Efficacy and function of tortoise shell
Sexual taste and efficacy
Tasty, sweet and flat. Efficacy: nourishing yin and suppressing yang, tonifying kidney and replenishing essence.
Traditional application
Indications: kidney yin deficiency, bone steaming hot flashes, night sweats; Fever impairs yin, and wind-driven due to yin deficiency; Weakness of waist and legs, weakness of bones and muscles; Children's fontanelle is not suitable; And collapse, collapse.
This medicine is commonly used in the following traditional prescriptions: ① Dabuyin Pill ("Danxi Heart Method"): parched tortoise plastron, Radix Rehmanniae Preparata, Rhizoma Anemarrhenae, Cortex Phellodendri, and pig spinal cord, to treat yin deficiency, excessive fire and bone steaming fatigue; ② Jianbu Qian Hu Pill (Danxi Heart Method): tortoise plastron, tiger bone (now dog bone), Radix Rehmanniae Preparata, Rhizoma Anemarrhenae, Cortex Phellodendri, Herba Cynomorii, Radix Paeoniae Alba, Zingiberis Rhizoma and Pericarpium Citri Tangerinae, which are used to treat liver and kidney deficiency and muscle weakness; (3) Tortoise Deer Erxian Ointment (The Living Secret Anatomy): Tortoise Edition, Antlers, Ginseng, Lycium barbarum, decocted ointment, for treating asthenia and nocturnal emission, and unclear vision; ④ Zuogui Pill (Jingyue Quanshu): Colla Plastri Testudinis, Colla cornus Cervi, Radix Rehmanniae Preparata, Rhizoma Dioscoreae, Fructus Lycii, Fructus Corni, Semen Cuscutae and Radix Cyathulae, which are used to treat kidney essence deficiency, soreness of waist and knees and nocturnal emission.
Heche jujube pill is used to treat weakness and fatigue; There are also tortoise versions in Dading Zhu Feng, Xiaoding Zhu Feng and Sanjia Fumai Decoction, which are used to treat yin injuries caused by high fever and pneumatic convulsions.
major constituent
It mainly contains colloid composed of protein, amino acids and trace elements.
1. The colloid shell and shell of tortoise shell contain colloid, protein and 17 amino acids, and the hydrolyzed amino acids are glycine, proline, alanine, glutamic acid and arginine.
2. Most trace elements are calcium, strontium and silica, followed by zinc and copper.
Pharmacological effects of tortoise shell
(A) the impact on adrenal function
Tortoise shell can obviously protect and prevent atrophy of adrenal cortex, increase the volume of cells in globular zone and fascicular zone of adrenal cortex, improve the compensatory function of adrenal cortex, increase the weight of mouse gonads including testis, uterus, prostate and seminal vesicle, and promote growth and development. It can also excite the uterus and strengthen contraction.
(B) the impact on the cell regulatory system
In the study of the essence of yin deficiency, it has been suggested that cyclic nucleotide system is one of the important regulatory systems at the molecular level-cAMP is relatively dominant in the plasma of yin deficiency patients and cGMP is relatively dominant in the plasma of yang deficiency patients. Rehmannia glutinosa Turtle Plate Mixture can reduce the plasma cAMP level of hyperthyroidism model animals to normal level, but it has no effect on the cAMP level of hypothyroidism model animals.
(C) the impact on energy metabolism
Tortoise shell can regulate the nucleic acid synthesis and metabolism of liver and spleen in two directions, so that the high nucleic acid metabolism is reduced and the low nucleic acid metabolism is strengthened. In animals with yin deficiency, the process of cell oxidation is accelerated, heat production is increased, basal metabolism is increased, and protein catabolism is accelerated. Guiban decoction can obviously inhibit the above changes and make them return to normal, and the effect of turtle shell is similar to that of turtle shell
Tortoise shell can reduce the oxygen consumption of animals with yin deficiency and prolong their hypoxia tolerance time.
(D) the impact on immune function
Tortoise shell can improve the function of mononuclear phagocyte system, resist the inhibitory effect of immunosuppressants on cellular immunity, protect leukopenia, improve the weight and function of spleen and thymus under immunosuppression, and increase lymphocyte transformation rate and serum IgG.
