The first fallacy: Questioning the justice of this war, thinking that North Korea is the aggressor and China's resistance to US aggression and aid Korea is aiding and abetting.
The second fallacy: Questioning the legitimacy of this war, thinking that it is unnecessary for China to make such a big sacrifice for North Korea, which should not and is not worth it.
The third fallacy: questioning the correctness of this war, thinking that this war is not worth the loss, and so many people have been sacrificed. As a result, the end of the war just returned to the 38th parallel, the starting point of the war.
It is necessary for us to refute these three fallacies according to the facts and clarify right and wrong with Marxism–Leninism's view of war.
First, is North Korea an aggressor?
No historical event can be evaluated in isolation from the world situation and the causes of the event at that time, and the so-called twists and turns of right and wrong can not be judged in isolation, unilaterally and ultimately.
1the first shot in the early morning of June 25th, 950 was not the real cause of the Korean War.
With the support of the United States, South Korea's Li Chengwan Group ignored the desire of peaceful reunification of the North and South Korean people, rejected the peaceful appeal of the legitimate representative of the North and South Korean people-the Korean Motherland Front, actively prepared for war, attempted to solve the people's political power in North Korea by military breakthrough, and forced North Korea to put the war of self-defense on the agenda.
This is the root cause of the Korean War.
In the late World War II,1February 1945, the heads of the Soviet Union, the United States and Britain reached an understanding on the Korean issue in the Yalta Agreement, which was jointly managed by China, the United States, Britain and the Soviet Union.
In July and August, the Potsdam Agreement was signed, which once again decided that North Korea should be entrusted by China, the Soviet Union, the United States and Britain. Because the US military could not land on the Korean peninsula at that time, only the operational dividing line between the Soviet Union and the US navy and air force was drawn.
According to the above agreement, the Soviet Union sent troops to northeast China and Korea, giving the Japanese Kwantung Army a final blow. Its vanguard troops into North Korea have crossed the 38th parallel.
At this time, the United States was too busy fighting against Japan to take care of North Korea, but in order to share the "dividend" of the Korean Peninsula war, it proposed to take the 38th parallel as the boundary and rule the Soviet Union.
Due to the situation and conditions at that time, the Soviet Union agreed to extend eastward with the 38th parallel as the boundary and divide North and South Korea, Japan and the United States. Although the Soviet Union's wish for Japan failed to come true, the 38th parallel became a national rift that the Korean nation could not heal.
However, the cracks in a country can have many prospects and solutions. Why did the 38th parallel on the Korean peninsula trigger a war that lasted for several years?
This is mainly because the United States supports South Korea's founding first, and the United States and the Li Chengwan clique have laid the bane of war.
1947, 12 In March, US President Truman put forward a new colonialist program, that is, Truman Doctrine, claiming that the United States has the mission of leading the "free world" and "assisting" the "revival" of some countries in order to "prevent the infiltration of capitalism".
His program is the origin of the Cold War and the bane of the Korean War.
1In February, 948, the United States manipulated the United Nations to make a resolution to allow the "United Nations Interim Committee for North Korea" to hold separate elections in North Korea. Then, through separate elections, the Government of the Republic of Korea was established on August 65438, 2005. On August 24th, South Korea and the United States signed the US-South Korea Interim Military Agreement.
1On September 9, 948, Pyongyang citizens celebrated the founding of the DPRK.
Under this circumstance, the Korean people held the Supreme People's Assembly of the DPRK on August 25th, 1948 (77.52% of voters in South Korea voted). On September 9, the Democratic People's Republic of Korea was founded. Soviet troops withdrew from North Korea at the end of February.
Since then, the Korean peninsula has formed a "confrontation between the two systems." From this point of view, the United States and the Li Chengwan clique cannot escape the responsibility of splitting the political system in North Korea.
North Korea seeks self-defense and military reunification in the hopeless situation of peaceful reunification.
After the founding of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, it pursued the policy of peaceful reunification and resolutely opposed the war policies of the United States and the Li Chengwan clique.
1949 From the beginning of June to the end of June, the "Korean United Democratic Motherland Front" was established. At the meeting attended by 704 representatives from North and South Korea, the proposal for peaceful reunification put forward by the Workers' Party of Korea and the 65,438+00 plan for peaceful reunification were adopted. At the end of June, the United States withdrew its troops from South Korea under the pressure of world public opinion.
