Any disease that causes cerebral blood circulation disorder and brain tissue function or structure damage due to cerebral vascular occlusion or rupture can be called stroke. Therefore, stroke can be roughly divided into two categories, ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke, which generally refers to ischemia or bleeding of cerebral arterial system.
Ischemic stroke accounts for 60% ~ 70% of the total number of stroke patients, mainly including cerebral thrombosis and cerebral embolism. The former is due to arterial stenosis, which gradually forms thrombus in the lumen and eventually blocks the artery. The latter is caused by an abnormal substance in the blood stream called an embolus blocking the artery, such as an embolus that falls off in the heart of some heart patients. Both cerebral thrombosis and cerebral embolism can be called' cerebral infarction'. Some patients with ischemic stroke are caused by gradually narrowing and eventually occlusion of cerebral arterioles, and there is neither thrombus nor embolus in the lumen. This condition is also called cerebral infarction. In addition, there are some patients whose cerebral vessels are not really blocked, but only temporary ischemia, which can also cause symptoms of transient brain injury, which is called transient ischemic attack, commonly known as "small stroke" or "small pawn".
Hemorrhagic stroke accounts for 30% to 40% of stroke patients, which can be divided into cerebral hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage according to the different bleeding sites. Cerebral hemorrhage, commonly known as "cerebral hemorrhage", is caused by the rupture of cerebral artery and blood spilling into brain tissue. Subarachnoid hemorrhage is the rupture of blood vessels on the surface or bottom of the brain, and blood directly enters the subarachnoid space containing cerebrospinal fluid and white matter.
Common causes of cerebrovascular diseases
(1) Hypertension and atherosclerosis are the most common causes of cerebrovascular diseases. According to some data, 93% patients with cerebral hemorrhage have a history of hypertension, 86% patients with cerebral thrombosis have a history of hypertension, and 70% patients with cerebrovascular diseases have a history of atherosclerosis.
(2) Heart disease is one of the main causes of cerebral embolism. Rheumatism, hypertension, coronary atherosclerotic heart disease and subacute bacterial endocarditis may all produce mural thrombus. When heart failure or atrial fibrillation occurs, the thrombus will fall off and flow to the cerebral artery to cause embolism. Because the embolus can fall off repeatedly, it is easy to relapse.
(3) Aneurysms and arteriovenous malformations caused by abnormal intracranial vascular development are common causes of subarachnoid hemorrhage and cerebral hemorrhage, which often rupture and bleed many times.
(4) Some inflammations can invade meninges and cerebral vessels, or invade cerebral vessels alone to cause cerebral arteritis, such as suppurative, tuberculous, fungal inflammation and rheumatism, which can cause cerebrovascular diseases.
(5) Hematological diseases such as thrombocytopenic purpura, polycythemia and leukemia often cause hemorrhagic cerebrovascular diseases. A few people have ischemic cerebrovascular disease.
(6) Metabolic diseases such as diabetes and hyperlipidemia are closely related to cerebrovascular diseases. It is reported that 30% and 40% of patients with cerebrovascular diseases suffer from diabetes, and the incidence of arteriosclerosis in diabetic patients is five times higher than that in normal people. The time of arteriosclerosis occurs earlier than that in normal people, and the degree of arteriosclerosis is also heavier.
(7) All kinds of trauma, poisoning, brain tumor and brain tumor after radiotherapy can cause ischemic or hemorrhagic cerebrovascular diseases.
Risk factors and prevention of stroke
Stroke is currently the third largest risk factor for death in the United States. It is also quite common in China. At present, although the treatment of stroke has made progress, it is still very difficult. Therefore, understanding the risk factors of stroke and preventing stroke are the key to prevent and treat stroke.
The risk factors of stroke include age, race, family history, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, smoking, heart disease, atherosclerotic plaque in aortic root and arch, internal carotid artery stenosis, cerebral arteritis caused by various reasons, and hematological diseases, such as polycythemia. Rare causes are metabolic abnormalities, such as mitochondrial diseases.
Stroke can be prevented. People can't change their age, race and family history, but they can control hypertension, reduce blood lipid, control diabetes and quit smoking. Studies have shown that the risk of stroke in patients with hypertension is 3. 1 times that of normal people; The stroke risk of hyperlipidemia, especially high cholesterol, is 1.3 ~ 2.9 times that of normal people; Diabetes increases the risk of stroke by 2-3 times; The stroke risk of smokers is 1.5 times that of non-smokers. In the United States, many people suffer from hypertension, hyperlipidemia and diabetes at the same time, and they smoke, so the risk of stroke is very high.
