Be wary of children eating Chinese herbal medicines.
Many parents think Chinese herbal medicine is better. When they find that children are a little hairy, they often buy some Chinese herbal medicines for their children. In fact, there are three poisons in medicine, and the chemical composition of Chinese herbal medicine is complex, and its safety is only relative to that of western medicine. Infants and young children, in particular, are not mature in all aspects of their bodies, and eating Chinese herbal medicines casually will also endanger their health.
Infants and young children have delicate organs, so be careful with violent drugs such as bitter, spicy, cold and hot. Children are full of vitality, so they should eat and drink, and should not abuse tonics, otherwise it will unbalance the yin and yang of the human body and hurt the viscera and qi. Even if there is deficiency syndrome, you must use supplements with caution. Prunella vulgaris, Chrysanthemum, Houttuynia cordata, Lophatherum gracile, Rhizoma Phragmitis, Radix Rehmanniae and other traditional Chinese medicines contain tannins, alkaloids, volatile oils, glycosides and inorganic salts, which may increase the burden on the baby's liver and damage the liver function, so we must use these with caution.
"Liushen Pill" is a standing medicine for many families. Can be used for treating sore throat, etc. It also has certain curative effect on influenza and mumps. However, it is still prudent to give it to children. Because realgar, one of the main components of Liushen Pill, contains arsenic sulfide, which has a strong toxic effect on liver and kidney. The child is in the developmental stage, and the functions of the heart, liver, kidney and other organs have not been fully developed. If you take Liushen Pill in large doses for a long time, it is easy to cause functional damage to these organs.
Chinese medicine should be taken 30-60 minutes after meals to avoid damaging gastric mucosa. It is best not to drink tea, coffee, milk and soybean milk before and after drinking Chinese medicine 1 hour, so as to avoid the chemical reaction between Chinese medicine components and tannin, caffeine and protein, which will affect the curative effect. Try not to add sugar to the medicine when taking it, so as not to affect the efficacy. When drinking Chinese medicine, parents should taste it first. Overheating can easily burn the child's throat, esophagus and gastric mucosa. Too cold will cause stomach discomfort and affect the efficacy. When children take decoction, encourage them to drink it by themselves as much as possible, or slowly feed the liquid medicine along the child's mouth with a spoon. Let the child rest as much as possible after taking the medicine, which is beneficial to the absorption of the medicine and avoids vomiting due to excessive activity.
How do I know whether Chinese patent medicine and medicine contain hypoglycemic western medicine?
Among the drugs published by the state, Xiaoke Pills, Xiaotangling Capsules (Xiaokeping Capsules) and Tang Wei Capsules. It is a compound preparation of Chinese and western medicine, and glibenclamide, a hypoglycemic drug of western medicine, is added. Most Chinese patent medicines for treating diabetes do not contain western medicine hypoglycemic agents, and it is not allowed to add western medicine hypoglycemic agents to the products.
In recent years, in order to gain profits, some unscrupulous manufacturers have created the image of "the product has obvious curative effect and fast hypoglycemic speed" and added hypoglycemic chemicals without approval. Because the dose is uncertain and uncontrollable, if the patient takes it in large quantities without knowing it, it may make the patient's condition unable to be effectively controlled, produce unpredictable adverse reactions, and even seriously threaten the patient's life safety.
Many counterfeit drugs have forged almost identical approval numbers and instructions with real drugs, so it is difficult to distinguish ordinary patients from their families in appearance. Evaluation can be based on the reaction after use, to speculate whether it contains western medicine ingredients.
Diabetic patients without severe vomiting or fasting have hypoglycemia reactions (palpitation, sweating, dizziness, and lower blood sugar than normal) after taking some "Chinese patent medicines" or "medicines", and it can basically be concluded that they contain western medicine hypoglycemic drugs. If it is not a newly diagnosed patient with slightly higher blood sugar, the blood sugar drop value is very obvious after taking it alone, and it is highly doubtful whether it contains hypoglycemic western medicine.
This is because:
1. Long-term clinical practice has confirmed that Chinese herbal medicine does have a certain hypoglycemic effect, but its hypoglycemic intensity cannot be compared with that of western medicine, and it is impossible to have an obvious hypoglycemic effect in a short time. Therefore, taking the so-called pure Chinese medicine hypoglycemic preparation is definitely impossible to have hypoglycemia reaction; Health care products are called health care products, which is normal, because they only have health care functions, but not therapeutic functions.
