Directory [hidden]
outline
Laozi's works
Legend of Laozi
Laozi's philosophy
Laozi guli
Lao Tzu's anecdote 1, Lao Tzu was born.
2. Smart teenagers
3. Go to school for a week
4. Confucius wants a gift
5. Talking about life and death
6. Han Guguan wrote a book
7. Huadian Yangziju
8. About health classics
9. Reward Kong Qiu again.
10, I went through customs.
1 1, the saint died.
Laozi's descendants
Laozi culture
Taoist Laozi
Interpretation of oral usage words
Basic explanation
detailed description
Book information
Content introduction, character introduction
Laozi's works
Legend of Laozi
Laozi's philosophy
Laozi guli
Lao Tzu's anecdote 1, Lao Tzu was born.
2. Smart teenagers
3. Go to school for a week
4. Confucius wants a gift
5. Talking about life and death
6. Han Guguan wrote a book
7. Huadian Yangziju
8. About health classics
9. Reward Kong Qiu again.
10, I went through customs.
1 1, the saint died.
Laozi's descendants
Laozi culture
Taoist Laozi's formula
Explanation of words, basic explanation, detailed explanation and introduction of book information content.
[Edit this paragraph] Personal data
Li Er [1] (about 57 1 ~ 47 1), Bo Yang, also known as Lao Dan (dān), is one of the greatest philosophers in ancient China and one of the standard theorists who miss Lao Zi. He is the founder of Taoist school and a world cultural celebrity. Later generations called him "Laozi" (the pronunciation of the word "Lao" is the same as that of the ancient word "Li"), and he was from the ancient county of Chu (Taiqinggong Town, Luyi County, Henan Province, Bozhou, Anhui Province). Historical Records Three Biographies of Lao Zi Han Fei: "Lao Zi was born in Qurenli, Li Xiang, Chuku County. Last name is Li, first name is Er, and the word is Bo Yang. Zhou Shoucang Shi also. " Reporter: I'm from Guxian, and now I'm in Lu Yi, Henan. Its land belongs to the State of Chen. Chen's extinction was the appropriate year for Confucius' death (479 BC), so I was born in Guxian County and returned to Chen, so I should be a Chen. Chen Guo? Qu in Li Xiang Town, Guxian County, wrote the Tao Te Ching with 5,000 words and 81 chapters. He lived a long life by practicing Buddhism, about 160 years old (or more than 200 years old). Confucius, a contemporary of Confucius (55 1-479), was in his twenties. 535 BC? At 527? 5 15? 50 1 year? In 486, Confucius asked Laozi several times, saying that Laozi was still a dragon. It is said that his mother 198 1 was pregnant and gave birth to him from the armpit. I was born with a white eyebrow and a white beard, so I'm called Lao Zi. Laozi lived in the Spring and Autumn Period and served as the director of the National Library in Luoyi, the capital of Zhou Dynasty. He is well-read and versatile. Confucius asked Laozi when he traveled around the world. In his later years, Lao Zi took Qingniu to the west and wrote a 5,000-word Tao Te Ching (also known as Tao Te Ching, or Lao Zi for short, or Lao Zi's 5,000 articles) in Hanguguan (now Lingbao, Henan). In Taoism, Laozi is the eighteenth incarnation of the old gentleman. According to legend, Lao Tzu trained Yi Xi, the general commander of Hanguguan. After that, I went west to Kunwu (now zhouzhi county, Xi City, Shaanxi Province). Seeing the ups and downs of the mountains and rivers (Zhong Nanshan Tianyu River) and peaks here, I stopped here and made grass for this building to practice the scriptures. Spread to this day, it is called Louguantai. It is the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units, national AAAA-level tourist scenic spots, and contains more than 300 inkstones of scholars and poets in past dynasties. History is called the birthplace of Taoism. Lao Tzu was buried in Xilouguan, eight kilometers away from here, and there is still the existing Lao Tzu's tomb. Tao Te Ching contains rich dialectical thoughts. Laozi's philosophy and ancient Greek philosophy constitute two sources of human philosophy, and Laozi is honored as "the father of China's philosophy" because of his profound philosophical thoughts. Laozi's thought was passed down by Zhuangzi, and together with Confucianism and later Buddhism, it formed the core of China's traditional thought and culture. After the appearance of Taoism, Laozi was honored as "the old gentleman on the throne"; From the biography of the immortal, Lao Tzu has been honored as a fairy. Tao Te Ching has more than 1000 foreign language versions, which is the most translated book in China. Laozi's ideological proposition is "inaction", and Laozi's ideal political realm is "neighboring countries look at