(5) Anti-aging: The diploid cells (2BS cells) of human embryos were cultured in vitro, and it was found that the cells grew vigorously after tortoise shell treatment, and their division and proliferation increased significantly compared with the control group. When the cells in the control group began to decline, the tortoise shell group continued to rise. It is suggested that it can obviously promote the growth, proliferation and anti-aging of 2BS cells.
Tortoise shell can increase the content of superoxide dismutase, which is one of its anti-aging mechanisms.
Clinical application of tortoise shell
1. Treat the elderly and children with weakness, listlessness, soreness of waist and legs, etc.
2. Treating male and female infertility and climacteric syndrome.
3. Treat low fever caused by functional low fever, tuberculosis and bone tuberculosis.
I feel very weak after the tumor treatment.
5. Treat chronic nephritis, lupus nephritis, chronic pyelonephritis, backache, proteinuria, etc.
(6) Others
1. can resist atherosclerosis, reduce serum total lipid and cholesterol, increase coronary flow and improve myocardial hypoxia tolerance.
2. It has anti-tumor effect and has inhibitory effect on tumor models s 180 and Ul4.
3. It can excite the uterus of human and animals, strengthen the rhythmic contraction of the uterus and increase the tension.
4. Tortoise shell glue can increase the number of white blood cells.
5. Guiban decoction can antagonize the serum copper content of hyperthyroidism rats with yin deficiency, but it has no effect on zinc, so that the copper/zinc ratio decreases. Because copper is the catalyst of redox system, the reduction of serum copper can inhibit the catalytic process and relieve the symptoms of yin deficiency to some extent.
(7) Processing research
The frying rates of raw tortoise shell, sand-fried tortoise shell and vinegar-fried tortoise shell were 8.6%, 15.4% and 15, respectively. 2%。 The amino acid content is vinegar-quenched product > sand-fried product > raw product. It shows that the processing of tortoise shell is helpful to the dissolution of components (Sun Xiumei, et al. Analysis and comparison of the decoctions of tortoise shell and different processed products of tortoise shell. Chinese patent medicine, 1989
Dosage and usage
Pharmacopoeia dosage: 9 ~ 24g.
Clinical dosage: 9 ~ 15g.
Large dose: L5 ~ 30g.
Usage: decoct in water and paste.
Clinical experience of tortoise shell
(A) the best kidney medicine
Tortoise shell is flat, neither warm nor cold, which is the idea of the ancients? Turtle is the most yin thing in the yin? This means that this product is a good medicine for nourishing yin. Tortoise shell is mostly used according to TCM syndrome differentiation in clinic, and nourishing yin and tonifying kidney, replenishing essence and enriching blood are the most suitable. Tortoise shell is indeed one of the good medicines for tonifying kidney, and it is also a good medicine for tonifying kidney yin. It can regulate yin deficiency and yang deficiency in two directions, and can be used for kidney yin deficiency, kidney yang deficiency or deficiency of both yin and yang. For those with yin deficiency and excessive fire, it can be combined with Radix Rehmanniae, Rhizoma Anemarrhenae and Radix Ophiopogonis to nourish kidney yin. For patients with kidney-yang deficiency, it can be used to warm and tonify kidney-yang, such as antlers and dodder. The ancient prescription Guilu Erxian ointment is a famous prescription for tonifying kidney yin and kidney yang.
(2) Species of turtles
There are many kinds of turtles. Compendium of Materia Medica records three kinds of turtles: water turtle, Qin turtle and turtle. Modern turtles are very rare in the wild and belong to the scope of wildlife protection. Medicinal plants cultivated in ponds are all water turtles.
Turtle is a kind of turtle, listed in Compendium of Materia Medica? Function is specialized in detoxification? There are no clear instructions. In 1970s, tortoise shells were used instead of tortoise shells, which had the effect of softening and strengthening, but not nourishing yin. According to research, it has the function of improving immune function and has been used to treat tumors. Because of the protection of wild animals, it stopped long ago.
(3) Controversy about carapace and carapace.
