Normal value of neonatal jaundice
The normal value of jaundice in full-term infants is different from that in premature infants.
Usually, the normal value of full-term neonatal jaundice is 12.9 mg/100 ml, which means that the bilirubin level in 100 ml blood is lower than 12.9 mg. The normal value of jaundice in premature infants is 15 mg/100 ml blood, that is, the bilirubin level in 100 ml blood is lower than 15 mg.
When the baby's jaundice value exceeds 12.9mg/dl or the neonatal jaundice index rises too fast (rising more than 5mh/dl every day), or the jaundice lasts longer than the full-term baby and disappears within 14 days, the premature baby disappears within 4 weeks, or the jaundice disappears and reappears. It shows that neonatal jaundice is unhealthy and may be pathological jaundice.
Neonatal jaundice index standard
Experts believe that jaundice is generally divided into physiological jaundice and pathological jaundice. As long as it goes beyond the scope of physiological jaundice, it is called pathological jaundice.
1, physiological jaundice
Usually, two days after birth, the naked eye can see that the skin is a little yellow, reaching its peak in 3-5 days and disappearing in 7- 10 days. At this time, the jaundice index (serum bilirubin value) is generally within the normal range of 15mg/dL.
2. Pathological jaundice
There are many reasons for pathological jaundice, and the standard of full-term infants is different from that of premature infants. As long as the mother finds the following situations, she will be sent to the hospital for observation:
(1) Newborns found jaundice within 24 hours after birth, which belongs to "early-onset jaundice".
(2) Jaundice index suddenly rises too high, increasing by more than 5mg/dL a day. This situation is more common in hemolytic jaundice (maternal and infant blood types are incompatible).
(3) The jaundice index rose too high, which was 15mg/dL.
(4) the duration is too long. The duration of general physiological jaundice is 7- 10 days. If it is more than 2 weeks, you should pay attention.
How to do with high neonatal jaundice?
It is normal for newborns to have jaundice 3 ~ 5 days after birth. Under normal circumstances, the jaundice index should not exceed 15mg/dL, which belongs to the normal range and physiology. Parents should not be too nervous, but if the jaundice index is high, you can try the following methods.
1, drink boiled water
Every morning and evening, you must feed your child 30ml of boiled water and drink an appropriate amount of water during the day to get rid of jaundice in your body as soon as possible. If it's breastfeeding, it's okay. If it is formula milk, add water.
Step 2 drink glucose
When the neonatal jaundice index is found to be high, give the child some glucose water and add glucose to the water to feed the child. This is an effective way to get rid of jaundice.
Bask in the sun
Every morning around 10, when the sun is not very strong, give the children some sunshine. Try to make your child's skin bask in the sun, but don't bask in his eyes.
Calcium is the main component of bones and teeth. Children are in an important period of growth and development of bones and teeth, and need a lot of calcium. Therefore, it is necessary to supplement calcium for children in time and correctly, so what kind of calcium supplement is better for children to eat?
Children in different periods need different amounts of calcium: children aged 0-6 months need 300 mg of calcium every day; 6 months-1 year, the daily calcium requirement is 400 mg; 1-3 years old is 600mg；; 4-7 years old, the daily calcium requirement is 800 mg.
Studies have shown that the best way for children to supplement calcium is to supplement food. Therefore, children should mainly supplement calcium with food. It is not only feasible, but also more effective, cost-effective, safer and more lasting to supplement calcium through a balanced diet.
So what is better for children to eat to supplement calcium?
1. Milk is the best source of calcium supplementation for children. Milk, goat milk and breast milk are rich in calcium.
2. Bean products are also rich in calcium, such as soybeans, tofu, and bean skin.
3. Vegetables with high calcium content are green leafy vegetables, such as rape, snow red, spinach, Chinese cabbage and broccoli.
4. Eggs, fish and shrimp, animal bones, shrimp skin, kelp, seaweed and fungus are all rich in calcium.
In addition, children should supplement calcium, besides food supplement, they should also pay attention to sunbathing and outdoor exercise, so that the body can synthesize vitamin D and promote the absorption of calcium. There are three time periods in autumn and winter that are more suitable for babies to bask in the sun: from 6: 00 to 9: 00 in the morning, the sun reaches its peak with warm and soft infrared rays, and the ultraviolet rays are relatively weak. Infrared ray has high temperature, which mainly plays a role in warming the human body, can warm the body, promote blood circulation and metabolism, and enhance human vitality. 9 ~ 10 in the morning and 4 ~ 5 in the afternoon, the radiation characteristics of these two periods are that there are more components in one beam of ultraviolet rays, which is a good opportunity to store vitamin D, a "sunshine vitamin" in the body; At the same time, it can also promote the absorption of calcium and phosphorus in the intestine, which is conducive to promoting the normal calcification of bones.
