Pitaya is a tropical and subtropical fruit with simple cultivation techniques. Sexual preference is warm and humid, and yin tolerance is barren. The optimum growth temperature is 25~35℃, but it can be planted in the open air with the annual minimum temperature higher than 5℃. The requirements for soil are not strict, and it can be cultivated in flat land, paddy field, hillside and dry land. It grows well in fertile, well-drained neutral or slightly acidic sandy red soil or loam, with aerial roots, developed roots and vigorous vitality. Propagation methods mainly include cutting and grafting. When planting, the row spacing is generally 6~7m, the plant spacing is 3~4m, 3~4 plants per hole, and 24 ~ 38 holes per 666.7m2 ... In the management process, apply some organic fertilizer appropriately, pay attention to irrigation in hot and dry summer, pay attention to drainage in rainy days, prevent water accumulation and avoid bacterial and fungal infection. General pests and diseases rarely occur, even if a small amount occurs, some pesticides with high efficiency and low toxicity can be used for prevention and control [6]. The flowering and fruiting period of pitaya is May ~165438+1October every year, and the fruit can be harvested when it turns from green to purple.
Development of pitaya
Today's high-fat, high-calorie and high-protein food structure leads to more and more patients with hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia. Pitaya, which has dual functions of beauty and health care, can be said to be the best choice for people. The flowers and fruits of pitaya can be eaten raw, and can also be processed into various nutritional and health foods, such as pitaya juice, sauce, preserved fruit, canned drinks, etc., with unique flavor. Both flowers and stems can be used as medicine. If the effective components of flowers and stems can be extracted and processed into capsules, pills and other drugs, it will be very effective in treating hypertension and diabetes. In addition, the stem of pitaya is an ideal rootstock for grafting precious cactus. Crab claw orchids and all kinds of weird cacti can be grafted on them to make garden plants for families to watch. The flowers and fruits of pitaya are also very bright, so it can also be directly used as bonsai and garden cultivation.
Pitaya has a short cultivation history in China. At present, only in Taiwan Province, Hainan, Guangxi, Guangdong, Fujian and other provinces, the cultivation area is still very limited. The market price of Chaozhou this year is 6~ 10 yuan, which forms a huge gap between supply and demand. To sum up, the development prospect of pitaya is very broad.
Management techniques of pitaya planting
First, raise seedlings
Pitaya is propagated mainly by cuttage or crop grafting.
1. Transplanting: Spring is the most suitable time. Cuttings were selected from well-grown stems and cut into small pieces with the length of 15cm. After the wound is air-dried, it can be inserted into the sand bed, and it can take about 15-30 days to take root. When the root grows to 3-4cm, it can be transplanted into the seedbed.
2. Grafting seedlings: select a ruler with no pests and diseases, strong growth and full stem flesh as the rootstock, and graft in sunny days. Cut the pitaya stem into a plane with a knife, insert the scion, align it with the cambium, and tie it tightly with cotton thread. Under the condition of 28-30 degrees Celsius, a large number of callus will be formed on the joint surface of the wound in 4-5 days, and the color of the scion is close to that of the rootstock, indicating that the vascular bundles of the two have healed and grafted successfully. At this time, they can be moved into the heel of the seedbed to continue culture.
3. Seedling management: The seedbed should be in a place with sunny ventilation, fertile soil and convenient irrigation and drainage. The whole bed should be carefully ditched, with 90cm and 667m2 of decomposed chicken manure or cow dung1500 kg-2,000 kg, mixed rice husk ash 1000kg, fully stirred and applied during soil preparation. After that, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer 100- 150 kg was applied, fully stirred with a hoe, and applied to the plough layer 4-5 cm deep. Then plant the seedlings in a seedbed with row spacing of 3 cm, water them, and spray carbendazim 1 0/0 500 times every10.
Second, cultivation management.
Pitaya is a tropical plant, which likes light, shade, heat, drought, fertilizer and barren. Its stems can also grow on rocks, and its plants are very wind-resistant. As long as the support is firm and can resist typhoon, 300-400 plants can be planted in 667 square meters, and every four plants are supported by a cement column with a width of 20 cm and a height of 2 meters.
Pitaya can adapt to all kinds of soil, but neutral soil and weak acid soil with high humus content and water and fertilizer retention are the best. In order to make it grow vigorously after planting, it is necessary to apply more sterilized and fermented human manure organic fertilizer, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and compound fertilizer at seedling stage, and the dosage depends on the size of the plant.
Pitaya grows rapidly in a warm and humid environment with sufficient light. When cultivated in the open field in spring and summer, it is necessary to water more to keep the root system in a vigorous growth state, and drain water in time in rainy weather to avoid infection with germs and rot of stem meat. Pitaya is resistant to low temperature of 0℃ and high temperature of 40℃. In order to ensure its perennial growth and fruitfulness, and try to reach the appropriate temperature of 20-30℃, greenhouses must be built for planting in the north, and the temperature at night in winter should not be lower than 8℃. Plastic film can be removed in summer, but it must be ventilated. Dragon Orchard doesn't need a plow, just cut the weeds in time. Pitaya has a thick waxy layer, smooth appearance and no bagging, which saves labor and time. Pitaya generally has no insect pests, and occasionally there are nematodes in the roots and red spiders in the stems and leaves, which can be prevented in time.
It takes about 30 days from flowering to fruit ripening. The fruit turns from green to red, and can be harvested when it is slightly fragrant and bright.
Processing method of pitaya:
1. A method for extracting water-soluble red pigment from pitaya pulp and peel.
2. Pitaya wine and its preparation method
3. A method for extracting water-soluble natural red pigment from pitaya.
4. Production method of pitaya seed health care products
5. Production method of pitaya peel beverage
6, pitaya seed surface cleaning method
7. Production method of pitaya branch products
8. Production method of pitaya beverage
9. Production method of pitaya pulp beverage
10, production method of pitaya branch beverage
1 1, pitaya sparkling wine and its production process
12, preparation method of pitaya fruit wine