Time:1August 22, 902 1 1: 09: 04.
Location: near Artux, Xinjiang (39 degrees 54 minutes north latitude and 76 degrees 04 minutes east longitude)
Disaster: magnitude 8.25, nearly a thousand people died.
A million square kilometers earthquake: the mountains are dislocated, and people and animals are caught in huge cracks.
The biggest earthquake fire in China-1925 Dali earthquake fire
Time:1925 March1622nd 42 minutes 17 minutes.
Location: Dali, Fengyi, Binchuan, Deng Chuan and other counties in Yunnan (the epicenter of the earthquake was 25.7 degrees north latitude and 0/00.2 degrees east longitude).
Disaster: The earthquake magnitude is 7, causing a huge earthquake and fire.
The long drought is ominous: the sun is red and the moonlight is dusk.
The earth thundered, flames rose from the epicenter, and busy streets were burned to the ground.
After the earthquake, it was raining and snowing, and in the cold and cool winter, strange diseases spread and the patients were black all over.
The coming of "the end of the world"-1927 Gulang earthquake
Time:106: 32: 47 May 23, 927.
Venue: Gulang, Gansu (37.6 degrees north latitude, 0/02.6 degrees east longitude)
Disaster: magnitude 8, more than 40,000 people (80,000 people) died.
Archbishop Pudenborok, a Catholic in Gansu, said: The end of the world is coming.
The land cracked, emitting green and black water and sulfur gas, killing countless hungry people.
Jiayuguan earthquake collapse-1932 Changma earthquake
Time: 1932: year 65438+February 25th 10: 04: 27.
Venue: Changmabao, Gansu Province (39.7 degrees north latitude, 97.0 degrees east longitude)
Disaster: magnitude 7.6, more than 70,000 people died.
Witnesses witnessed the yellow wind and white light; The loess wall "swoops down"; Cut stones and jump around, and dust will come out.
Collapse of "Earthquake Lake"-1923 Diexi Earthquake
Time: 65438+August 25th 0933 15: 50: 30 (flood)
Location: Diexi Town, Maoxian County, Sichuan Province (the epicenter of the earthquake was 32.0 degrees north latitude and 0/03.7 degrees east longitude).
Disaster: The earthquake was 7.5, and the "earthquake lake" burst one and a half months after the earthquake. Twenty thousand people died before and after * * *
Before the earthquake, there were many illusions: the dog barked at the sheep, the snake startled the mouse, the crow howled miserably, and the hen was in the morning.
Diexi Town was destroyed, yellow fog was spitting on the ground, battlements were gone, and the shepherd boy jumped over two mountains.
Floods flooded into lakes and broke out, thunder and lightning thundered and dust covered the sky.
1950 landslide in Himalayan-Chayu (Medog) earthquake
Time:1950 August 15, 22: 09: 34.
Venue: Medog County, Tibet (28.5 degrees north latitude, 96.0 degrees east longitude)
Disaster: 8.5, with nearly 4,000 deaths.
The strong earthquake failed the seismograph.
The Yarlung Zangbo River was cut into four sections in the landslide.
The whole village was thrown across the river.
1950 Aug 15 The biggest earthquake in China occurred in Medog, Tibet.
/kloc-in August of 0/5, seismologists all over the world were dumbfounded, and all seismographs were excited by powerful seismic waves and failed. This devastating earthquake occurred in Medog, Tibet, China, which is adjacent to Assam. The magnitude of this earthquake is as high as 8.6 on the Richter scale.
The earthquake caused countless landslides, landslides and mudslides, and Medog was beyond recognition. On the ground of tens of thousands of square kilometers, there are 1.1square meter of materials involved in sliding. About 4000 people were killed in the earthquake in China and India. This super earthquake with the intensity of 12 degrees not only made the mountains and rivers easy to accommodate, but also blocked the rivers for several days. The glacier was split into six sections and galloped along the left and right sides of the valley. The last ice body jumped into the straight village at the mouth of Fanggoukou, which razed the village of 100 people to the ground. Ice jumped into the Yarlung Zangbo River, blocking the upstream water into a lake, and the downstream dried up to catch fish; Soon, the ice dam burst, the flood discharged, and the downstream India was flooded for some time. At present, five ice bodies remain at the bottom of the valley. The special ecological landscape formed by these glaciers, together with the surrounding green world, nearby villages and farmland, has become a unique landscape and culture. This earth-shattering river burst its banks, which has caused floods in the Assam Plain of India downstream.
China earthquake prediction takes off on the ruins-1Xingtai earthquake in 1966
Time:105.29 minutes on March 8th, 966 14 seconds,1March 22nd, 966 16 hours 19 minutes and 46 seconds.