Before and after, the right-wing forces in South Korea and the Li Chengwan clique ignored the call of the Korean Motherland Front and actively planned to solve the problem of national reunification by military means.
The method of peaceful reunification is no longer feasible, and the United States and South Korea oppose it; The efforts of the United States-Soviet Joint Commission and the United Nations General Assembly to resolve the North Korean issue failed. The Motherland Front, composed of representatives from the North and the South, cannot guarantee the peaceful reunification of the country.
When the South Korean reactionaries rejected the call for peaceful reunification put forward by the Motherland Front, the views of the North Korean leaders changed. "When they saw that the country could not be reunified by peaceful means, they came up with the idea of attacking the South Korean government by armed means to reunify the country" (Soviet ambassador to North Korea Shtikov's report to Stalin in September 1949).
1949 In March, during his visit to the Soviet Union, Kim Il Sung proposed to reunify Korea by force, hoping to get the support of the Soviet Union. Kim Il Sung delivered a speech at Moscow Railway Station.
1September 3, 949, North Korean leader Kim Il Sung proposed a military attack plan to the Soviet Embassy, but Stalin rejected it.
1950 On April 10, Kim Il Sung secretly arrived in Moscow and held talks with Stalin for more than ten days. Stalin repeatedly asked Kim Il Sung if he was sure of winning, whether the United States would intervene, and what to do if the United States intervened.
After receiving a positive answer from Kim Il Sung, Stalin finally agreed to fully support North Korea's military reunification plan.
Kim Il Sung took a group photo with Soviet military advisers.
However, Stalin asked Kim Il Sung to go to Beijing and ask Mao Zedong for advice on this plan.
According to Russian archives, there are two reports on the talks between special envoy Kim Il Sung and Mao Zedong.
One is May 1949, a telegram sent by the Soviet ambassador to North Korea, Shykov, from Pyongyang to Vischinski to transmit the information reported by Kim Il Sung; Entrusted by Mao Zedong, Kovalev, a Soviet military adviser, sent a telegram to Stalin from Beijing on May 65, 2008.
These two telegrams show the attitude of the China administration: "If the Americans leave and the Japanese don't come, in this case, we won't persuade North Korean comrades to attack South Korea."
From the above historical review of the causes and consequences of the Korean War and China's decision to send troops, we can draw a conclusion:
The Korean War is a continuation of politics and a war for the Korean nation to realize the reunification of the motherland. The separatist regime supported by the United States and Li Chengwan's policy of "northern reunification" have buried hidden dangers of war. We can't simply judge the nature of the war by North Korea's "first shot", let alone arbitrarily accuse North Korea of being an "aggressor" with western public opinion.
Civil war can only be divided into progress and reaction, revolution and counter-revolution, not aggression and being invaded.
At that time, Wu Xiuquan, the representative of China, questioned the representative of the United States at the United Nations General Assembly: "We want to ask the representative of the United States that there was a civil war in the United States in the 1960s of 19. At that time, President Lincoln led the armed forces of the northern states to attack the southern states. Do the representatives of the United States think that this is the aggression of the north against the south, and President Lincoln is the biggest aggressor leading this aggression? "
"People all over the world are asking such a question to the ruling group in the United States. How can Koreans invade Koreans? "
Lenin once said: "The nature of war (reactionary war or revolutionary war) lies not in who attacks and whose country the' enemy' is, but in which class fought this war and what kind of political continuation this war is."
Second, should China resist US aggression and aid Korea?
He called on the people of the whole country and the people all over the world to unite and make full preparations to defeat any provocation of American imperialism.
On September 15, the invading US troops landed in Incheon with their 1st 1 Marine Division, 7th Infantry Division and 1st 1 South Korean Army, with the cooperation of a large number of planes and naval guns.
The Korean People's Army was caught between Scylla and Charybdis, and the war situation reversed sharply. On September 28th, the enemy occupied Seoul and continued to advance towards the 38th parallel.
Faced with this situation, Premier Zhou Enlai warned the United States at the China People's Political Consultative Conference celebrating the first anniversary of the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC) on September 30: "The people of China love peace, but in order to defend peace, they will never and will never be afraid to resist the war of aggression. The people of China cannot tolerate foreign aggression, nor can they allow imperialism to ignore the wanton aggression of neighboring countries. "
Later, Zhou Enlai met with Indian Ambassador to China Panikar and told the American authorities: "American troops tried to cross the 38th parallel and expand the war. If the US military really does this, we can't sit idly by and we must deal with it. "
However, the United States ignored the warning of the south Korean people, and in June 5438+00+0, shilled the south Korean army to cross the 38th parallel. Subsequently, the US military also crossed the 38th parallel, madly invaded northern China, and burned the war to the Yalu River on the northeast border of China.
