Therefore, old; Accept, accept, absorb. "Zhuangzi Deliberately" wrote "Get new by getting rid of the old", saying: "Blow a kiss and breathe, get new by getting rid of the old. Bears borrow birds to stretch out, just for longevity. " The original intention is to make people healthy and live longer through these actions and exercises, which is one of the methods of Taoist health preservation. Refers to spitting out turbid gas and inhaling clear gas. The latter metaphor rejects the old and absorbs the new. Ming and Meng Chu's "Surprised at the First Moment" Volume 17: "Fix the truth and refine the nature, spit out the old and absorb the new, refine the spine and prolong life, and cook lead and mercury to keep things." Cai Minglu's Tale of Picking Medicine Pearls: "Go to court every night, learn new things and spit out the old ones, and work silently."
From this idiom, we can see the doorway of TCM health preservation. In fact, there are many books about health preservation in the history of China. Paying attention to absorbing its essence and eliminating its dross has a lot of positive significance for today's health care and preventive medicine research, so that people can live and work in a good physical and mental state.
As early as ancient times, our ancestors had the concept of longevity. According to "Shang Shu Hong Fan", Five Blessingg's first blessing is longevity, and the first of the six poles is fierce and short. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the theory of health preservation sprouted, and almost every family in the works of pre-Qin philosophers had a discussion on fitness and longevity: the "five don't eat" in the Analects of Confucius talked about diet health preservation, and the "three commandments" talked about emotional health preservation; Mozi abstains from sex and stresses health; Guanzi advocates preserving essence and keeping in good health; "Internal Skill" says: "Those who are refined are also refined, and those who are refined in qi are also refined" and "essence is self-generated"; Yang Zhu put forward "full fidelity, not tired of things"; Xunzi advocated exercise for health preservation, saying that "the shape of the body is born of God" and "prepare and move, and the sky can't get sick". Laozi, Zhuangzi and Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals and Huangdi's Internal Classic have the most detailed discussion on health preservation.
Taoism advocates the return of quietism to nature, so Laozi put forward the idea of "quietness to cultivate nature": "simplicity and keep it simple, less selfishness and less desire" and "vanity and keep it clean". On Zhuangzi Wuqi further puts forward the viewpoint of "nourishing the spirit with emptiness", and holds that "solid shape can make it look like a log, and solid heart can make it look like ashes", "ignore it, hold the spirit to be quiet", "nature is pure, only keep the spirit" and "look at the sky because of its nature". Under the guidance of this theory, there have been nourishing techniques such as "sitting and forgetting", "heart fasting", "listening to qi and sitting quietly" and "sitting quietly with guangchengzi".
Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals was written in Qin State, where legalist thoughts dominated. The enterprising spirit of Legalists is embodied in health preservation, resulting in the theory of "moving without shape": "Running water does not rot, houses are not built, but move." So is Qi. If the shape does not move, the essence will not flow, and if the essence does not flow, the qi will be depressed. ""with its new, abandon its Chen, ashamed of it, and refined. The evil spirit has gone, and its days are numbered. Under the impetus of this thought, ancient massage techniques developed rapidly. The grand development of massage techniques in the pre-Qin period can be inferred from Shuowen Jiezi written in Huangdi Neijing and the Guide Map unearthed from the Han Tomb of Mawangdui in Changsha.
Huangdi Neijing is the earliest known medical work in China, and it is also a summary of the pre-Qin health preserving theory. The word "harmony" runs through his health preserving thought;
Harmony of yin and yang. "Life is based on Yin and Yang." "Born from Yin and Yang, you will die if you go against it." Therefore, the ancient real people "grasped Yin and Yang and breathed the essence", and the medieval real people "reconciled Yin and Yang and adjusted the four seasons" can live forever.
Harmony between man and nature. "There are saints who are in harmony with heaven and earth and follow the eight winds", so the longevity can be as many as hundreds. "In the spring, the sun be the spirit is less, and the liver-qi changes internally. Going against the summer, the sun is not long, and the heart is empty; Anti-autumn, Taiyin, lung full of coke, anti-winter, less yin not hiding, kidney alone. "
Harmony of form and spirit. "Qi and blood are reconciled, Roewe is connected, the five internal organs become, the spirit gives up the heart, and the soul becomes a person." If "all the five internal organs are empty, there is no essence", you will "end up alone" Therefore, it is said that "those who are not there die, and those who get God live." "Form and qi are born in the same phase, but they are dead if they are not." "Qi and blood are not harmonious, and all diseases change." This theory has a far-reaching impact on the medical care of later generations.