Further reading: What are the foods that supplement calcium? These foods are actually experts in calcium supplementation for pregnant women. The pregnant mother absorbed calcium well before the baby was healthy. Sprinkle it while cooking. It can also prevent diseases and add some when cooking. It not only supplements calcium, but also keeps pregnant women healthy. How do pregnant women supplement calcium in different periods? How can middle-aged and elderly people supplement calcium to live longer?
Step 4 stop breastfeeding
If the above methods don't work, stop breastfeeding for 2-3 days, because the cause of high jaundice may be breast milk, so after stopping breastfeeding, the jaundice index will drop.
If the jaundice index is high for a long time, it may be pathological. It is recommended to go to the hospital for treatment.
Is neonatal jaundice index 28 normal?
If you take the time to treat it, it can still be cured. But there may be some sequelae, because jaundice enters the brain and becomes nuclear jaundice, which is irreversible damage to the brain. Even if it is not so serious, there may be some damage, such as hearing loss and cognitive impairment of infants. Cooperate with doctors. Maybe it's not that serious, after all, it's just suspicion now. I wish you a speedy recovery!
The normal value of jaundice in full-term infants is different from that in premature infants. Usually, the normal value of full-term neonatal jaundice is 12.9 mg/100 ml, which means that the bilirubin level in 100 ml blood is lower than 12.9 mg. The normal value of jaundice in premature infants is 15 mg/100 ml blood, that is, the bilirubin level in 100 ml blood is lower than 15 mg.
When the baby's jaundice value exceeds 12.9mg/dl or the neonatal jaundice index rises too fast (rising more than 5mh/dl every day), or the jaundice lasts longer than the full-term baby and disappears within 14 days, the premature baby disappears within 4 weeks, or the jaundice disappears and reappears. It shows that neonatal jaundice is unhealthy and may be pathological jaundice.
Experts believe that jaundice is generally divided into physiological jaundice and pathological jaundice. As long as it goes beyond the scope of physiological jaundice, it is called pathological jaundice.
1, physiological jaundice
Usually, two days after birth, the naked eye can see that the skin is a little yellow, reaching its peak in 3-5 days and disappearing in 7- 10 days. At this time, the jaundice index (serum bilirubin value) is generally within the normal range of 15mg/dL.
2. Pathological jaundice
There are many reasons for pathological jaundice, and the standard of full-term infants is different from that of premature infants. As long as the mother finds the following situations, she will be sent to the hospital for observation:
(1) Newborns found jaundice within 24 hours after birth, which belongs to "early-onset jaundice".
(2) Jaundice index suddenly rises too high, increasing by more than 5mg/dL a day. This situation is more common in hemolytic jaundice (maternal and infant blood types are incompatible).
(3) The jaundice index rose too high, which was 15mg/dL.
(4) the duration is too long. The duration of general physiological jaundice is 7- 10 days. If it is more than 2 weeks, you should pay attention.
Prevention and nursing of neonatal jaundice
1, after the baby is born, we should closely observe the situation of skin jaundice, and pay attention to whether there is premature or delayed regression, or jaundice gradually deepens, or jaundice subsides and reappears, so as to consider the diagnosis of pathological jaundice as soon as possible.
2. Fetal jaundice often affects the fetus due to the invasion of damp heat by pregnant mothers, leading to jaundice after birth. Therefore, during pregnancy, pregnant mothers should pay attention to diet, but eat cold but hungry, and avoid alcohol and spicy products to prevent damage to the spleen and stomach.
3. If a woman has given birth to a baby with fetal jaundice, she should take preventive measures when she is pregnant again and take Chinese medicine on time.
4. After the baby is born, closely observe its scleral jaundice and find that jaundice should be treated as soon as possible, and observe the color change of jaundice to understand the advance and retreat of jaundice.
5. Pay attention to the general symptoms of the yellow baby, whether there is listlessness, lethargy, difficulty in sucking milk, panic, strabismus, stiff limbs or convulsions, etc., so as to find and deal with severely ill children as soon as possible.
6, closely observe the changes of heart rate, heart sound, anemia and liver size, early prevention and treatment of heart failure.
7, pay attention to protect the baby's skin, navel and buttocks clean, to prevent damage and infection.
8, need to change blood treatment, should be timely disinfection ward air, ready to blood and all kinds of drugs, articles, strict operating procedures.
Causes of neonatal jaundice
1. Excessive bilirubin production.
Due to the destruction of excessive red blood cells and the increase of intestinal and hepatic circulation, free bilirubin in serum increased. The common causes are polycythemia, extravascular hemolysis, alloimmune hemolysis, infection, increased intestinal and hepatic circulation, lack of erythrocyte enzymes, abnormal erythrocyte morphology and hemoglobinopathy.