On the day when the South Korean army crossed the 38th parallel, Kim Il Sung formally asked the China government for "special assistance" to help the Korean people fight. The issue of South Korean troops sending troops to North China has been put on the agenda of the China government and the central government.
65438+1In the early morning of October 2, Mao Zedong telegraphed Jeremy goldkorn and Deng Hua, asking Jeremy goldkorn to come to Beijing for a meeting as soon as possible, and asking Deng Hua and the Northeast Frontier Force to complete the preparatory work in advance and stand by at any time.
Then at the beginning of 10/0, Mao Zedong presided over a meeting of the Politburo to discuss the issue of sending troops to participate in the war. There were two opinions at that time: one advocated not sending troops, or not sending troops for the time being. Another opinion is to actively advocate sending troops.
After listening to the opinions of all parties, Mao Zedong said with deep affection: "What you said is reasonable, but others are in a national crisis, and we stand by and watch. Anyway, we are also sad. "
After careful consideration, the Political Bureau of the Central Committee finally made a formal decision: to send troops to Korea, to resist US aggression and aid Korea, and to defend the country.
On October 8th, 65438/KLOC-0, an order was issued in the name of the Chairman of the People's Revolutionary Military Commission of China to change the northeast border guards to Chinese people's Volunteer Army, and immediately sent to North Korea, and Peng was appointed as the commander and political commissar of Chinese people's Volunteer Army.
But at this time, the Soviet Union indicated that its air force was not ready, and it would take two or two and a half months to deploy and support Chinese people's Volunteer Army. In view of this, Mao Zedong must think carefully. So, in June 10, 12, volunteering was temporarily suspended.
65438+1October 65438+March the meeting of the Political Bureau of the CPC was held again for research. Finally, it was decided that even if the Soviet Union did not send air force to participate in the war for the time being, we would rather endure some losses for the time being and send troops to participate in the war.
Mao Zedong called Zhou Enlai, who was negotiating with the Soviet Union. "We think we should participate in the war, and we must participate in the war. The benefits of participating in the war are great, and the losses of not participating in the war are great. "
Subsequently, Mao Zedong and the Central Military Commission issued an order: Volunteers entered the DPRK to participate in the war in June+10/October+September, 65438.
At this point, the people and army of China started an epic war to resist US aggression and aid Korea, which lasted for two years and nine months.
Therefore, it is very prudent for President Mao Zedong and the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China to make the decision to enter the Korean War.
At that time, the comrades who advocated not participating in the war, delaying participating in the war, and participating in the war were mainly based on the following reasons: China has just been founded and everything is ready, and it needs a process of recuperation; Relying on the victory of World War II and under the banner of the United Nations, the US military was the number one military power at that time, and the gap between our military weapons and equipment was wide. In addition, when going abroad to fight, our sergeant and soldiers are unfamiliar with each other, so it is difficult to give full play to the advantages of our army relying on base areas and large-scale circuitous operations. At that time, our army lacked experience in implementing modern warfare.
President Mao Zedong believes that these views are "all reasonable, but others are in a national crisis, and we stand by and watch. Anyway, we are also sad. " This is from the perspective of macro-strategic pattern and internationalism.
But from a deeper national interest, President Mao Zedong believes that if North Korea falls, the US-South Korea military alliance will reach the Yalu River, have a strategic channel to attack me by land, and can find any excuse to wage war against me at any time. By then, from the northeast frontier to the southeast coast, China will never have peace.
From the strategic layout, half of China's heavy industry bases are located in the northeast. At that time, China's steel output was only1144 of that of the United States, of which more than 80% was concentrated in Liaoning province in the northeast, Shenyang was the national machinery manufacturing center, half of the industries in the northeast were concentrated in the south, and Nanman Power Station was also located here.
If North Korea falls, these important strategic places will be directly threatened by American planes. Even Beijing, the capital of China, is within the radius of American bombers, and China's strategic rear and economic and political center will become the front line or strategic depth.