Is the part of tortoise shell medicine good for the back or abdomen? There were different sayings in ancient times. Compendium of Materia Medica: The ancients used both upper and lower armour. It was not until "Japanese China" that the tortoise version was used, and later people took it as their teacher. ? Materia Medica for Japanese Scholars is a work in the Northern Song Dynasty, and it was first proposed to use turtle edition. At the beginning of Yuan Dynasty, Zhu Danxi proposed that Dabuyin Pills should be nailed. People always thought that the next one
It's good. Li Shizhen advocated the combination of upper and lower armour. According to the original textbook, the prescriptions of modern Chinese medicine are written in the roasted turtle version. The actual supply of medicinal materials company is the unified goods of shell and abdominal shell. According to the modern composition and pharmacological research, the upper and lower nails are basically the same, and there is no objection to long-term clinical use, which has been recognized. The new pharmacopoeia also uses the name tortoise shell.
(d) Disputes between raw tortoise shells and roasted tortoise shells.
Li Shizhen advocated the use of tortoise shells, the cloud: soaked in gray water, used for baking, crisp and yellow. Others use wine, vinegar, pig fat and ashes. ? Say it again: Now those who have been drilled, boiled, and sexual spirit are gone. ? Usually not raw. In the process of processing, first remove a layer of oil on the surface of the turtle shell and fry it with fire, that is, bake the turtle shell. It has been proved that the components of turtle shell can be dissolved more by roasting (Sun Xiumei et al., Analysis and comparison of decoctions of different processed products of turtle shell and upper shell. Chinese patent medicine, 1989 (10): 22).
If the tortoise shell is boiled in water, its efficacy is greatly reduced and it is not suitable for medicine.
The tortoise shell cracked. The famous lost tortoise version was cracked by fire. Li Shizhen pointed out that the loser's name is Chen Jiuru. ? After roasting and cracking, it should be beneficial for the effective components to be more soluble in water. The loser should not be the withered and cracked shell of the tortoise after its death.
Turtles are the longest-lived animals.
Turtles are the least active, slowest moving and longest-lived animals in the world. There is a famous saying? The tortoise can live for a thousand years without moving. This is in line with the regimen of Chinese medicine. According to Neijing, Yin Pingyang is the secret and Qi is the rule. ? If you don't work hard outside, you won't have thoughts in your heart. You should take pleasure as your service, self-satisfaction as your merit, keep your body open and keep your spirit together. You can count hundreds of them. ? It means that middle-aged and elderly people should be moderate in activities, not too tired, and relaxed and happy in spirit in order to live a hundred years. Excessive activity of the elderly will dissipate qi and blood, strain bones and muscles, and affect life expectancy, which is not advocated by Chinese medicine.
There are many reasons why turtles live longer. Slow metabolism, but persistence is one of the reasons; There must be an important undiscovered substance in the body, which has a powerful anti-aging effect. Therefore, Chinese medicine has regarded tortoise shell as the main anti-aging and longevity drug since ancient times.
(6) Used for immune diseases and tumors.
Tortoise shell has the function of improving immune function, mainly improving nonspecific immunity and cellular immunity. When used in compound therapy for autoimmune diseases, it has no effect on antibodies.
Tortoise shell is an important drug for treating immune diseases. When the patient's kidney yin and kidney essence are insufficient, whether it is autoimmune disease or immunodeficiency disease, people with hyperimmunity and hypoimmunity can use it.
My experience in treating lupus erythematosus is that baked tortoise shell is often added to the soup of lupus erythematosus, which is equivalent to Radix Rehmanniae, Artemisia annua, gypsum and Scutellaria baicalensis. Experience in treating chronic nephritis and lupus nephritis with long-term proteinuria; Baked tortoise shell for clearing kidney soup is equivalent to Radix Rehmanniae, Eucommiae Cortex, Rhododendron Manshuriensis and Sambucus williamsii, which can reduce proteinuria and improve renal function.
The immune function of tumor patients is low and needs long-term improvement. Baked tortoise shell is equivalent to baked tortoise shell, which can not only improve immune function, but also inhibit tumor, and is an anti-cancer medicine to enhance the body's resistance.
(7) About nourishing essence and blood
Those who lack the essence of Chinese medicine theory can be supplemented by taste, and tortoise plastron, tortoise plastron and tortoise-deer erxian ointment are one of the representative prescriptions. The syndrome differentiation of chronic diseases includes kidney yin deficiency and essence and blood deficiency, mainly hypoproteinemia and severe anemia. Transfusion of plasma and albumin is also necessary to replenish seminal blood.
