Layout, rendering, contrast (profile, positive contrast, negative contrast. ), setting off, writing sadness with pleasure, turning motion into stillness, combining motion and static, cadence, meticulous brushwork, image combination, style of writing, repetition of chapters and sentences, seeing the big from the small, comparing with the big, paving the way, using allusions, pointing, comparing, overlapping words, intertextuality, pun, inversion, association, imagination, symbol and care.