Mao Zedong said: "If we don't return to the 38th parallel and the front lines are still in the Yalu River and Tumen River, the people of Fushun, Anshan, Shenyang will not be able to work with peace of mind."
In addition, if the US troops occupy North Korea, their arrogance will be even more arrogant, and they will even push their luck, further supporting the Chiang Kai-shek clique to make trouble with me, and the domestic reactionary forces will have nothing to hide. The United States will further intervene in Vietnam, Myanmar and other countries.
At that time, China will be in a passive situation of internal and external attack, China's security will be lost, and the people of the whole country will lose their sense of security. How can we build with peace of mind? Besides, we have publicly promised that if American troops cross the 38th parallel, we will deal with it. However, when American troops crossed the 38th parallel, we turned a blind eye and would lose faith in the international community.
Therefore, China has waged a rational, powerful and restrained struggle. General Wu Xiuquan, head of China's delegation to the United Nations, once said righteously, "Can you imagine that Italy has the right to occupy Corsica because of the Spanish Civil War? Can you imagine that Britain has the right to occupy Florida in the United States because of the Mexican Civil War? This is unreasonable and unimaginable. " It's true. Hit the floor.
Similarly, there is no reason for the United States to invade China's territory, Taiwan Province Province, because of the Korean Civil War and burn the war to the northeast border of China.
There is aggression, there is resistance, it is necessary for China to send troops!
As Mao Zedong 195 1 10 said in his speech at the Third Session of the First Session of Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference on October 23rd, "We don't want to invade any country, we just oppose the imperialist aggression against us.
As we all know, the people of China would not have fought against the American troops if they had not occupied Taiwan Province Province, invaded the Democratic People's Republic of Korea and invaded the northeast border of China. But now that the American invaders have attacked us, we have to raise the banner of anti-aggression, which is absolutely necessary and just, and the people all over the country understand this necessity and justice. "
At that time, people all over the country understood this truth. I don't know why some people are beginning to get confused or even pretend to be confused now.
John toland, a famous American historian, once said, "China sent troops to Korea out of national interests and was forced to do so. If the Soviet Union invades Mexico, then the United States will decide to send troops within five minutes. " Thus, China's decision to send troops was completely forced, just and wise.
Third, is it not worth the loss to resist US aggression and aid Korea?
First of all, let's be clear here that the Korean War and the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea are not wars.
The Korean War began on1June 25th, 950. This is the civil war of the Korean nation, and the United States has no right to interfere.
The War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea started on1October 25th, 1950. When American imperialism occupied Taiwan Province Province, the treasure island of our country, the war spread to the border of our country, and our army was forced to carry out an anti-aggression war with internationalism, so we had to fight.
If the Korean War is a draw, it is understandable, because the Korean People's Army fought from the 38th parallel and finally returned to the 38th parallel.
China's War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea was not. We started from the Yalu River, once hit the 37th line, and finally stabilized at the 38th line.
According to the calculation of latitude 1 10.94km and latitude 40 07 near Dandong at the mouth of Yalu River, the Yalu River is about 230km away from the 38th parallel and 340km away from the 37th parallel. Chinese people's Volunteer Army advanced more than 300 kilometers in extremely harsh combat environment, and recovered the lost land of North Korea.
From any angle, China won the battle.
The victory of the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea has won us a long-term environment for peaceful construction. Without the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, we could not get rid of the label of "poor and white" quickly.
The War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea kept our country from fighting for at least 70 years.
Facts have proved that war can not directly create material wealth, but can directly create spiritual wealth. In other words, war is not only a negative factor, but also a certain positive factor. The movement to resist U.S. aggression and aid Korea and defend the country greatly inspired the patriotic enthusiasm of the people throughout the country.
According to the book Contemporary China Finance, the annual fiscal revenue of/kloc-0 was 65 1 0.90 billion yuan,10.3310.40 billion yuan, and the fiscal revenue of10.952 was 6510.90 billion yuan. It grows exponentially almost every year.
From these facts, we can see that in the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, China's economy was not greatly damaged, but also developed, which was unprecedented in the history of China War.
The War to Resist U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea received assistance from the Eastern Group headed by the Soviet Union, which laid the foundation for China's industrialization and national defense modernization.
The figures are 1954, 10, 1.