2. The purpose of illegal manufacturers mixing western medicine is to make profits, so the mixed western medicine is cheap and hypoglycemic, such as sulfonylurea drugs such as glibenclamide, which is prone to hypoglycemia. Cheap phenformin or other biguanides have obvious gastrointestinal tract, and nearly half of patients are intolerant; However, acarbose, rosiglitazone and other drugs with less hypoglycemia reaction need ten yuan to dozens of yuan a day to be effective.
If patients have doubts about the finished medicine or health care products they take, they should report to the regulatory authorities for experimental identification.
Understand the concept of rational drug use
Family drug self-treatment has gradually become a trend in some western countries. The premise of self-treatment is to have the basic knowledge of pharmacology, have a correct understanding of the drugs suffered and used, and communicate with doctors in time when encountering problems. It can be seen that it is very important to understand some basic concepts of pharmacology.
What is rational drug use?
The definition of rational drug use by the World Health Organization (WHO) is that patients can obtain drugs suitable for their clinical needs and the correct method of drug use (route of administration, dosage, interval of administration and course of treatment). These drugs must have reliable quality and availability.
The biomedical standards of the World Health Organization (WHO) for rational drug use are: safety, effectiveness, economy and appropriateness. The specific contents include: the drug is correct; Appropriate indications for drug treatment; Efficacy, safety, use and price are suitable for patients; Appropriate dosage, method and course of treatment; Medication is suitable for patients, with no contraindications and few adverse reactions; Whether the distribution is correct, including providing drug information; The patient's compliance is good.
Rational drug use is a complete process, including correct diagnosis, correct drug use, correct prescription, appropriate deployment, patients' compliance with doctor's advice and responsible follow-up of treatment effect.
Unreasonable drug use has serious consequences.
Unreasonable drug use includes taking drugs when drug treatment is not needed, such as taking multivitamin preparations for a long time without vitamin deficiency symptoms, taking large doses of calcium supplements for a long time without calcium deficiency symptoms, and taking nourishing and strengthening drugs for a long time without malnutrition symptoms; Use the wrong medicine when you need to see a doctor, such as: overusing antibiotics and antidiarrheal drugs, abusing injections and hormones for children with unexplained diarrhea; Using drugs with uncertain or unproven efficacy; Using drugs with uncertain safety, such as: children or workers abuse anabolic steroids to promote growth or appetite, and children patients use aminoglycoside antibiotics without consideration; Use drugs that are difficult to obtain, safe and ineffective; When taking medicine, the method of administration is incorrect.
Improper drug use includes: excessive dependence on injection routes; Drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria caused by insufficient dose of antibiotics and insufficient course of treatment; Large prescription and multi-drug combination; Improper dosage and course of treatment.
Unreasonable drug use will not only delay and fail treatment, but also aggravate adverse reactions, leading to drug-induced diseases. But also make the reputation of treatment institutions and doctors depend on them, and increase unnecessary patient complaints. Unreasonable drug use will also waste social resources, increase the economic burden of patients and mislead the development of the pharmaceutical industry.
According to the survey of the World Health Organization, 5% of inpatients were admitted to the hospital due to improper medication; Among the non-accidental deaths in the world, 1/7 died of irrational drug use; In the expenditure of drugs, it is only effectively used for patients, and it is wasted as high as 70% for various reasons. Who believes that the high cost of drugs is largely due to improper use of drugs.
According to a statistic of China in 1990s, among the 65,438+0.8 million deaf-mute children, about 65,438+0.0 million are caused by improper medication, and the number is increasing at the rate of 20,000-40,000 per year. Most of them are caused by the abuse of ototoxic drugs, such as aminoglycosides such as gentamicin, kanamycin and amikacin.
The factors leading to irrational drug use are the differences in patients' educational level, psychological status and nursing degree. In addition, there are unhealthy social relations such as bad medical advertisements, bad medication habits, prescription drugs and economic benefits.
Understand the concepts related to pharmacology.
Dosage: Different doses of drugs will have different effects. The so-called dose is "dose", that is, the amount used each time.
Commonly used dose: The dose with the best therapeutic effect is called therapeutic dose, that is, "commonly used dose", that is, the dose usually needed to treat diseases, and it is also in line with the dose of most people.
Maximum dose or maximum dose: increase the dose on the basis of the usual dose until a moderate reaction is about to occur. This dose is called "maximum therapeutic dose" or "maximum dose". The maximum dose is greater than the therapeutic dose, but less than the minimum toxic dose, which is also the maximum dose used by doctors.
