Analysis:
There is only one word difference between Carthamus tinctorius and saffron, so it is often mistaken for the same thing in concept, but the name is different. Some people regard Carthamus tinctorius, which has long been cultivated by * * * *, as saffron. In fact, these are two completely different plants. Carthamus tinctorius is a dicotyledonous plant of Panicum in Compositae, with a height of about 1 m, and each tubular flower in the flower head is orange. Crocus sativus is a perennial monocotyledonous iris herb with bulbs and purplish or purplish red flowers. Although they have similar functions in promoting blood circulation and dredging collaterals, they are different in system evolution, morphological development and their functions.
Other uses vary greatly.
Crocus sativus is a well-known "Tibetan medicine" at home and abroad, which is collected from the alpine region above 5000 meters above sea level. Its medicinal effects are peculiar, especially for promoting blood circulation and nourishing blood. According to Compendium of Materia Medica, crocus sativus can "promote blood circulation, control depression and treat fright". Crocus sativus has the functions of dredging meridian passage, removing blood stasis, removing blood stasis and swelling, cooling blood and detoxicating, relieving depression and calming the nerves. Taking it for a long time can make people feel happy and improve human immunity in an all-round way. Modern pharmacological research has proved that it is effective in improving myocardial blood supply and oxygen supply. Crocus sativus contains many glycosides, which can obviously increase the blood flow of coronary artery.
In recent years, scientists have found that crocin, safr ***, crocin and crocin in the stamens of crocus sativus have strong anticancer activity. In particular, it has a strong inhibitory effect on blood cancer cells, cancer, flat cell tumor and soft tissue sarcoma. Its anticancer mechanism is to inhibit the synthesis of DNA and RNA in cancer cells, the activity of cellular protein kinase and the expression of proto-oncogene, and the toxicity of carcinogens such as benzopyrene and 12-O- 14 acylphosphinone-13 acetate (TPA), thus inhibiting the formation of tumors at the molecular level. The semi-lethal dose of its cancer cells is 0.8 ~ 2 microns, and its toxicity is far less than that of retinoic acid. Therefore, anti-cancer active substances such as crocin will become one of the most ideal anti-cancer drugs in 2 1 century.
The unique magical effect of crocus sativus is widely used by Chinese and foreign medical circles to prevent and treat cerebral thrombosis, vasculitis, myocardial infarction, blood deficiency, irregular menstruation, postpartum congestion, general pain, traumatic injury, neurasthenia and panic disorder.
[choose the party]
① Treat all kinds of pimples: take one saffron at a time and wash it in soup. Avoid oil, meat and salt, and eat light porridge. (Compendium)
(2) Treating typhoid fever is crazy, scary and trance-like: the teaching method is divided into two parts. Yi Deng soaked it overnight and took it. (Medical Forest Collection)
③ Treatment of hematemesis: saffron 1 branch, ashless wine 1 branch. Put the flowers in the wine and stew the juice through the soup. (Compendium)
red flower
red flower
[Source] This product is the dried flower of Carthamus tinctorius in Compositae.
[Plant Morphology] Annual or biennial herbs, 30 ~ 90 cm high. Leaves alternate, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 4 ~12cm long and1~ 3cm wide, with an acuminate apex, irregular serrations at the edge and spikes at the tooth tips; Almost sessile, slightly supporting stem. The capitulum is terminal, with a diameter of 3-4 cm. The total bracts are multi-layered, the outermost 2-3 layers are leaflike, with unequal sharp teeth on the edge, several layers of oval on the inner surface and short spines on the upper edge. They are all tubular flowers, bisexual, and the corolla is yellow at first and gradually turns orange. Achene is white, obovate, about 5 mm long, with four edges without hair. The flowering period is from May to July, and the fruiting period is from July to September.