Venue: Xingtai City, Hebei Province
Disaster: The former was 6.8 and the latter was 7.2, with 8,064 deaths, 38,000 injuries and economic losses of 65.438 billion yuan.
After a long drought, there was an earthquake, and there was heavy snow all over the sky, killing 8 thousand undead.
When Zhou Enlai went to the earthquake zone, people's pain made it sour.
The government rushed to the hospital, and the earthquake prediction was hastily carried out on the ruins, which became a milestone in the history of the development of earthquake science in China.
1970 Ten thousand people died in Yunnan Tonghai earthquake.
Time: 1970 65438+ 10/0/34 on October 5th.
Location: Tonghai County, Yunnan Province (24.0 degrees north latitude, 0/02.7 degrees east longitude) Disaster: 7.7, death/0/5627 people.
The national earthquake work conference is in full swing, and a strong earthquake suddenly comes.
Before the earthquake, the birds startled the fish, and water spouted from the cracks in the wall, causing sudden injuries to horses.
On New Year's Eve, Zhou Enlai called seismologists to launch a "predictive attack".
World Miracle Arrives in Haicheng —— 1975 Haicheng Earthquake
Time: 1975 February 4th 19: 34: 26.
Venue: Haicheng County, Liaoning Province (40 degrees 39 minutes north latitude, 0/22 degrees 48 minutes east longitude)
Disaster: magnitude 7.3, death 1328 people. The earthquake was successfully predicted.
The melon farmer sighed, which led to the tracing of the "mystery of drought and earthquake"
The State Council released Document No.69, and the ghost of the earthquake was trapped in the sight of earthquake workers in China.
Emergency action in Liaoning province, millions of pairs of eyes searching for "abnormality"
Liaoning "Provincial Revolutionary Committee" made a decision that there may be a major earthquake in Haicheng and Yingkou.
The earthquake at 7 o'clock was magnitude 7 and the earthquake at 8 o'clock was magnitude 8. At 7: 36, a magnitude 7.3 earthquake came.
Foreigners believe that this is the first time in the history of the world to successfully predict a major earthquake of magnitude 7 or above.
Tangshan earthquake-1976 Tangshan earthquake
Time: July 28th, 0976 65438+3: 42: 54.2.
Venue: Tangshan City, Hebei Province (epicenter latitude 39.4 degrees, east longitude 1 18.0 degrees)
Disaster: magnitude 7.8, 242,000 people died and 6,543,800 people were seriously injured. A heavy industrial city was destroyed once, and the direct economic loss was more than 654.38 billion yuan. Because the earthquake with the largest number of casualties in the world in the 20th century exploded violently in the earth's crust like 400 Hiroshima atomic bombs.
1The Tangshan earthquake on July 28th, 976 was a major earthquake that occurred in recent years with extremely heavy casualties and shocked China and foreign countries, with a magnitude of 7.8 and an intensity of polar VII. A century-old industrial town was reduced to ruins after shaking for more than ten seconds. Almost all cities with almost no earthquake resistance were destroyed by earthquakes with focal depth of 1 1 km, and hundreds of thousands of people were buried under rubble, cement fragments and muck. Although nearly 300,000 soldiers and civilians struggled to rescue, 242,000 urban and rural residents still lost their lives and were seriously injured 16. Tangshan earthquake is the most disastrous earthquake in the world since this century.
Turbulence in Chengdu Plain-1976 Songpan Pingwu Earthquake
Time:1976 August 16:45 22:00, August 23rd: 1 1: 03: 05.
Venue: Heping County, Songpan County, Sichuan Province (the former epicenter was 32 degrees 36 minutes north latitude and 0/04 degrees 06 minutes east longitude, and the latter was 32 degrees 30 minutes north latitude and 0/04 degrees east longitude 18 minutes east longitude).
Disaster: The magnitude of the two earthquakes before and after was 7.2, resulting in 4 1 person's death.
The State Seismological Bureau issued a medium-term forecast and heavily fortified the southwest.
Gray smoke comes from fields, sulfur comes from cement plants, and red and green flames come from houses.
Chengdu was in chaos. When the whistle sounded, citizens jumped off the building.
Strong Earthquakes after Strong Earthquakes-1988 Lancang and Gengma Earthquakes
Time:1988165438+1October 6th 2 1: 03,165438+1October 6th 2 1: 06.