To reduce your risk of stroke, you should first actively cooperate with your doctor and take antihypertensive drugs on time. There are many drugs to treat hyperlipidemia, but the most important thing is to control diet and increase exercise. If a person eats more, exercises less and consumes less, the excess energy will be converted into body fat and cholesterol. These excess fats and cholesterol will not only make people obese, but also deposit on the walls of blood vessels, which will block blood vessels in the future and cause a stroke. Diabetes and smoking can lead to microangiopathy and stroke. Therefore, the first key to prevent stroke is to control hypertension, reduce blood lipid, treat diabetes and quit smoking. If you can do the above, your risk of stroke will be greatly reduced.
Stroke is not a sudden attack, and the five major causes cannot be ignored.
1, hypertension
Many middle-aged and elderly people are troubled by high blood pressure. Suffering from high blood pressure will bring great pressure to our blood vessels, which will easily lead to blood vessel damage, burst and other problems in the long run. When these blood vessels are located in the brain, it is easy to cause a stroke.
Step 2 smoke
Long-term smoking is an important cause of stroke. The high content of nicotine and other harmful substances in tobacco will lead to the increase of heart rate and blood pressure in the body. Smoking will also lead to disorder of coagulation mechanism, platelet aggregation, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and easily lead to stroke.
3. Lack of exercise
Many people lack exercise for a long time in their lives, some because they have no time, while others are simply lazy. Long-term lack of exercise is likely to lead to arteriosclerosis, and when blood vessels are abnormal, it is likely to cause a stroke.
4. Abnormal cerebral vessels
Some people suffer from stroke because of abnormal development of brain blood vessels. Aneurysms and arteriovenous malformations will appear when cerebral vascular development is abnormal, which is one of the important incentives for most stroke patients. These people have a high chance of blood vessel rupture, which will lead to a stroke.
5. Obesity
Obesity is also a cause of stroke. Most obese people are accompanied by metabolic syndrome such as hyperlipidemia, hypertension and hyperglycemia. These diseases are easy to damage blood vessels, cause thrombosis and eventually lead to stroke. Therefore, the risk of stroke in overweight people increases with the increase of weight.
Since stroke is not a sudden attack, there are many factors behind it, so what should we do to prevent it?
Generally speaking, stroke actually refers to the acute attack of cerebrovascular disease in medicine.
From the big classification, cerebrovascular diseases can be divided into two categories:
Why do you get cerebrovascular disease (stroke)?
First of all, birth, aging, illness and death are natural laws. To put it simply, everyone dies, but for different reasons. There may be accidents or diseases.
Secondly, the following factors are related to cerebrovascular diseases (stroke):
First aid method:
In fact, we really don't have many first aid methods for patients with cerebrovascular disease, because most of the first aid occurs outside the hospital, and it is impossible for us to accurately judge whether the patient is a hemorrhagic disease or an ischemic disease (the treatment methods for ischemic cerebrovascular disease and hemorrhagic cerebrovascular disease are opposite). Therefore, it is the most important first aid method to judge the onset of cerebrovascular disease in time and send it to the hospital.
2, the correct and timely to the hospital.
3. Never:
There are many risk factors leading to stroke. The more risk factors a person has for stroke, the greater the risk of stroke. Risk factors mainly include the following points:
1, hypertension: the increase of blood pressure can aggravate the speed and degree of arteriosclerosis development. The higher the blood pressure, the greater the probability of thrombosis.
2. Atherosclerosis: A layer of lipid is deposited on the arterial wall, which reduces arterial elasticity and narrows the lumen. Atherosclerosis can cause unstable plaques in arteries (especially carotid arteries); When plaque ruptures, it will produce thrombus, block blood vessels and affect blood supply to the brain.
3, heart disease: heart disease is a common risk factor for stroke, such as coronary heart disease, atrial fibrillation, cardiac insufficiency and so on. Among them, atrial fibrillation is one of the most common arrhythmia, and the most serious harm of atrial fibrillation is ischemic stroke. The probability of ischemic stroke in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation is 2-7 times that in patients without atrial fibrillation. The incidence of ischemic stroke in patients with coronary heart disease is five times that in patients without coronary heart disease.