[Characteristics of Medicinal Materials] Flowers gather into irregular clusters. Red or red and yellow. The length of a single flower is about 1.5cm, the corolla tube is slender, the top is 5-lobed, and the lobes are narrow and linear, with a length of 5 ~ 7 mm Stamens 5, anthers aggregated into tubular, yellow. The stigma is long and cylindrical, and the top is slightly forked. Soft. It has a special aroma and a slightly bitter taste. After soaking, the water turns golden yellow and the flowers don't fade.
Indications: promoting blood circulation and dredging channels, removing blood stasis and relieving pain. Can be used for amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, lochia, abdominal mass, traumatic injury, and sores.
【 Precautions 】 Pregnant women should use it with caution.
Safflower is a commonly used Chinese medicine, which has the functions of removing blood stasis, promoting blood circulation and dredging menstruation. It can be used to treat amenorrhea, dystocia, postpartum lochia, blood stasis, carbuncle, traumatic injury and so on. It can excite and contract the uterus. It contains crocin, crocin quinone glycoside and neocrocin. Safflower pigment extracted from flowers can be used as food colorant and fabric dye. Fruit is called "Baipingzi" in Chinese medicine, which can promote blood circulation and detoxify. The oil squeezed from fruit is called safflower oil, which is light yellow. It is a kind of high-quality edible oil, which contains more linoleic acid and vitamin E. It can reduce blood lipid and serum cholesterol and prevent atherosclerosis. It can also be used as an antioxidant and stabilizer for vitamins A and D, as a raw material for manufacturing paints and wax paper in industry, and as a mechanical lubricating oil. Oil meal is refined feed.
Saffron should not be soaked in water every day, especially for pregnant women.
zhidao.baidu/question/ 14 14060
Crocus sativus is a well-known "Tibetan medicine" at home and abroad, which is collected from the alpine region above 5000 meters above sea level. Its medicinal effects are peculiar, especially for promoting blood circulation and nourishing blood. According to Compendium of Materia Medica, crocus sativus can "promote blood circulation, control depression and treat fright". Crocus sativus has the functions of dredging meridian passage, removing blood stasis, removing blood stasis and swelling, cooling blood and detoxicating, relieving depression and calming the nerves. Taking it for a long time can make people feel happy and improve human immunity in an all-round way. Modern pharmacological research has proved that it is effective in improving myocardial blood supply and oxygen supply. Crocus sativus contains many glycosides, which can obviously increase the blood flow of coronary artery.
In recent years, scientists have found that crocin, safr ***, crocin and crocin in the stamens of crocus sativus have strong anticancer activity. In particular, it has a strong inhibitory effect on blood cancer cells, cancer, flat cell tumor and soft tissue sarcoma. Its anticancer mechanism is to inhibit the synthesis of DNA and RNA in cancer cells, the activity of cellular protein kinase and the expression of proto-oncogene, and the toxicity of carcinogens such as benzopyrene and 12-O- 14 acylphosphinone-13 acetate (TPA), thus inhibiting the formation of tumors at the molecular level. The semi-lethal dose of its cancer cells is 0.8 ~ 2 microns, and its toxicity is far less than that of retinoic acid. Therefore, anti-cancer active substances such as crocin will become one of the most ideal anti-cancer drugs in 2 1 century.
The unique magical effect of crocus sativus is widely used by Chinese and foreign medical circles to prevent and treat cerebral thrombosis, vasculitis, myocardial infarction, blood deficiency, irregular menstruation, postpartum congestion, general pain, traumatic injury, neurasthenia and panic disorder.