each other, chickens and dogs hear each other, and people don't talk to each other until they die." Laozi used Tao to explain the evolution of all things in the universe, which is an objective natural law, and at the same time has the eternal significance of "being independent and unchanging, doing without danger". The book Laozi contains many simple dialectical views, such as that everything has two sides, and the "movement of Tao" can be transformed from opposition, "what is right is strange, what is good is evil" and "what is bad is good, and what is bad is hidden". He also believes that everything in the world is the unity of "being" and "nothing", and "being and nothing" are the foundation, and "everything in the world is born of something and born of nothing". "The way of heaven, the loss is more than enough, but the way of man is not, and the loss is not enough"; "People's hunger is as much as food tax"; "People die lightly, but they live on it"; "People are not afraid of death. Why are you afraid of death?" . His theory has a far-reaching influence on the development of China's philosophy, and its contents are mainly found in the book Laozi. His philosophical thoughts and the Taoist school he founded not only made important contributions to the development of China's ancient ideology and culture, but also had a far-reaching impact on the development of China's ideology and culture for more than two thousand years. Some people think that Lao Laizi is also a Chu. At the same time as Confucius, he wrote 15 books to promote Taoism. Some people think it is Zhou Taishi (dān), who lived 100 years after the death of Confucius. Sima Qian, a famous historian, explained in Historical Records of Laozi's Biography of Han Fei that there were two kinds of speculations about Laozi at that time. "Or: Lao Laizi is also Lao Laizi, who wrote fifteen books for the use of Taoism and was contemporary with Confucius." At that time, Sima Qian also suspected that Laozi was an old laizi. Now many scholars have adopted the first view that Laozi was born in Li Er at the end of the Spring and Autumn Period.
[Edit this paragraph] Lao Tzu's works
Dou Zhongliang wrote a 5,000-word Classic of Laozi before Hangu Pass, also known as the Classic of Morality or the True Classic of Morality. Tao Te Ching, The Book of Changes and The Analects of Confucius are considered to be the three most influential masterpieces in China. Tao Te Ching is divided into two volumes, ***8 1. The first 37 chapters are the first, and the last 38 chapters are the next. The ideological structure of the book is: Tao is the "body" of virtue, and virtue is the "use" of Tao. Up and down * * * about five thousand words. Tao Te Ching was later named. At first, Lao Zi's book was called Lao Zi, but there was no such name as Tao Te Ching. Its completion date was controversial in the past, but it is still uncertain. However, according to the date of "Laozi" on Guodian bamboo slips unearthed in 1993, it was written at least in the middle and early Warring States period. Laozi used Tao to explain the evolution of all things in the universe, thinking that "Tao gives birth to one, two, two, three and three things" and "Tao" is "the fate of a husband is natural", so "man should be in the earth, the earth should be in the sky, the sky should be in the Tao, and the Tao should be natural". "Tao" is an objective natural law, and at the same time it has the eternal significance of "being independent and unchanging, walking without danger" The book Laozi contains many simple dialectical views, such as that everything has two sides, and the "movement of Tao" can be transformed from opposition, "the right is strange, the good is evil" and "the disaster is a blessing, and the disaster is hidden". He also believes that everything in the world is the unity of "being" and "being" in Laozi's Tao Te Ching, and "being and not being mutual" is based on "being without being", and "everything in the world is born with being, but not being". In addition, there are a lot of people-oriented ideas in the book: "Heaven has more than enough to make up for it, humanity is insufficient, and loss is not enough to support it"; "People's hunger is as much as food tax"; "People die lightly, but they live on it"; "People are not afraid of death. Why are you afraid of death?" . His theory had a far-reaching impact on the development of China's philosophy. There are many translations of Laozi since ancient times, and there are many versions of the original text, so it is difficult to study it.