Dong Zhongshu in the Western Han Dynasty inherited the pre-Qin Confucian medical theory, advocated "strengthening the body by following the heaven", emphasized that "the way of human nature is the image of the heaven", pushed the essence of the earth, transported Yin and Yang to avoid rebellion, and followed the sum of Yin and Yang to gain the Thai heaven and earth. Those who win heaven and earth live a long life, in fact, they inherited the theory of "Shuntian Movement" in the pre-Qin period. Xun Yue in the Eastern Han Dynasty said in "Shen Jian Vulgar Suspicion": "Those who are good at qi must be treated (Jude)." "So, the gentleman's day announces his anger and don't let him feel guilty." The theory of guiding and promoting the popularity of qi and blood was applied to the operation of promoting qi circulation, and the operation of guiding qi circulation in the body was established: "If the husband guides qi storage, he will experience internal vision, if he exceeds it, he will lose it, which can cure all diseases." This technique of "seeing through the five internal organs" created a technical precedent for Inner alchemy in the Tang and Song Dynasties, which promoted qi circulation in Xiaotian and Great Britain. Under the guidance of this theory, doctors in the Eastern Han Dynasty put forward that "the limbs feel heavy stagnation, that is, guiding breathing, acupoints and rubbing, so as not to block the nine orifices" (Zhang Zhongjing's synopsis of the golden chamber, Fang Lun), and "if you shake it, the qi in the valley will disappear, and the pulse will not be born" (Hua Tuo, see later Han Shu, Ji Fang). Therefore, the famous program instruction ".
During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, the theory of dynamic and static health care began to merge, and both dynamic and static health care were paid equal attention. The Western Jin manuscript Kang's Theory of Health Care once said that "to guide and nurture by reason and make the best of life" can lead to a long life, and it is necessary to "cultivate one's nature to protect one's spirit and settle one's mind with the whole body", "quiet and indifferent, selfish and lacking desires" and "indifferent and peaceful". Breathing and breathing, eating and keeping in good health, so that the form and spirit are in harmony, and both the exterior and the interior are beneficial "to achieve the purpose of protecting the spirit and keeping in good health, which not only advocates clearing away deficiency and keeping in good health, but also advocates breathing and keeping in good health. Under the influence of this theory, there is also a phenomenon of sharing health care.
Ge Hong criticized the narrow-minded practice of the previous generation of health experts, and stressed that only by learning a variety of techniques can we "nourish the spirit inside" and "exorcise evil spirits outside". Therefore, in Bao Puzi, there is a summary discussion on alchemy, qi circulation, guidance, sexual intercourse, feeding and avoiding grain since the Han and Wei Dynasties.
Tao Hongjing, a health care scientist in the Song and Liang Dynasties in the Southern Dynasties, inherited this tradition, and sorted out the health care theories and techniques from the beginning of the Yellow River, the beginning of agriculture to the beginning of Wei and Jin Dynasties in Health Care Record, and studied and discussed the circulation of qi, guidance, alchemy and massage. This eclectic tradition has been inherited by successful health care practitioners in later generations. Qi, guidance, food, massage and other health-preserving techniques are widely used in the Etiology of Chao in Sui Dynasty, Qianjin Yao by Sun Simiao in early Tang Dynasty, and even in the health-preserving works of Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties.