[choose the party]
① Treat all kinds of pimples: take one saffron at a time and wash it in soup. Avoid oil, meat and salt, and eat light porridge. (Compendium)
(2) Treating typhoid fever is crazy, scary and trance-like: the teaching method is divided into two parts. Yi Deng soaked it overnight and took it. (Medical Forest Collection)
③ Treatment of hematemesis: saffron 1 branch, ashless wine 1 branch. Put the flowers in the wine and stew the juice through the soup. (Compendium)
Crocus sativus L. is a bulbous herb of Crocus belonging to Iris, which originated from the Mediterranean coast to the foothills of Himalayas, so it is called Crocus, Crocus or Crocus in China. At present, the main producing areas of saffron are Greek, Spanish and Iranian, and only a small amount is cultivated in China. Because of its extremely low output and time-consuming and laborious collection, it is listed as a rare Chinese herbal medicine in China. Saffron has a strong effect of promoting blood circulation, removing blood stasis, resolving food stagnation and resolving stagnation, and has been applied in clinic. Especially in many traditional prescriptions of Mongolian medicine and Tibetan medicine, saffron is the main medicine and has many good curative effects. Recent studies have found that crocus sativus has good anticancer activity and almost no toxic side effects, so it has attracted people's attention again.
Crocin, crocin about 1.5%, crocin dimethyl cheese, crocin and volatile oil 0.4% ~ 1.3% are the main components in the crude drug of crocin. Besides, it also contains compounds such as eucalyptus, pinene, vitamins and thiamine. In recent years, with the rapid development of modern medicine, pharmacy and molecular biology, the medicinal value of saffron has been deeply studied, and the pharmacological effects of saffron, especially its anticancer activity and mechanism, have been gradually revealed, which makes saffron one of the ideal anticancer drugs in the future.
First, the role of the circulatory system
Saffron decoction can lower the blood pressure of * * and cats for a long time. Saffron extract has an exciting effect on breathing. Under the condition of normal pressure and hypoxia, it can increase the production of pyruvate and the activity of lactate dehydrogenase in myocardial cells, thus enhancing the oxygen metabolism function in cells, improving the hypoxia tolerance of the heart, alleviating the damage of strenuous exercise to myocardial cells to some extent and protecting the heart.
Saffron hot water extract has obvious inhibitory effect on blood coagulation, and its effective component is adenosine, which can prolong the generation time and activation time of prothrombin, inhibit platelet aggregation caused by adenosine diphosphate and collagen, accelerate the fiber activity of urokinase and fibrinolytic enzyme, and reduce the specific viscosity of whole blood.
Chinese scholar Chen Qiong's clinical research shows that crocus sativus can regulate the balance between plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor, improve the fibrinolytic function of patients with coronary heart disease and angina pectoris, and reduce thrombosis. However, the incidence of adverse reactions of saffron was significantly lower than that of aspirin.
Second, the anti-tumor effect
Modern research has found that saffron preparation has obvious anti-cancer ability, especially the saffron extract dimethyl crocetin has a strong inhibitory effect on leukemia, ovarian cancer, colon cancer, rhabdomyosarcoma, colon cancer, sarcoma, squamous cell tumor, soft tissue sarcoma and so on. The anti-cancer mechanism may be to destroy the DNA synthetase system, that is, to destroy the DNA- protein communication medium, which is crucial for cell DNA synthesis, so as to inhibit the synthesis of DNA and RNA and achieve the effect of inhibiting the growth of tumor cells. In addition, crocin also inhibits the activity of cell protein kinase and the expression of proto-oncogene
Jagadeeswaran and other studies show that crocetin, pentacarboxyl flavone and cisplatin all have inhibitory effects on human rhabdomyosarcoma cells, among which crocetin and gypenone only have obvious damage effects on human rhabdomyosarcoma cells, while cisplatin has slight toxicity on normal African green monkey kidney cells while inhibiting human rhabdomyosarcoma cells.
Molnar et al. found that crocetin is not as effective as crocetin in inhibiting the expression of early antigen of African lymphoma virus, crocetin and disaccharide crocetin can inhibit the expression of early tumor antigen in adenovirus-infected cells, and they are more effective than trisaccharide crocetin.
Wang et al.' s research shows that crocin can inhibit the rat skin tumor cells induced by 12-O- 14 acylphosphine-13 acetic acid, because crocin can reduce the phosphorylation level of TPA *** cell protein and inhibit12-o-1.