Poisoning dose: the dose that will cause poisoning when exceeding the limit. In short, toxic dose is the dose that causes toxic reaction in human body.
Lethal dose: If the dose is increased on the basis of poisoning dose, it will cause death. This dose is called the lethal dose. Lethal dose and toxic dose do not belong to the dose range.
Safety range: the distance between the minimum effective dose and the maximum dose is called the safety range of the drug, also known as the "treatment window". The wider the safety range of drugs, the safer it is, and on the contrary, it is easy to cause poisoning.
The potency strength of a drug: refers to the dosage required for a drug to achieve a certain effect. The smaller the dosage required for each drug in the same class to reach the same level, the greater its efficacy in the same class of drugs.
The role of drugs is twofold: both therapeutic and adverse reactions unrelated to therapeutic purposes. Almost all drugs may cause adverse reactions, but the degree and frequency of reactions are different.
Therapeutic effect: any effect that can achieve the goal is called the therapeutic effect of drugs. Adverse reactions: refers to the unexpected or unexpected reactions of qualified drugs under normal usage and dosage, including side effects, toxic reactions, allergic reactions, after-effects reactions, side effects and physical dependence.
Dependence and mental dependence, teratogenesis, mutation, carcinogenesis, etc.
Talk about side effects in particular
Many patients are very taboo about the side effects of drugs, and even dare not use drugs when it comes to side effects. So what are the side effects?
Side effects refer to the adverse reactions that have nothing to do with treatment when using therapeutic doses. The side effects are generally mild, which is a reversible functional change. The causes of side effects are: low drug selectivity and wide range of action. When one of the effects is used for treatment, the other effects become side effects. For example, ephedrine has an exciting effect on the central nervous system during treatment, which can make patients insomnia.
Understand other drug reactions
Toxic reaction (Toxie ettcct): refers to excessive dosage or medication process. This usually happens when the limit is exceeded. Sometimes, due to the patient's genetic defects, pathological conditions or drug combinations, the sensitivity may increase, leading to toxic reactions in therapeutic doses. Acute toxicity: toxicity caused by taking too much dose. Chronic toxicity: the toxicity that gradually occurs due to long-term use.
Allergy, also known as allergic reaction, is an abnormal special reaction of sensitized patients to a certain drug. It only occurs in a few patients and has nothing to do with the nature and dose of known drugs. The manifestations of allergic reactions are different and unpredictable, and generally do not appear for the first time. Drugs with similar chemical structures are prone to cross-allergic reactions. For example, penicillin may cause anaphylactic shock and chloramphenicol may cause anaphylactic shock.
Side effects: This is the adverse consequences caused by drug therapy, also known as treatment contradiction. For example, when using broad-spectrum antibiotics for a long time, because many sensitive strains are inhibited, the intestinal flora is out of balance, making some insensitive bacteria, such as drug-resistant staphylococcus and white.
Candida and other fungi multiply in large numbers, causing secondary infections such as staphylococcal pseudomembrane or candidiasis, which is called double infection.
Post-effect: refers to the fact that the blood drug concentration has dropped below the minimum effective concentration after drug withdrawal, but the biological effect still exists. For example, after taking barbiturates for a long time, there are still hangover effects such as drowsiness, dizziness and fatigue the next morning; A few drugs, such as high-dose fusidic amine and streptomycin, occasionally cause permanent.
Long-term deafness. When deafness occurs, the blood drug concentration can no longer be measured, but the legacy effect exists.
Teratogenesis refers to carcinogenesis, teratogenicity and mutation.
Carcinogenesis: Cancer induced or caused by drugs is called drug carcinogenesis.
Teratogenesis: Fetal malformation caused by drugs. At present, it is believed that embryos develop and differentiate fastest in the first three months of development and are most susceptible to drugs, so drugs should be used with caution in the first three months of pregnancy.
Mutation: Some drugs can cause genetic factor mutation or chromosome abnormality, and cause abnormal growth of cells and tissues, which is called mutation.
Tip: Expert introduction
Liu Liping, deputy director of the Pharmacy Department of the 302nd Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, chief pharmacist, senior member of the Chinese Pharmaceutical Society, member of the expert database of medical accident technical appraisal of the General Logistics Department of Hu Fangjun, member of the expert database of military drug evaluation, and drug supervisor of the whole army. The main work direction is clinical rational drug use, drug palm information management and hospital pharmacy.
Tips: I think everyone knows the above common knowledge about medication, so you should be careful in the future, especially children, and you must not eat Chinese herbal medicines indiscriminately, otherwise your health will be threatened.
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