[Edit this paragraph] The Legend of Laozi
Xi An Zhong Kui Institute of Culture and Zhong of an Zhong Kui's hometown Happy Valley Resort organized experts to collect and sort out the legends of Laozi and Zhong Kui in Huxian County, Shaanxi Province, Zhong Kui's hometown. According to legend, the chief company commander of Hanguguan saw that Ziqi came from the east. Lao Tzu arrived on a green cow, worshipped Lao Tzu as a teacher, resigned, and followed Lao Tzu westward along Shenxian Road in Zhong Nanshan, Qinling Mountains. A few days later, he came to the foot of Jiangjun Mountain, where auspicious clouds were densely covered, the seasons were like spring, streams were criss-crossing, fish and water were shallow, birds were contending, while the dragon and phoenix danced, peonies were competing, and springs were tinkling. It was really a paradise. Hard-faced, with one sword and one fan, five bats came, upright and noble, unable to stop sighing: "Tao is Tao, extraordinary Tao, the creation of the universe, the beginning of heaven and earth, the mother of all things, and there are often people who want to see its wonders." Zhong Wei Fulin Town House won the first place in the list, and the true god also ... "Five thousand words are magnificent and easy to record, and are called the Tao Te Ching by the world. Later, Lao Zi and Yi Xi worked in Afuquan, and the stable was in Nanshan. The old cow woman herded cattle, and Nanshan never let go. After discovering the shortcut to the south, he gave lectures in Liangshan, made an alchemy in Louguantai, and enjoyed the longevity of Nanshan. He is known as the ancestral home of Taoism, the hometown of Zhong Kui, and the best place in the world.
[Edit this paragraph] Laozi's philosophy
Laozi tried to establish a theory that included everything in the universe. Laozi believes that everything follows this law (Tao): things that are opposed to each other will transform into each other, that is, yin and yang. Taiji yin-yang method (virtue) comes from the law (Tao) of things. Here are a few examples to help understand: the original text: "Germany is not Germany, it is Germany; There is virtue without losing it, and it is not virtue. " Analysis of "I lost my way and became virtuous": a good method can be flexible (immoral: there is no fixed method, which means flexible), and a bad method will not be flexible. Because the method comes from the law of things, it is better to know the law than the method. Original text: "Those who make good use of people do it." "If a saint wants to be above the people, he must use his words first ..." Analysis: The more he lowers his posture, the more he will be admired and respected. It is the conversion of "down" and "up". Original text: "The people are difficult to treat, but they are difficult to treat because of their actions." Analysis: The less a politician has personal thoughts (the more hopeless) and follows the people's thoughts, the better he can govern the country. It is the transformation between "incurable" and "cured". Laozi's "inaction" is not aimed at "inaction", but at "doing something" Because according to the "Tao" mentioned above, "inaction" will be transformed into "promising". The genius of this idea is that although it is not aimed at obtaining benefits subjectively, it can achieve benefits better objectively. From "heaven and earth have no push, the sun and the moon are self-evident, the stars are self-ordered, and the animals are self-made." This is natural, why bother? " (See the fourth paragraph of Confucius' question in Laozi's story below) It can be seen that the "nature" mentioned by Laozi is not similar to the concept of God, and the law of all things (Tao) is stipulated by nature, that is, "Tao is nature". Some people misunderstand the meaning of nature here. It should be noted that. In fact, human life is like the existence of the universe, and no one can rationally point out its purpose. Therefore, the irrational choice of a certain goal (s) becomes the only choice. Laozi looked at the problem from the infinite standpoint of Tao. So Lao Tzu only said "method" and didn't point out "purpose". This gives us a revelation: why do people suffer because they deliberately achieve their goals? Being idle and carefree is also a way to treat people. As for Laozi's world outlook, according to the previous Tao, "nothing" and "being" (the existence of everything is "being") will be transformed into each other. Therefore, Lao Tzu believes that everything in the universe comes from nothingness and moves towards nothingness. For example, the life and death of human beings (see the following story about the death of a saint told by Lao Zi: "Once upon a time, Lao Dan was born out of nothing" and "Today, Lao Dan died out of nothing"). Mingdao Palace