Garcia-OImO and others studied the anti-colon cancer effect of long-term use of crocin, and identified the cytotoxicity of crocin with animal and human colon adenocarcinoma cells. It was found that the survival time of treated female mice was prolonged and the tumor growth was slowed down, but no obvious anti-tumor effect was found in male mice. In vitro experiments show that crocin has obvious cytotoxicity to human and animal colon adenocarcinoma cells, and serum analysis shows that it has only slight nephrotoxicity to mice. Therefore, foreign scholars believe that long-term crocin treatment can improve the survival rate of female rats with colon cancer without obvious toxic and side effects. The researchers pointed out that the anticancer effect of crocin may be related to its strong cytotoxicity to tumor cells.
Escribano and other studies have found that saffron extract can inhibit the growth of human tumor cells. Their results showed that Hela cells treated with crocin were swollen and the plasma membrane was broken, indicating that its cytotoxicity might be caused by absorbing extracellular fluid. Later, they reported that a proteoglycan isolated from crocus sativus bulb could significantly inhibit the growth of Hela cells in vitro, and its polysaccharide accounted for 94.5% of the whole molecule. Protein skeleton consists of aspartic acid/asparagine, alanine, glutamic acid/glutamine, glycine and serine. In addition, they also extracted this proteoglycan from the callus of crocus sativus and found that it also had significant cytotoxicity to uterine epithelial cancer cells.
Considering its water solubility and high inhibition, crocin is considered as one of the most promising cancer therapeutics in saffron.
Third, the role of the liver and gallbladder.
Crocus sativus has cholagogic effect, and the effective components are crocin sodium salt and crocin ester. Crocin can reduce cholesterol and increase fat metabolism, and can be used in combination with Chinese herbs such as hawthorn, cassia seed and Alisma orientalis to treat fatty liver.
Chen Jing's research results show that crocus sativus can improve microcirculation, promote bile secretion and excretion, thus reducing abnormally high globulin and total bilirubin, and can be used to treat liver cirrhosis after chronic viral hepatitis. Crocin has a chemopreventive effect on early acute liver injury caused by toxic substances, which can increase the concentration of glutathione in cell fluid and enhance the activities of glutathione S transpeptidase and glutathione peroxidase, and is expected to be used in the treatment of chronic cholecystitis.
At present, there is no specific treatment for viral hepatitis. The treatment principle of traditional Chinese medicine is nothing more than clearing away heat and toxic materials, tonifying deficiency and removing blood stasis, and clearing away heat and toxic materials and removing blood stasis is particularly important in treatment. Jiuwei Honghua Pill, a Tibetan medicine, is a classic prescription for treating liver diseases. Is prepared from pure natural high-quality plant medicinal materials such as Artemisia capillaris, saffron, terminalia chebula and the like. Has the effects of clearing away heat and toxic materials, protecting liver and eliminating jaundice. Through clinical case study, Danzeng Jiancuo found that the drug has the functions of inhibiting hepatitis virus, eliminating the cause of hepatitis B, and promoting HBsAg to turn negative, which can improve immune function, reduce inflammation of liver parenchyma, prevent hepatocyte necrosis, promote its recovery and regeneration, and promote the removal of virus, thus achieving the purpose of cure.
Fourth, the role of the kidney.