2. Liver bilirubin metabolism disorder
Due to the low function of liver cells to absorb and bind bilirubin, the free bilirubin in serum increases. Common causes are: hypoxia and infection, Krieger-Naggar syndrome, Gilbert syndrome, Lucy-driscoll syndrome, drugs (such as sulfanilamide, salicylate, indomethacin, pilocarpine C, etc. ) and congenital hypothyroidism.
3. Bile excretion disorder
Obstruction of liver cell excretion combined with bilirubin or bile duct obstruction can lead to high compound bilirubin, but if liver cell function is impaired at the same time, unconjugated bilirubin may also increase. The common causes are: neonatal hepatitis, congenital metabolic defect and bile duct obstruction.
Neonatal jaundice symptoms
1, fever
Neonatal jaundice often has symptoms of acute cholangitis, and the baby will also have symptoms of chills.
2. Abdominal pain
Jaundice accompanied by severe colic or pain in the upper abdomen is more common in biliary calculi, biliary ascariasis or liver abscess, primary liver cancer and so on. Most patients with viral hepatitis show persistent swelling and dull pain in the right upper abdomen; Liver abscess or liver cancer can also be manifested as dull pain or swelling pain in the upper abdomen or right upper abdomen.
3, itchy skin
Jaundice with skin itching is more common in cholestatic jaundice caused by intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile duct obstruction, such as choledocholithiasis, cancer or primary biliary cirrhosis, recurrent jaundice during pregnancy, etc. Some patients with hepatocellular jaundice can also be accompanied by skin itching, while hemolytic jaundice often has no skin itching.
4. Color of urine and feces
When obstructive jaundice occurs, the urine color is as deep as strong tea, and the stool color can be light. When the biliary tract is completely blocked, the stool is muddy. The urine of patients with hemolytic jaundice is like soy sauce color, and the color of feces is also deepened; However, in hepatocellular jaundice, the urine color is slightly darker and the stool color is yellowish.
5, loss of appetite, fullness in the stomach, nausea and vomiting.
If the baby still has viral hepatitis, jaundice will be accompanied by symptoms of nausea and vomiting.
Long-term aversion to greasy food or eating greasy food induces pain or colic in the right upper abdomen, mostly chronic gallbladder disease; When elderly patients with jaundice are accompanied by dyspeptic symptoms such as loss of appetite, they should be considered as cancer, often accompanied by progressive emaciation and even high malnutrition.
6, gastrointestinal bleeding
Jaundice with gastrointestinal bleeding is more common in liver cirrhosis, liver cancer, common bile duct cancer, ampullary cancer or severe hepatitis.
7. Jaundice color of sclera and skin
According to the color of jaundice, the cause or type of jaundice can be preliminarily judged. Scleral skin jaundice is lemon color, suggesting hemolytic jaundice; When it is light yellow or golden yellow, it is often suggested as hepatocellular jaundice; When it is dark yellow or yellow-green, it is often suggested that the longer the obstructive jaundice lasts, the more obvious the yellow-green jaundice is.
8. Other skin abnormalities
If there is pigmentation on the face and exposed parts of the skin, and there are manifestations such as liver palm, spider nevus, telangiectasia of neck and chest skin, varicose veins of abdominal wall, etc., it is often suggested that it is active hepatitis, liver cirrhosis or primary liver cancer. If the skin has itchy scratches, pigmentation and xanthoma of eyelid, it is often suggested as obstructive jaundice. Patients with hemolytic jaundice generally have light skin color.
9. Hepatomegaly
In viral hepatitis and acute biliary tract infection, the liver is slightly or moderately swollen, soft in texture, smooth in surface and often tender; The liver is slightly swollen, hard in texture, with irregular edges or small nodules on the surface, which is more common in patients with early cirrhosis and late cirrhosis. When the liver is obviously enlarged or gradually enlarged, the texture is hard, the surface is uneven, and there is a sense of nodules, it is often suggested that it is primary liver cancer.
10 with splenomegaly
Jaundice with splenomegaly is more common in viral hepatitis, various liver cirrhosis, liver cancer, hemolytic anemia, septicemia, leptospirosis and other diseases.
Conclusion: The above is the related knowledge of neonatal jaundice index that I introduced to you. You all know that. This is really a very comprehensive knowledge popularization for people who don't know the cause of neonatal jaundice. After reading the normal value of jaundice index and the symptoms of jaundice hepatitis mentioned above, I believe you can definitely cope with neonatal jaundice now.
Further reading: 8 tips to increase baby's appetite Measures of Chinese medicine to treat enuresis in children Improve children's allergic constitution Tips of Chinese medicine for children's health How to make baby not lack vitamin A Wonderful question and answer on children's health.