[Edit this paragraph] Laozi's hometown
Taiqing Palace, Luyi County, Henan Province, is located in Taiqing Palace, ten miles east of Luyi County. According to historical records, in the eighth year of Yan Xi in the Eastern Han Dynasty (A.D. 165), Emperor Herry Liu sent a servant to Guan Ba to create it and named it Laozi Temple. In the third year of Wude in the Ming Dynasty of Tang Dynasty (AD 620), in order to rule the world and improve the family status, Li Yuan listened to Ji's suggestion, recognized Laozi as his ancestor, and sent people to expand the Laozi Temple in the Han Dynasty, taking the size of the palace as the royal temple. In the first year of Ganfeng (AD 666), Tang Gaozong Li Zhi, posthumous title and Laozi were named "Emperor's Emperor Xuanyuan", and the name of the hall was changed to "Xuanyuan Hall" by adding "Purple Palace" and "Taiqing Building". In the first year of Guangzhai of Wu Zetian (AD 684), Laozi's mother was canonized as the "Congenital Empress Dowager", which was expanded into a palace on the basis of Li Mu Temple in Han Dynasty, located in the north of Taiqing Palace. When I arrived in Li Longji of Xuanzong, the Taiqing Palace was rebuilt, reaching its peak, covering an area of 872 mu and four miles in Fiona Fang. The buildings in the palace are arranged in an orderly way, and the Qionglou Yuyu is magnificent. Taiqing Palace is called Qiangong and Dong Xiao Palace is called Hougong. The former palace is dedicated to Laozi, and the latter to Li Mu. There is a river and a bridge between the two palaces. This river is called "Jinshui" and this bridge is called "Huixian". During the Kaiyuan period of the Tang Dynasty, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty also paid a visit to Taiqing Palace, honoring Laozi as "the Great Sage, the Golden Que Emperor", changing the name of the temple to Taiqing Palace, and personally annotating the 5,000-word Tao Te Ching, carving stones in Taiqing Palace. This monument still exists today. Together with the inscriptions of the Taiqing Palace and other dynasties,/kloc-0 was listed as a key cultural relics protection unit in Henan Province in 1986 and upgraded to a national key cultural relics protection unit in 200 1 year. During the Tang Dynasty, the royal family sent 500 soldiers to guard the Taiqing Palace. At the end of Tang Dynasty, Taiqing Palace was destroyed by military affairs in Huang Chao. During the reconstruction of Song Zhenzong, the national treasury allocated funds to rebuild Taiqing Palace and Dongye Palace, which were larger than those in the Tang Dynasty. When it was rebuilt, there were inscriptions such as "Rebuilding the Taiqing Palace Monument in the Great Song Dynasty", "Ode to the Congenital Empress Dowager" and "The Story of Huizhenqiao", which have been handed down to this day. After the reconstruction, Emperor Zhenzong personally led Manchu civil servants to worship in Taiqing Palace. The monument of "Zan Empress Dowager" erected by Zhenzong is eight meters high and two meters wide. Two dragons crouched at the head of the monument, supported by a tortoise. It is a "san huang Monument" made by the real clan, with beautiful calligraphy and fine stone, and it has been well preserved so far. It is a peerless treasure in Taiqing Palace. Later, it was repaired and scrapped many times, and inscriptions were rebuilt in Jin, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties. In the mid-Yuan Dynasty, the emperor issued imperial edicts and licenses to protect the Taiqing Palace, and the inscription has been preserved to this day. When it was rebuilt in the Qing Dynasty, the scale was still considerable, but compared with the heyday of the Tang and Song Dynasties, it was only "11/1000". Compared with the Qing dynasty, it is only "eleven thousandths". There are five buildings in Taiqing Palace, one iron column, three ancient cypresses, nine inscriptions and a moon-looking well. Dong Xiao Palace has only five Notre Dame, three doll palaces and a stone tablet of the Song Dynasty.