At present, it is believed that the pathogenesis of glomerulonephritis is closely related to platelets and inflammatory mediators released by them. Anti-platelet aggregation drugs such as saffron have achieved remarkable results in intervening nephritis animal models. Li Zhijian et al. used the rat model of c-BSA nephritis to study the interference of anti-platelet factors such as ticlopidine, breviscapine and saffron on the model. Results In the experimental group, urinary protein decreased, the level of prostaglandin in renal cortex changed and the pathological damage was slight. Among them, crocus sativus plays an important role in inhibiting cyclooxygenase and reducing the synthesis of TXA2, one of prostaglandin families, so as to keep renal capillaries unobstructed, increase renal blood flow, facilitate the absorption of immune complex and promote the repair of inflammatory injury.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) plays an immunomodulatory role
Ling et al. found that the swimming endurance, cellular immunity and humoral immunity of mice in the treatment group were enhanced, and the weight coefficient of immune organs and lymphocyte transformation rate were significantly higher than those in the control group. Clinically, saffron is used to treat many chronic diseases of human body. Through its effects of promoting blood circulation, removing blood stasis, resisting bacteria and diminishing inflammation, it can enhance the endurance of the body and enhance the lymphocyte proliferation reaction, thereby improving the cellular immunity and humoral immunity of the body, regulating the qi movement of the human body and balancing the yin and yang of the human body.
Escribano also found that proteoglycan extracted from crocus sativus can quickly activate protein kinase C and NF-κB, and promote the activity of macrophages, so it has immunomodulatory and anti-invasion functions.
Other functions of intransitive verbs
Saffron extract, especially crocin, can effectively inhibit the activities of oxygen free radicals and xanthine oxidase, showing antioxidant biological activity.
Kazubo et al. found that the ethanol extract of saffron can prevent the inhibition of ethanol on the long-term enhancement effect of hippocampus. In the sawtooth gyrus of anesthetized mice, it can also effectively prevent acetaldehyde from inhibiting the long-term enhancement effect of hippocampus without affecting the learning function of mice.
In addition, the study of Premkumar et al. found that the water extract of crocus sativus can significantly inhibit the reproductive toxicity caused by anticancer drugs such as cisplatin, cyclophosphamide, mitomycin C and urethane, but the inhibitory effect has no obvious relationship with the dose. It can be predicted that the combination of saffron and other anticancer drugs is expected to reduce the side effects of these anticancer drugs.
The above results show that crocus sativus has obvious pharmacological effects on treating or preventing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and cancer. In particular, crocus sativus has broad-spectrum anticancer activity and low toxicity, and monomer compounds such as crocin show better effects than the crude extract of crocus sativus. After further basic research and clinical experiments, it is expected to become a mainstream new anticancer drug in the future, or a new drug with strong effect of promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis for the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Therefore, it is of great social and economic significance to deeply develop the medicinal value of crocin compounds and make them widely used in the medical field.
Chicken hibiscus
Raw materials:
200g chicken breast, 75g tremella, 200g fresh yam, 6 egg whites, a little salt, 2 tablespoons wine/kloc-0, 2 tablespoons starch, and broth 1 big bowl. 30 grams of angelica dahurica, crocus sativus 10 grams.
Exercise:
1. Scrape the chicken breast with a spoon, chop it into a paste, add 1/2 tsp of salt and 1 tsp of starch, stir well, then slowly beat in the egg whites one by one, and stir well to form a chicken paste.
2. Peel and cut the yam into pieces, soak the tremella in water and cut into fine particles.
3. Pour the broth and Radix Angelicae Dahuricae into the pot and cook, then add tremella and yam. Cook for about 5 minutes, add salt to taste, then pour in 1 tbsp starch to thicken, and turn off the heat. Before taking out the pot, slowly add the minced chicken and stir well, then turn off the heat, pour it into a deep dish and sprinkle with saffron.
Tips:
Pregnant women, bleeding patients and patients with gastrointestinal diseases are prohibited.
Administration: 3 days 1 time.
Features:
Because of the pressure and busyness of work, the skin will gradually lack blood to moisturize and lose its exquisiteness and elasticity, especially if it stays up late, is overtired, or does not replenish enough water. If it stays in an air-conditioned environment for a long time, the skin will become dry. Although not yet middle-aged, his face is rough, yellow and old. Use this medicated diet to slow down aging! This medicated diet can nourish the skin, promote blood circulation, make the face rosy, eliminate swelling of limbs and make limbs more energetic.
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