter of Cao Wei's imperial clan, and officially worshipped the doctor, then moved to Form 3. These official positions are clean and idle, and Ji Kang's activities in official positions have not left a record.
Seclusion and health preservation
Although Ji Kang has a good family background, he is not keen on being an official and seeking money, leaving no official trace. He yearned for the life in which he was born, lived in seclusion in Shanyang County, Hanoi County (now Jiaozuo City, Henan Province), made friends with Ruan Ji, Dan Tao, Liu Ling, Xiang Embroidery, Ruan Xian and Wang Rong, and created a large number of works to express his thoughts, which attracted people's attention at that time and was called "Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest".
Later, I became neighbors with Lv An and Xiang Xiu, and made a living by forging iron, so I couldn't be an official. It is also said that Ji Kang does not make a living by striking iron. At that time, General Si Mazhao wanted to hire Ji Kang as an official of his general shogunate, and he fled to Hedong County to avoid conquest. Silixiao
As for the reason why he didn't want to be an official, Ji Kang himself explained in "Breaking Up with Shan Juyuan" that he was unwilling to pursue fame and gain because he was lazy and had the ambition to live forever. Ji Kang not only advocates Taoist thought of freedom, but also believes in Taoist thought of longevity after eating. During his seclusion, he personally went up the mountain to collect herbs, intending to take health care as his lifelong career instead of choosing to be an official. Literature records his friendship with Sun Deng, Wang Lie and other hermits. He also wrote "The Theory of Health Preservation", which advocated the health preservation mode of abstinence and self-cultivation except alchemy, and was highly praised by people at that time. Zhong Wei will prepare a grand ostentation and extravagance to visit him, but he gives him the cold shoulder. Dan Tao, a good friend, recommended him to take his place. He wrote a letter to break up with Shan Juyuan, listing his "seven insufferables" and "two unavoidable", indicating his unwillingness to be an official.
Most scholars in later generations affirmed this reason, but many people still think that there are political factors that make Ji Kang choose not to be an official. One view is that it is self-protection in a bad political environment. There is also a view that he is somewhat dissatisfied with Sima's regime and does not cooperate with Sima by not being an official. There is also a view that he chose not to cooperate with Sima because he was loyal to Cao Wei.
Unique voice and behind.
Ji Kang's good friend Lu An's wife is beautiful, but Lu An's brother Lu Xun got her drunk and raped her. In a rage, Lu An wanted to report Lu Xun and told Ji Kang about it. Ji Kang, Lu Xun and Lu An all have friendship, and they knew Lu Xun before Lu An, so they advised Lu An not to expose the scandal of this family, so as to clear his reputation with the whole family. Lu Xun immediately took a solemn oath, and Lu An gave up the idea of reporting Lu Xun out of trust in Ji Kang's guarantee. However, Lu Xun was still uneasy afterwards, so he took the initiative and secretly falsely accused Lu An of being unfilial. However, because Lu An believed Lu Xun's previous oath and did not expose Lu Xun's evil deeds, he was found guilty and moved to a remote border county. Lv An wrote to Ji Kang to tell his grievances. After Ji Kang learned about it, he wrote "Break Up with Lu", broke up with Lu Xun, and resolutely came forward to testify for Lu An and redress his grievances, so he went to prison with Lu An.
Ji Kang's imprisonment immediately caused great repercussions in the society. Many heroes and celebrities expressed their willingness to go to jail with him to protest against the government's demand for the release of Ji Kang, and the relevant departments came forward to persuade him to be dismissed. 3000 students from the Imperial College jointly pleaded for him and asked him to teach in the Imperial College. However, these efforts have not yielded results. At that time, Zhong Hui, a captain favored by Si Mazhao, advised Si Mazhao that Ji Kang's political influence was great, which might threaten Sima Shi's plan to seize the world, and suggested taking this opportunity to eradicate Ji Kang. As a result, Ji Kang and Lu An were sentenced to death by citing the Spring and Autumn Case of "Confucius Tu Shao Zheng Mao".
Ji Kang reflected on his life in prison, wrote "Mourning Poems" and "Family Instructions" to warn his son Ji Shao. On the day of execution, Ji Kang looked at the shadow of the sun on the execution ground, asked his brother for a piano, and conveniently played Song Guangling San. After that, he sighed: Yuan Xiaoni wanted to learn Guangling San from me, but I never wanted to teach it. "Guangling San is now a must!" He was executed at the age of 40 in the eastern city of Luoyang.