4. Hyperhomocysteinemia: Hyperhomocysteinemia is an independent risk factor for ischemic stroke.
5. Dyslipidemia: On the one hand, dyslipidemia makes blood thick and blood flow slow; On the other hand, it damages the vascular endothelium and deposits on the vascular wall to form atherosclerotic plaques, which can lead to the occurrence and development of cerebral thrombosis.
6, diabetes: diabetes blood sugar is not well controlled for a long time, which can lead to blood sugar and blood lipid disorders, atherosclerosis, and cerebral infarction.
7. Other factors: long-term smoking, alcoholism, long-term use of contraceptives, obesity, lack of exercise, high-sugar and high-fat diet, etc.
Controlling risk factors is the key to prevent stroke, especially actively treating hypertension, heart disease, hyperlipidemia, arteriosclerosis and diabetes. And establish a healthy lifestyle and regular physical examination. Avoid sudden weather changes, fatigue, mood swings, overwork and other inducing factors.
Stroke, also known as stroke, is divided into hemorrhagic stroke and obstructive stroke. This serious illness is critical. In the event of death or disability, this is not to scare people. Stroke has the characteristics of high incidence, high mortality, high disability rate, high recurrence rate and many complications. Medical circles rank it as one of the three major diseases that threaten human health, along with coronary heart disease and cancer. Many people think that high blood pressure is the main cause of stroke, so is this really the case?
On 20 17, an article was published in Stroke magazine, which originated from the study of stroke risk factors among people under 55 years old in Germany. Their conclusion is that among all the inducing factors of stroke, less exercise accounts for 59.7%, then hypertension accounts for 27. 1%, and then smoking and drinking, that is to say, about 80% of stroke and hypertension are less.
Prevention of stroke
Just said that high blood pressure, less exercise, smoking and drinking together account for more than 80% of strokes, so it is no longer so difficult to prevent strokes:
First of all, we must control our blood pressure. At present, the medical community advocates comprehensive treatment. To put it simply, it can be summarized as follows: low fat, low salt and low sugar diet, moderate exercise, reducing mental stress and rational drug use. Rational drug use should be emphasized. Never take medicine if you have symptoms, and reduce or even stop taking medicine if you have no symptoms! Even dressing change should be carried out under the guidance of a doctor.
Followed by exercise, some simple physical exercises, if you insist on doing it, it will have a good preventive effect. For example, neck and head massage and shoulder exercise can reduce the pressure on the brain and improve the blood pressure circulation in the brain. In addition, walking every day is also very beneficial.
Finally, eat more fruits and vegetables in the diet. Vitamin C can regulate cholesterol metabolism, delay the development of arteriosclerosis and increase blood vessel density. Eat quality food from protein. Seafood such as kelp and marine fish are rich in iodine, selenium, calcium and unsaturated fatty acids (fatty acids beneficial to human health).
Stroke is what we usually call stroke. It is characterized by sudden paralysis of one limb, inability to move, inability to speak and even unconsciousness. Stroke can be divided into ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke.
Ischemic stroke is a clinical syndrome caused by various reasons, such as cerebral blood supply disorder, cerebral ischemia, hypoxic necrosis and other neurological deficits, which can be divided into cerebral thrombosis and cerebral embolism. The two are slightly different. The main difference is that the cause of cerebral thrombosis is that on the basis of chronic diseases such as hypertension, diabetes and hyperlipidemia, atherosclerotic plaques rupture and bleed, and platelets gather at the bleeding place to form thrombus, which leads to blood vessel blockage.
Cerebral embolism is a thrombus that has been formed in other parts and stuck in the cerebral blood vessels with blood circulation, thus causing cerebral blood vessel blockage. Thrombosis from the heart accounts for about 60%, especially when atrial fibrillation occurs, the contractility of the left atrium decreases, the blood flow stagnates slowly, and it is easy to form thrombus, which falls off and causes cerebral embolism. In addition, rheumatic heart disease and mitral stenosis are also prone to thrombosis, and thrombus shedding can also cause cerebral embolism.