[Edit this paragraph] Lao Tzu's anecdote
1, Lao Tzu was born
In the summer and June of 577 BC, the monarch of the State of Song died, and the right teacher Huayuan was in charge of state affairs. The Huan family headed by Zuo Shi has long been interested in politics, but it is helpless and unable to do so. See * * * male died today, want to take the opportunity to uprising. Because the plot was not secret, the wind leaked, and the Dai family headed by Huayuan was expelled from the Song State. Since then, he was appointed as the left ambassador, old Zuo Wei Sima and Le Yi as Scott; Li Xinjun, this is Gong Ping Song. Shi Yu led more than 200 Huan people to flee to Chu, where they lived for three years. In the summer and June of 573 BC, the State of Chu attacked the State of Song, conquered Pengcheng (now Xuzhou, Jiangsu) of the State of Song, and made Yushi and Yufu the guarding city, leaving 300 chariots to help defend the city. Song summoned courtiers to discuss this matter and asked, "The enemy is strong and I am weak, and the Chu soldiers invaded Pengcheng, which is my confidant! If you sit back and watch, there will be endless trouble! Who will pull out this fortress for me? " As soon as the voice fell, a humanitarian came out of the class: "I am willing to go!" " When Wang Ping looked at it, he saw that the man was two feet tall, with heavy eyebrows, broad cheeks and broad shoulders, and powerful. It turned out to be Sima Lao Zuo. Huayuan expressed concern and said to Gong Ping, "Fish and stones are cunning, and fish houses are fierce. Pengcheng has a strong force, with 300 chariots and 3,000 guards. Although Sima is heroic, vigorous, brave and difficult to win. " Lao Zuo said according to the truth: "Fish and stones are worms that eat books; In the fish house, a dog is tied with a chicken. What are you afraid of? Lao Zuo is willing to take his family around Pengcheng, and the city can't refuse to return it! " Wang Ping promised. Zuo Wei, an old general, led twenty thousand troops to recover Cheng Peng. It is said that Song besieged Pengcheng and attacked it day and night. The old assistant was brave and powerful, and took the lead, which greatly boosted Song Jun's morale. Within half a month, the defenders of Cheng Peng were in danger. One day, Fish Stone and Fish House were supervising the battle on the city. When they saw that there were many Song soldiers and soldiers, all of them were brave, and everyone scrambled to climb the city. I saw another general, wearing a silver helmet and armor, riding a white horse, galloping on the battlefield and dispatching troops. A Chu will ask, "Whose song will this be?" Fish stone replied, "it's the new Sima and the old assistant, the siege general." "Chu generals talked about it in succession:" The commander of the siege did not look at the enemy's position behind the army, but suddenly attacked from left to right in front of the army. How can he not boost morale! In this way, Pengcheng is too dangerous! "But Shi Yu is a calculating man. He said to his men, "things will fail, things will fail." There are many examples in history. How do we know that our army will fail? "Lao Zuo is fearless and takes the lead, which is the foundation of his success; Self-willed and arrogant, which is the root of his failure. How do you know that his army will win? " General Chu asked, "Zuo seems to have a plan in mind. What's the good plan? " Fish stone replied: "The two armies confronted each other. Whether they are handsome in the front or in the back, we must play it by ear. Now that Song Bing is attacking the city, the master should come forward and gallop with an arrow. This is a military taboo! I have a subtotal. If we follow the plan, it is hard to say whether Song Jun will succeed. " It turned out that Shi Yu had his men stab Lao Zuo in the back. Lao Zuo was supervising the war in front of the army when suddenly an arrow flew in and stabbed him five inches in the chest. Unfortunately, he fell off his horse and died. Song Jun leaderless, flight, scattered. Lao