After Ji Kang's death, Ruan Ji, one of the seven sages of bamboo forest, also died in Jingyuan in the winter of four years. Xiang embroidery, one of the seven sages of bamboo forest, accepted the call of Si Mazhao and became an official. Ji Kang's son Ji Shao was later recommended by Dan Tao as an official and later became a servant of the Jin Dynasty. He was martyred to protect Emperor Jinhui in the Eight Kings Rebellion and became a famous loyal minister in the Jin Dynasty.
Fang said, "Zhong San was punished for his dragon nature, while Ruan Gong was punished for Sima Bao. His traces are different, but his personality is the same. "
Personality achievement
music
Ji Kang is proficient in temperament, especially in playing the piano, and has written music theory works "Fu Qin" and "On Sound without Sorrow". He advocates that the essence of sound is "harmony" and harmony with heaven and earth is the highest realm of music. He believes that emotions are not musical feelings in essence, but human feelings. Ji Kang wrote "The Wind Into the Pine", and it is said that Ji Kang also wrote "Lonely Family Meeting God". There are four piano pieces of Changqing, Short Qing, Long Side and Short Side, which are collectively called "Four Seasons Square" and "Nine Square" together with "Five Chua's Square" in Cai Yong. Yang Di once regarded playing "Nine Farmers" as a condition for his official career.
literature
See: Zhengshi Literature Ji Kang's literary creation, mainly including poetry and prose. He has more than fifty poems. There are four words, five words, seven words and miscellaneous words, and the score of four words is higher. He Chao's "Selected Works" said: "The four characters are not confined to elegance, but written in the chest, higher than Pan and Lu." His four-character poems are a batch of successful works after Cao Cao. Ji Kang's poems mainly express his outlook on life, which is to pursue nature, strive for independence and reject fame and fortune. Among them, Poems for the Past describes his life experiences and ideals, and expresses great indignation at his innocence and injustice. At the end of the poem, he said, "Cai Weishan, there are caves. Yong Xiao often sings, and he supports his life. " Express your yearning for a free life. This poem is straightforward and clear-cut, and can be read together with Breaking Up with Mountain Juyuan. His poem "Giving a Scholar to Join the Army" consists of eighteen chapters, the content of which is to imagine his brother's life in the army, but his free and easy interest is Ji Kang's. The style of Ji Kang's poems, Liu Xie's Wen Xin Diao Long, was rated as "Ji Zhi Qing Jun", and he also said: "My uncle is handsome, so I am in high spirits." It highlights the close relationship between Ji Kang's poetic style and his personality temperament. Ji Kang's "Breaking Up with Shan Juyuan" claims that he is "just sick in his intestines, but if he speaks lightly, he will be angry if something happens", and so is his poem. Zhong Rong's "Shi Pin" comments on his poems as "rigorous", which also means this.
calligraphy
Ji Kang is good at calligraphy and cursive works. Its ink is "radiant and delicate in spirit" and is listed as a unique cursive script. Later generations called his calligraphy "like holding a piano and half drunk, sleeping soundly, if birds gather, people will disperse."
draw
Ji Kang Shan Dan Qing and Zhang Tang Yan Yuan's "History of Famous Paintings" contains Ji Kang's "Washing Ears and Leaving the Nest" and "Lion Shooting", which have been passed down from generation to generation and have all been lost.
Health maintenance
Ji Kang inherited Lao Zi and Zhuang Zi's idea of keeping in good health, and gained a lot of experience in practice. His health preserving theory is the first comprehensive and systematic health preserving monograph in the history of health preserving in China. Later generations such as Tao Hongjing and Sun Simiao. All of them were learned from his idea of keeping in good health. In the ten volumes of Ji, each chapter contains the theory of health preservation, and puts forward the concept of "the more famous, the more natural". During the Wei and Jin Dynasties, the study of health preservation flourished, but there were two opposing ideas at that time: one thought that cultivation could become immortal and live forever; The second is that "life and death are all decided by heaven, and half of them are not decided by people." In view of this phenomenon, Ji Kang pointed out that immortals are impossible. If they are properly cultivated, they can settle down, and Peng Zu's theory can be achieved. In his important book "The Theory of Health Preservation", taking guiding and raising people to live longer as the general argument, he put forward the following views:
First, both form and spirit are important. He illustrated the powerful effect of spirit on human body with examples, pointing out that "from this, spirit is to bones, and Judah has a monarch." Chinese medicine also believes that people are God-oriented, and the death of God means the death of form. Ji Kang grasped the root of health preservation here.