Hemorrhagic stroke is mainly divided into hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage and cerebral hemorrhage caused by cerebral vascular malformation. And there is coagulation dysfunction or severe thrombocytopenia, which may lead to spontaneous bleeding and cerebral hemorrhage. Hemorrhagic stroke and hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage are the most common causes. Its occurrence is due to the chronic pathological changes of arterioles in the brain under the action of long-term hypertension. Cerebrovascular diseases are like water pipes. The water pressure increases for a long time, even the wall of the water pipe becomes brittle, the water pressure suddenly increases, or the water pressure fluctuates repeatedly, and the water pipe is easy to burst.
No matter what kind of stroke, its occurrence has corresponding causes, among which hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia and atrial fibrillation are the most common causes, and it is most important to prevent the occurrence of stroke from the etiology. Because a stroke has serious consequences, the prevention and treatment effect is obviously better than spending a lot of money on it after a stroke. Moreover, once a stroke occurs, not only the quality of life will be affected, but also the burden of care will be brought to the family.
What disease is a stroke?
Stroke is commonly known as stroke. More than 80% of strokes are "ischemic strokes", and 70% of them are cerebral infarction. The simple understanding is that the blood vessels in the brain are blocked, or although the blood vessels are not blocked, they are narrow and the blood flow is not enough, which leads to ischemia, hypoxia and necrosis of brain tissue. This is cerebral infarction.
If the heart is compared to a water pump, the cerebral vessels are water pipes, and the brain is the "organization and unit" that needs water.
If the water discharged from the faucet suddenly decreases, it may be that the water pipe is aging and blocked for a long time, or it may be that the water flow is small and the water pressure is small, so it cannot be sent up.
Therefore, not only high blood pressure may lead to "cerebral infarction", but also low blood pressure may lead to "cerebral infarction".
In addition, about 20% of strokes are "cerebral hemorrhage", that is, the rupture of cerebral vessels, which leads to blood in brain tissue and a series of brain dysfunction.
Stroke is a sudden brain circulation disorder, which has become the first killer in China. Secondly, the psychological and physical burden caused by disability is also very serious.
According to statistics, about 75% of stroke patients have left ventricular dysfunction.
What kind of people are more prone to stroke?
Liu Jiaoshou, a member of the Stroke Expert Committee of the National Health and Family Planning Commission and the Department of Neurology, Hunan Brain Hospital, reminded that the following 12 groups of people are prone to cerebral hemorrhage.
First, patients with hypertension.
People with a history of hypertension, especially those with "H" hypertension, are more likely to cause stroke.
Second, people with heart disease.
People with rheumatic heart disease, coronary heart disease and hypertensive heart disease are more prone to stroke.
Third, people with diabetes.
Poor diet control and large blood sugar fluctuations, such as overeating people are more likely to suffer from stroke.
Fourth, people with dyslipidemia
Suffering from hyperlipidemia, especially low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride, is more harmful and prone to stroke.
Fifth, people who smoke and drink.
People who smoke heavily (such as more than 2 packs a day for more than 20 years or have been exposed to second-hand smoke for a long time) or drink regularly are more likely to have a stroke.
Sixth, people who lack exercise.
Usually go out to take a taxi, do not exercise, do not sweat, and people who often stay in air-conditioned rooms are more likely to have a stroke.
Seventh, overweight and obese people.
People with a body mass index (BMI) greater than 28% are more likely to have a stroke.
Eighth, people with a family history of stroke
People are more likely to have a stroke if one or more parents or siblings have had a stroke.
Ninth, people with bad temper and type A personality.
People who are irritable, irritable, impulsive or stubborn are more likely to have a stroke than the average person.
Tenth, people with different degrees of plaque or vascular stenosis.
After physical examination, it was found that people with multiple blood vessels in the body, especially those with plaques of different sizes in arteries and narrowing and thinning blood vessels in different degrees, were more likely to have a stroke.
Eleventh, people who use drugs improperly.
If patients with hypertension take antihypertensive drugs excessively, their blood pressure will drop sharply, and their cerebral blood flow will decrease sharply, which is prone to ischemic stroke. Some sedatives, such as chlorpromazine and diazepam. Ischemic stroke is also prone to occur when used in large doses.
Twelfth, age and gender
With the increase of age, the degree of arteriosclerosis will be more serious and the probability of stroke will be greater.
In terms of gender, there are more men than women.
Liu Jiaoshou specially reminded that as long as there are three or more people at the same time, they are all high-risk groups of stroke, and they should be checked and intervened regularly.