1954 Chinese army was equipped with Soviet-made equipment and imitations, * * * equipped with 106 infantry division, 18 ground artillery division, 8 anti-aircraft artillery division, 3 tank division and 23 aviation division. At that time, the Soviet Union assisted China 156 project and implemented 150 project, among which 144 project was related to the military industry.
It took China less than ten years and several billion RMB to build a basically complete industrial and national defense system, creating a miracle with the lowest cost and the shortest time in the world. In other words, in the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, our enemies forced us to establish the foundation of national defense and military modernization.
In the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, our greatest gain was to show our national strength and military strength.
We are faced with the world's strongest enemy, American imperialism, which is armed to the teeth, and the 17-country allied forces which are twice as big as Eight-Nation Alliance.
1950, the total industrial and agricultural output value of China was 57.4 billion yuan (calculated at the ratio of RMB to USD 2.5: 1 at that time, it was only equivalent to USD 22.96 billion), while the gross national product of the United States in that year was USD 284.8 billion, more than twice that of China. The steel output of China is 606,000 tons, and that of the United States is 87.72 million tons, which is 1.44 times that of China.
1950 10, the United States has invested 1200 combat aircraft in the Korean battlefield, and only10 can China barely fight; The United States has invested nearly 300 naval vessels, and China's navy has not yet formed combat effectiveness;
The United States has invested more than 800 tanks, and China's armored forces are being formed. The 10 group of 400 tanks ordered from the Soviet Union has just arrived; On average, the US Army is equipped with 4 people 1 vehicle, and the Chinese Army is equipped with 500 people 1 vehicle. The firepower intensity of a US regiment is higher than that of an army in China.
According to the Chinese information at that time, an American army (three divisions) was equipped with 1.500 guns, while an American army only had 36 guns of the same kind. In wartime, the US military projected 3.3 million tons of ammunition, while China only consumed 250,000 tons of ammunition.
Under such a disparity in strength, the Chinese and Korean armed forces have created a historical miracle. During the three years and one month's battle, * * * killed or captured more than 390,000 people, including 390,000 Americans, which dealt a heavy blow to the aggressive arrogance of the United States. The United States consumed a lot of materials in the war, and the war expenditure reached $83 billion, second only to its consumption in the Second World War.
Chinese people's Volunteer Army broke the invincible myth of American imperialism in this war.
When New China was founded, Mao Zedong solemnly declared that the people of China had stood up. This fact was not really recognized by everyone at that time.
The victory of the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea taught the imperialists and educated those who were afraid of the American disease. The prestige of the new China has never been higher, and the people of China have not only stood up, but also been called the giants of the East.
Former US President Hoover once lamented: "The myth is shattered, and it turns out that we are not invincible."
Mark clark, the third commander-in-chief of the "United Nations Army", once left a classic sentence: "1In May, 952, I was appointed commander-in-chief of the United Nations Army, representing 17 countries and resisting the aggression of the South Korean producers' party. 15 months later, I signed an armistice agreement and temporarily stopped the war on that unfortunate peninsula. For me, it also means the end of my 40-year military career.
This is a position with the highest military experience, but it has no glory. In carrying out the instructions of our government, I won an unenviable honor, that is, I became the first commander of the US Army to sign an unsuccessful armistice treaty in history. I feel disappointed and miserable. I think my predecessors, General MacArthur and General Li Qiwei, must feel the same way. "
At 9: 00 am on July 27th, 1953, Peng, Li Kenong and other volunteers walked into the negotiation and signing hall of Panmunjom in North Korea with steady and proud steps.
Marshal Peng proudly said that in the past, the history that western powers put several cannons along the coast of China and sent 20,000 people to Eight-Nation Alliance to March into the capital of China was over.
Lieutenant General Li Jijun, former vice president of the Academy of Military Sciences, said emotionally: "It is the volunteers who have resisted all enemies and made our China advance for the first time in a hundred years. China can stand today because the volunteers stood on the 38th parallel and Shangganling. We feel the dignity they have won for the motherland and the people all the time today. "
Colonel Bowser, the director of operations of the first division of the US Marine Corps, who was badly hit by Chinese people's Volunteer Army in the battle of Changjin Lake, wrote in his memoirs: "I believe that the ice and snow in Lake Changjin and the fatal blow of China's army regardless of casualties are nightmares that haunt every marine forever."
I said, this is the greatest historical achievement of the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea!
This is what we call the gains and losses of the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea-
The benefits of participating in the war are great, and the losses of not participating in the war are great.