Second, health care should pay attention to one benefit, be careful of harm and carry out it in an all-round way. Ji Kang believes that everything in heaven and earth will be given different maintenance and life expectancy the day after tomorrow. Don't do it because you are young, don't do it because you are too young, take precautions for a long time, take precautions early, and actively strive for longevity.
Third, it is pointed out that if you don't pay attention to your health, indulge in debauchery, drown your interest and have too many emotions, you will easily die. "The husband is a physical person, and the attacker is not a smearer; It's easy to get tired, but it's not a stone. How long can it last? "
Fourthly, Ji Kang also warned medical staff to have confidence and perseverance, otherwise it will not be easy to have an effect. We should also follow the example of good health-preserving people, actively absorb good health-preserving methods, be abstinent, maintain a true mentality, "steam Ganoderma lucidum, moisten the ritual spring, take the sunrise and slow down the five chords", so as to "live longer than envy immortals and compete with Wang Qiao for the coming year". Ji Kang practiced it himself. As the "Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest", Zeng said: "I have lived in Kang for twenty years, but I have not seen him happy." His own theory has been done in almost all aspects, but he has committed the taboo of "forgetting outside the house" and was eventually framed and killed.
Celebrity evaluation
Wang Rong: I have lived with Ji Kang for 20 years, but I have never seen his joy.
Dan Tao: ① Ji Shu is a man at night, and Yan is lonely; After his drunkenness, the Russian Jade Mountain will collapse. I could have been friends, but that's the only thing I heard!
Sun Deng: You are strong and talented, but you can avoid it!
Wang Lie: My uncle's interest is very rare. He is doomed!
Zhong Hui: Ji Kang and Wolong can't get up. The public cares about the world and health.
Hi: Confucian family background, versatile, broad-minded, willful, careless, generous and simple. If you don't learn from your teacher, you will learn a lot, be old and successful, be quiet, and have nothing to want.
Xiang embroidery: Because of its close relationship with Ji Kang and Lu, there is no unruly talent. And Ji Zhiyuan is sparse, Lu Shu, and Shu Shu. Later, he looked at the law in his own way. Gilbert's comprehensive skill lies in silk and bamboo. When he is ready, he can play, regardless of the sun shadow or the piano.
Xie Wan: Mr Miao Yi, on the British standard program. Look at the nest and wash your heart. It's easy to let go, mace The clock doesn't exist, and there are rewards for strange sounds.
Sun Chuo: The trouble of silkworm ancestors originated from Buddhism, and the trouble in the middle originated from Zhong Hui: two sages, with their heroism and regardless of their worries about body and shape, lived beyond their worries, looked down on the world and attracted troubles, almost the same.
Sima Yu: Uncle He Ping () was tired of reason, and Uncle Ji was injured at the back of the night.
Fang: (1) Meet Ruan, a respected friend of Liu and Bi Fang, pass the Zhuangmen and line up in the Li Hall. The husband is in the sky, and the officials follow the track, and after the ceremony, they abandon it. Therefore, Emperor Yao made a promise that Guangwu (Liu Xiu) would give up Zi Ling (Yan Ziling) in Liusete, and the pines were low and could be used to be virtuous and beautiful. When I was a minister, I had a good reputation. As for Ji Kang's legacy of Juyuan Book, Mr. Ruan Shichuang's biography, the dissemination of military orders and the theft of official departments, how can he be ashamed of himself? Forging furnace does not return, sigh, and then the piano is absolutely angry. Through its bypass, customs will disappear; Calling for a capable officer, I am actually a corpse.
2 old articles are planted and Confucianism is balanced. Each has its own interests, and the road is expensive and nameless. Be indecent to each other, and follow the fate for life. Autumn waters shine together, and spring clouds gather. The purpose of wine is to go to Germany, relying on its shortcomings. Who will lose the king if there is no wind?
Zhang Yanyuan: Being able to return to Ci, being good at drumming, painting and calligraphy, and being beautiful.
Su Shi: Emperor Han Jing killed Zhou Yafu with martingale, Cao Cao killed Kong Rong with fame, Emperor Wen of Jin killed Ji Kang with Wolong, Emperor Jin also killed Xia Houxuan with fame, Emperor Song Ming killed Wang Mi with clan, Qi Gaozu killed Hu Luguang with rumors, Emperor Taizong killed Li Junxian with rumors, and Wu Hou (Wu Zetian) killed Pei Yan with rumors.
Chen Pu: The bronze camel stings at night, and I want to talk about Shake Bamboo Forest. There is no elegant music in the south for a hundred years, but I still cherish the sound of Guangling that year.