During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, Sun Simiao, on the basis of Daokang's theory, and under the guidance of conforming to nature and the thought of "letting nature take its course and nourishing nature", made a more appropriate discussion on the theory of movement in the concept of health preservation, and put forward that "running water does not rot", health preservation is expensive to move, while "being exhausted is beyond the ear", and health preservation should also be advocated. Lying for a long time hurts the spirit, and advocates that people should stop at the right time, adjust their bones and muscles with the method of "stiff back" (that is, guidance), eliminate diseases and evil spirits, and promote health with the method of "reinforcing and purging", suppress anger and happiness with all yin and yang, save the deficit with vegetation, and ensure that they do not bend when taking the elixir, while "the theory of nourishing nature is the same", emphasizing exercise. Under the impetus of this theory, sui and Tang dynasties presented a confluence of various technologies. For example, Brahman Massage and Laozi Massage recorded in Yang Fangxing combine guidance and massage, and Sima's health-keeping exercises combine combing hair, chewing teeth, promoting qi circulation, massage and guidance, creating a construction model for the emergence of the famous stylized guidance Tai Ji Chuan.
Chen Tuan, a Taoist priest in the early Song Dynasty, inherited Wei Boyang's theory of "returning to Yuan" and published "The Infinite Map" on the stone wall of Huashan Mountain. The map is "circular, with five elements in four, from bottom to top. On the first day, it is the gate of Xuanbei, and on the second day, it refines gas and spirit, positioning the third and fifth elements. On that day, the five elements are facing the Yuan Dynasty; The fourth time, yin and yang cooperate to make up the spine every day. On the last day, the spirit is still empty and belongs to the infinite. " From bottom to top, the law of Chengdan is based on opposition. "
On the basis of the theory of human body's small universe, Infinite Diagram established the theoretical framework of Inner Dan's life inverse evolution theory, concretized and programmed the life inverse evolution theory of "returning to yuan", and explained the basic steps of Inner Dan's "refining and blasting, and turning the spirit into emptiness", thus achieving the basic skeleton of Inner Dan's theory. In the mid-Northern Song Dynasty, Zhang Boduan devoted himself to the study of "The Infinite Map" and accumulated a lifetime of knowledge. In the eighth year of Bei Xining (1075), he wrote the Five True Chapters, expounding the principle of Inner alchemy and its cultivation methods, and reiterating that the cultivation of vitality should be carried out in the opposite direction according to the law of the metaplasia of all things, saying: "Great alchemy skillfully uses the method of practicing Kun, and the Kun transports the five elements; The five elements follow the path of life and death, and the five elements are against the qi of Dan. " Xue Daoguang pointed out: "Yang is the master of life, Yin is the master of death, and a person will die all his life. Once he comes, he is a natural person who is always logical. Saints must do it, reverse yin and yang, reverse nature, make Gankun the tripod, steal an innate device as Dan, and refine it with Dan. Into the invisible, and the Tao is one, the Tao is infinite, and the fairy has an end? "
Under the guidance of these theories and theories, this theory of "reverse immortality" is a theory of reverse evolution of life based on the philosophy of "harmony between man and nature", and it is the crystallization of ancient times-the method of moving qi in silence-the method of moving qi in Inner Dan, the method of moving qi in Xiao Zhou and the crystallization of ancient guidance-Taiji Zhuan.
Tai Ji Chuan was created by Nan Chen on the basis of the thirty-two potentials in Qi Jiguang's Boxing Classic, combined with Huang Tingjing's method of "Shu Xi is outside the house, going in and out of the abdomen". This kind of exercise is guided by the Taiji theory of "Tai Chi moves to generate yang, quietness to generate yin, quietness to move again, quietness to move, and mutual foundation" (Zhou Dunyi's Illustration of Tai Chi), which requires the close combination of consciousness, breathing and movement during exercise, so as to achieve the organic unity of hands, eyes, body, steps, breathing and breathing, and to pursue a high degree of freedom of body and yearning for qi. Its boxing posture and movements are like Tai Chi, arc-shaped, telescopic and rotating, coherent and vivid. Internal qi originates in the abdomen, and the limbs are curved around the waist. Through waist rotation, spine rotation and other arc movements, qi is guided by the heart, permeates the whole body, passes through Ren Du, Dai and Chong Mai, so that the internal qi reaches the limbs with arm rotation, wrist rotation and knee rotation, and then returns to the abdomen, which becomes a combination of static and dynamic.
A drop of water reflects the brilliance of the sun. Throughout the history of TCM health care, it can be seen that it is profound: longevity has skills and health care has a good prescription. It will be of great benefit to absorb the essence of ancient health preservation and use it for modern times.