Venue: Lancang, Yunnan (22.9 degrees north latitude, 0/00./0/degree east longitude) Gengma (23 degrees 23 minutes north latitude, 99 degrees 36 minutes east longitude)
Disaster: Lancang River 7.6, Gengma 7.2; 743 people died and the economic loss was 25 1. 1 100 million yuan.
The M8.0 earthquake in the waters east of Quanzhou.
Earthquake time:1604 65438+February 29th 10.
Epicenter location: offshore waters east of Quanzhou, Fujian, China (25.0 degrees north latitude and 1 19.5 degrees east longitude).
Earthquake magnitude: 8.0.
Focal depth: 25 kilometers
Fujian coast is a part of the southeast coastal seismic belt of China, but the level of seismic activity is not high and there are few major earthquakes. Only1445 65438+February 12, an earthquake of magnitude 6 occurred near Zhangzhou, and an earthquake of magnitude 8 occurred near Quanzhou 1604, and the frequency of earthquakes below magnitude 6 was also very low. In the long history, the threat of earthquakes to local economic and cultural development and the safety of people's lives and property is not serious. Therefore, the coastal areas of Fujian have long been one of the economically and culturally developed areas in China, especially Quanzhou, which was an important foreign trade city in the southeast coast of China as early as the Tang Dynasty, and was even hailed as one of the largest trading ports in the world during the Song and Yuan Dynasties. 1604 12.29 (the ninth day of October in the thirty-second year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty) At night, people in the ancient city of Quanzhou were about to fall asleep when suddenly there was a muffled thunder-like noise, which woke them up. In an instant, the mountains shook and the houses collapsed. The whole ancient city was as bumpy as a ship in the sea, more than 0/000 kilometers away from the epicenter of Suixi/Kloc in Guangxi.
The damage caused by this earthquake is very serious and extensive, and Quanzhou Prefecture (now Jinjiang area) to Xinghua Prefecture (now Futian area) suffered the most. Landslides and ground fissures are common, sand and water gushed out violently, towers collapsed seriously, countless houses were destroyed, and many people and animals were killed or injured. The local government records, county records and township records of the Ming and Qing Dynasties all recorded the disaster at that time: in an instant, all the ancient buildings in Quanzhou were paved, and all the houses inside and outside the city were collapsed, resulting in several ground cracks, especially in counties and cities. The towers of the East and West Towns of Kaiyuan Temple, which are beautifully constructed, were damaged. The first layer of sharp stone in the East Tower fell, the second and third railings broke, and the top cover Penang stone fell from the south. Luoyang Bridge, a famous bay-crossing beam-type stone bridge in history (built in the Tang Dynasty and renovated during the Song You period, with a total length of 834 meters and 58 piers), was damaged in the earthquake. In the strong aftershock, "the big stone beam fell into the sea and the bridge collapsed." The earthquake also sank many ships moored at the seaside.
In Putian, Nan 'an, Tong 'an and other places, city walls collapsed, towers and battlements collapsed, and countless urban and rural houses were destroyed. The ground cracked and black sand and water poured out. Many houses in Zhangpu collapsed, the statue of King Kong in Xingjiao Temple was damaged, the top of Zhongjianfang and Xianyunfeng fell, a big hole was trapped in the field outside the south gate, and black sand and water gushed out. Houses in more than half of counties in Fujian Province were damaged.
Although the earthquake was severe and the disaster was serious, many ancient buildings, such as temples and towers, have withstood the test of the earthquake and survived to this day. The famous Kaiyuan Temple in Quanzhou is one of the ancient buildings that have been basically preserved. Kaiyuan Temple was built in the second year of the Tang Dynasty (686), and its roof truss adopts a bucket arch structure, which is like a diagonal brace between beams and columns, so it is called "Tian Fei Musician", which not only ensures the integrity of the structure, but also increases the aesthetics of the building, and has the artistic characteristics of southern Fujian. Today, Kaiyuan Temple was rebuilt in the Qing Dynasty. In addition, a large number of Ming Dynasty residential buildings in southern Fujian not only withstood the shaking of the 1604 earthquake, but also survived more than 300 years of ups and downs. These buildings are characterized by good integrity, firm connection and low center of gravity. The wall is generally made of masonry, and the wooden columns or pillars in the wall are closely connected with the roof beam, which is very stable and firm.
Strengthening the seismic performance of buildings is an effective way to resist earthquake disasters. China has a vast territory, different local conditions and customs, and various places have successful architectural experience, so it is impossible to include all the unified national seismic codes. Therefore, adapting to local conditions and making full use of local valuable experience can make buildings meet the seismic requirements more effectively and economically, thus reducing the possible losses caused by future major earthquakes.
There is also the Wenchuan earthquake that just happened.