Hypoalbuminemia, edema and ascites in patients with lupus nephritis, nephrotic syndrome and cirrhosis. If you can take Guijia Dihuang for a long time, on the one hand, it can reduce proteinuria, on the other hand, it can increase serum albumin and reduce albumin decomposition. For severe hypoproteinemia, even if the serum albumin is below 15 ~ 10g/L, the effect of albumin transfusion and taking drugs such as tortoise and deer to replenish essence and blood is better than that of albumin alone.
Tortoise shell has whitening effect. For patients with severe leukopenia, hemoglobin and platelets, it can be combined with Radix Polygoni Multiflori Preparata, Cornu Cervi Pantotrichum or Cornu Cervi to promote bone marrow hematopoiesis.
These diseases mentioned above are serious, and the recovery of laboratory indicators needs a process. Although it will not improve quickly in a short time, patients' conscious symptoms, especially fatigue, fatigue and other symptoms can be improved quickly. With the continuous improvement of symptoms, various inspection indexes will gradually improve until they return to normal.
(VIII) Treatment of bone and joint injuries
Bone and joint injuries are manifested as soreness of the waist and knees, kidney injuries and bone deficiency, such as rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis,
Drug-induced osteonecrosis, chronic osteoarthritis and other intermediate and advanced bone and joint injuries. The tortoise plastron can be used together with Dipsaci Radix, Cibotii Rhizoma, Sambucus williamsii and cornu Cervi, which can tonify kidney and strengthen bone and promote bone regeneration. The experience of tortoise shell in raw bone soup.
The combination of tortoise shell and turtle shell can help the tumor patients diagnosed as kidney yin deficiency to strengthen the body resistance and fight cancer.
(9) About hormone reduction
Immune patients who take glucocorticoid for a long time suffer from long-term negative feedback inhibition of adrenal cortex, and some even shrink, and their cortical function decreases and their level is low. Once the hormone is reduced, the condition will easily rebound. Therefore, patients who need hormone reduction need to determine the plasma cortisol content. If the plasma cortisol level is low, the cortisol level in the body must be raised first. Tortoise shell can promote adrenal cortex function, increase plasma cortisol content, and can be used equally with Radix Rehmanniae, Radix Morindae Officinalis and Herba Epimedii to improve hormone level in vivo.
Because the effect of corticosteroids is rapid, its curative effect and side effects occur simultaneously. In order to prevent the disease from rebounding, there must be a stage of taking the original amount of hormone and traditional Chinese medicine at the same time on the basis of stable condition, so that the function of adrenal cortex can gradually recover and then improve, and then gradually reduce prednisone. Rehmannia glutinosa and tortoise shell can accelerate this process.
(10) About anti-aging, health and longevity
As mentioned above, tortoise shell has the functions of improving immune function, regulating metabolic function, enhancing adrenal cortex function, scavenging oxygen free radicals and delaying cell aging, so long-term administration can improve the health of middle-aged and elderly people and prolong life. Zhu Danxi's point of view is that Yin is often insufficient and Yang is often redundant. From young to old, you have to replenish yin for life, so you have prepared Dabuyin Pills. Many yin-nourishing drugs, mainly tortoise shell, have anti-aging effects, and can achieve health and longevity if taken frequently.
(1 1) Nourishing yin is not cold or slippery, and tortoise shell is the best, but it has no effect of clearing away heat and toxic materials. It has no effect of lowering body temperature or removing toxins. For patients with yin deficiency and hyperactivity of yang, regulating metabolic function to improve internal heat needs to be used in combination with other drugs for nourishing yin and clearing heat to treat low fever.
Nourishing yin drugs mostly clear fire and smooth intestines, only tortoise shell does not cause smooth intestines, and can not be used for patients with chronic diarrhea and frequent defecation. For patients with chronic ulcerative colitis, tortoise plastron can be used together with drugs for invigorating spleen and kidney, clearing heat and promoting blood circulation.
"Herbal Xuan Tong" contains: Generally speaking, the drugs for nourishing yin and reducing fire are mostly cold products, but tortoise shell benefits the large intestine, stops diarrhea and makes people eat it. ? Most of the causes of nourishing yin drugs are caused by mucus. Tortoise shell contains no mucus and will not help wet stomach and smooth intestines.
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