Zuo's family is in a tent in Song Ying, with several maids, dozens of generals and dozens of guards. Suddenly I heard that Lao Zuo had been killed, and I saw an army coming like a flood. Many families will drive in a hurry to protect the old lady from escaping. Fight and flee, until the evening, although Lu Yi Taiqing Palace Xuanyuantang (Li Peng's book plaque "Lao Zi's hometown" was gone, the old lady was left with only two maids and a driver. Home will not dare to stop, Dai Yue in the dark, desperate, ran along the southwest. At dawn the next day, I came to a remote village and asked the villagers about the way to Songdu. They all shook their heads and said they didn't know Home will only know that it should go west, but I am already in the south. A group of four people walked along the path for seven days, but they still didn't see the capital of song dynasty, but they came to Xiangyi (now Lu Yidong, Henan Province). Walking, the old lady suddenly felt a stomachache. It turns out that the old lady was pregnant in July. Old Zuo Wei kept his promise in front of you and fought with him as soon as possible with a winning heart. At this time, the old lady was defeated, lost her husband, fled to other countries, was anxious, tired, and even had fetal movement in her abdomen, and the pain was unbearable. When the servant girl panics, the family will stop at the roadside and rush to the village to find the old woman. However, after a while, I heard the cry of "wow, wow" from the caravan, and a premature baby boy was born. This is Lao Zuo's son-Lao Zi. I was born with a weak head, wide eyebrows and wide ears, bright eyes like abyss beads and a double nose. Because its ears grow up, it is named "Yong"; Because he was born in the Year of the Tiger (57 BC1), his relatives and neighbors also called him Xiao Li, which means "Little Tiger". Because Jianghuai people call "cat" "raccoon dog", which is homophonic with "Li Er". Over time, Lao Dan's nickname "Beaver" became the famous "Li Er", which was handed down from generation to generation. Seeing the poor mother and son, the midwife let a family of five live in her house. Lao Zhang runs a pharmacy for a living. His surname is Chen, and his name is Chen Laodi, so everyone calls him old lady Chen Mama. Mother Chen, childless, kind and warm, gave up three west wing rooms to live with the old lady's family. When the old lady was in danger, she was grateful to meet this kind person. Although displaced in the war, but after all, a large family, carrying soft clothes is enough. In addition, the family will often help Mr. Chen make a living, and the two maids will take care of the housework and make a living. Since then, the wife and children of Lao Zuo, the war general of the Song Dynasty, have been living in the state of Chen.
2. Smart teenagers
Lao Dan was very clever since he was a child. He was quiet and eager to learn. He often pesters his family to listen to the rise and fall of the country, the success or failure of the war, sacrifices and divination, and stargazing. The old lady wanted her son to become a dragon, so she hired an old gentleman from Shang Rong who was proficient in the rites and music of Yin merchants. Shang Rong knows astronomy and geography and is deeply respected by the Lao Dan family. One day, Professor Shang Rong said, "Man is precious between heaven and earth, and king is the foundation among ten thousand people." Lao Dan asked, "What is heaven?" The gentleman said, "Heaven is clear on earth." Lao Dan asked again, "What is a clean person?" Mr Tao; "Qing people are empty." "What's up in space?" Mr. Wang said, "At the top of space, the wise are also wise." "What's on it?" "Above the Qing Dynasty, the Qing Dynasty was clearer." Lao Dan asked again. "What is the end of the Qing Dynasty?" The teacher said: "The sages have not been passed on, and the ancient books have not been published. Fools dare not talk nonsense." Evening, Lao Dan.
words explanation
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