Pay attention to the premonitory symptoms of stroke such as dizziness, headache, numbness of limbs, lethargy and abnormal personality, and take treatment measures to avoid the occurrence of stroke.
If you have slurred speech, physical activity disorder or drooling, you should pay enough attention to it. Remember that "time is life and time is brain", call 120 immediately and send it to a regular hospital for timely treatment.
(The network diagram is for reference only)
Hunan Medical Chat Contributing Author: Deng Hunan Second People's Hospital
If you want to know why you have a stroke, you must first know what a stroke is. Stroke is not only infarction, but also bleeding, which means that stroke is a general term.
Cerebral infarction-ischemic stroke, the common cause of which is arteriosclerosis. There are many reasons for arteriosclerosis, such as age, heredity, hypertension, diabetes, smoking, alcoholism, external physical factors and so on. , thus damaging vascular endothelium, lipid deposition, plaque rupture to form infarction or plaque gradually blocking blood vessels. In fact, it is a mechanism with heart and coronary heart disease.
In the treatment of cerebral infarction, if the bleeding is eliminated within 4 hours at the initial stage, thrombolytic therapy can be given, embolectomy can be performed within 6 hours, and antiplatelet and blood circulation can be given. If you have serious limb movement disorders, remember to recover early. If you delay, the sequelae will be more difficult to remove.
Cerebral hemorrhage-hemorrhagic stroke, cerebral hemorrhage is more common in the elderly, hypertensive patients, or young people with cerebral vascular congenital malformation. Sudden onset, headache and vomiting are more common, which are rapidly aggravated and even life-threatening. Treatment is mainly to control blood pressure, stop bleeding and even craniotomy and drainage, and the prognosis is not good. The cause of 80% cerebral hemorrhage is hypertension.
So how to prevent stroke?
In fact, it is to start from the most basic. If you have high blood pressure and diabetes, you need to take medicine on time, continue testing, and drop to the prescribed level; Pay attention to quitting smoking and drinking, avoid vascular endothelial damage, eat less greasy and seasonal vegetables and fruits, and insist on aerobic exercise 2-3 times a week for more than half an hour each time.
Good living habits can avoid many diseases, or slow down the progress of many diseases, reduce complications, prevent diseases and pay attention to them. This is the right way!
Happy little doctor answers for you. Happy attention
Stroke is generally divided into hemorrhagic stroke and ischemic stroke. Hemorrhagic stroke is what we often say about cerebral hemorrhage, and ischemic stroke is what we often say about cerebral infarction.
Cerebral hemorrhage is generally divided into cerebrovascular disease hemorrhage and hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage. General hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage accounts for more than 70% of cerebral hemorrhage.
Cerebral hemorrhage is mostly caused by cerebral aneurysms and cerebral vascular malformations, which will occur at all ages, but the incidence will increase with age. Most cerebral vascular malformations are congenital, and aneurysms are also congenital and acquired.
Hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage, as its name implies, is due to poor control of hypertension, such as not taking medicine on time, smoking, drinking, staying up late, etc., which leads to a sharp increase in blood pressure and rupture of cerebral vessels.
Cerebral infarction is a disease that causes the brain tissue in this blood supply area to die due to cerebral vascular occlusion. It is because of cerebral atherosclerosis that the vascular lumen gradually narrows to complete occlusion. Due to cerebral vascular thrombosis, the patient's local brain tissue has insufficient blood supply, and further softening and necrosis occur. Symptoms vary according to the location where the thrombus occurs in the brain. Cerebral thrombosis is the highest incidence of stroke.
Cerebral infarction is sometimes caused by thrombus falling off in the heart and blocking the cerebral vessels. Generally, the onset is sudden and the infarct area is large.
Cerebrovascular disease is the largest disease in China, which must be paid attention to, especially for middle-aged and elderly people with hypertension, diabetes and arteriosclerosis.
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@ 京京京京京京京京京京京京京京. Answer: Fifty likes are needed. Disease analysis: According to the analysis you described, this situation is considered to be a long-term relationship between you and your high tension and stress, as well as your tired diet and the climate. At present, it is suggested to cooperate with the treatment under the guidance of a doctor, pay more attention to diet at ordinary times, do surgery if you don't want to do it, and try to keep a happy mood. According to you, is that right? @ Zhang.