At the end of the spring and autumn period, the princes competed for hegemony, and the strong prevailed. During the Western Zhou Dynasty, 1,800 vassal states merged into a dozen. The people suffered from the war and were exhausted. The heritage of the Western Zhou Dynasty is gradually disintegrating. In the words of Confucius, the land of China is "the ritual collapses and the music breaks down".
Confucius (55 BC/KLOC-0 BC/479 BC), a great thinker, educator and politician, was ambitious. He wanted to restore Zhou's "rites", implement "benevolent policies" and save the people from fire and water. He read widely, was proficient in etiquette, music, shooting, imperial examinations, calligraphy and mathematics, edited poems, books, rituals and music, and wrote Chunqiu and Yi Zhuan. The first private school has 3,000 disciples and 72 sages; In Shandong, he took photos, did things, practiced benevolent policies, and made great achievements. Make the state of Lu orderly, make the people rich and secure, and keep their doors open at night. "All directions will do." Because of the fame of Confucius, the emissary of King Zhao of Chu hired Kong Qiu to ask Confucius every day, so that the State of Chu could become rich and powerful and dominate the world. Confucius stayed in Panheng, Xinzhou for several days after Chu Shi, Cai Chen, leaving many stories and touching legends that have been passed down through the ages, which injected a heavy literati background into this magical land and made the profound Jingchu culture more profound and dignified.
1, Mo Zuipan asked.
Yesterday, Zhongni division from Xiang Tuo;
Ancient sages are still eager to learn.
Sima Qian's Historical Records says: "Confucius lived in Chen at the age of three, and Jin Chu fought for strength and even attacked Chen." In 489 BC, Chu and Wu made peace, and the two armies confronted each other. The situation was tense and explosive, and the breach of trust (now Xinyang, Henan) became the front line. Confucius, who lived in a negative letter, had to bid farewell to Ye Gong, a doctor of Chu who was polite and diligent in asking questions about politics, accepted the appointment of King Zhao of Chu and prepared to move the capital to Chu.
In autumn and October, sweet-scented osmanthus is fragrant, the wheat waves are rolling and the rice is golden. Confucius took Luz, Zigong and Yan Hui along the Dabie Mountains and across the country, ready to go to Du Yun. They marched on the ancient plank road in a carriage. The scenery along the way is rich: farmers work with hoes in the fields, and shepherds graze cattle and sheep in the mountains. The river twists and turns, crystal clear; Rows of trees shade the sun and bamboo forests sway with the wind; The villages are closely connected, with traffic, the sound of chickens and dogs, and sometimes the melodious flute echoes in the air. When it gets dark, they will live in a nearby village, or ask the villagers to understand the history, customs and human feelings at that time, collect folk songs and folk songs, or hold a forum to discuss and preach the profound truth of "benevolence, righteousness, courtesy, wisdom and faith". Sometimes I will stay in a village for two or three days to collect some information.
One day, accompanied by hoofbeats and endless dust, they came to the old street south of Daoguan River in Xinzhou. I saw Damushan lying like a beautiful woman under the blue sky and white clouds, with high winds and lush forests; Shahe is clear and flowing; Lion Rock is like a fierce lion, devouring the sun and the moon. Here, beautiful scenery, birds and flowers, is a fairyland on earth. Not far from the street south, the driver suddenly pulled the reins, Ma Si roared and the car stopped.
Confucius said, "Why stop?"
The coachman replied, "Master, there are a group of children in the way ahead."
"Let them make way."
"Kid, why don't you make way when you see the carriage coming?" Zi Gong jumped out of the car and said grumpily.
"Why should we make way? You can't go the other way?" A child who seems to be a leader replied.
Zi Gong glared and roared, "Do you know whose car this is? Tell you, this is Confucius' car! "
I heard that Zi Gong had an argument with the child, so Confucius had no choice but to get off the bus and find out for himself. Seeing a handsome old man with elegant shirt and elegant manners, the children were fearless and disapproving, and continued to build their "city" with stones.
Confucius stroked the head of a handsome little boy and said kindly, "Little childe, would you please move the stone and let us pass?"
The child looked up at Confucius and said, "Mary, we are building a city."
"Well, I have a question. If you can't answer, you can make way for us. " Confucius believes that people should serve others with "courtesy" and children should be treated equally.
"Get out," the child thought. I am Gao Jiao, the guardian of the Tibetan history of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. Can you still beat me?
Confucius asked, "Listen carefully, are parents and husband and wife close?"
"Husband and wife." The child replied.
"No, parents. Without parents, there will be no offspring! "
"Husband and wife, no husband and wife, no parents!"
They have their own opinions, and no one can convince anyone. "Parents" and "husband and wife" are repeated twice.
Confucius said: Parents have food and clothing. Parents raise children, eat and drink Lazarus, educate adults, preach and teach students, so don't worry! Of course parents are close.
Xiang Tuo returns the favor: husband and wife love each other, men plow and women weave, share the same bed, take care of each other, love each other for a long time, grow old together and never part. One day, the husband and wife will still be grateful! Husband and wife, of course
……。
Confucius thinks that Kong Qiu is famous all over the world, and I am called the sacred China. Today, I still can't convince a child, "endure if you can, endure if you are cooked!" " On second thought, "gentlemen don't dispute", I am tolerant as the sea, and my knowledge is not as good as that of a child. He took away the value of a great scholar and bowed: "A child prodigy is on earth, and the old lady is polite. We have important things to do. We look forward to your help and lend us a way. "
The child said confidently, "Excuse me, sir, has the city given way to the car or the car given way to the city since ancient times?"
Lutz said, "Which city are you from? Just a child's game! "
"It's a city!"
Hold the reins for a while. Knowing that he was wrong, the child asked, "Do you have anything important?"
"Travel around the world, preach and teach." Confucius said.
"You must have a set of skills and talents to preach and teach. What do you know? "
Confucius said, "I don't boast. I know a thing or two from astronomy to geography. "
The child said, "Astronomy and geography know everything. Then I ask you, how many eyebrows do you have? "
Confucius said, "I can't see my eyebrows. How do I know how many? "
The child had a brainwave and then asked, "If you don't see Feng, can you see the stars in the sky? How many do you think? "
"There are too many stars in the sky, a dime a dozen. How can you count it? " Confucius said awkwardly.
The child smiled and said, "Oh, you have too many. There is only one sun, like an ice tray in the morning and a Yuhuan race at noon. When will it come near us? " When is it far from us? "
Confucius thought for a long time and murmured, "OK, OK ... I really don't know. You are a child prodigy, only Chu Youcai! I still hope that everyone will give me more advice. "
The child said, "I'm afraid to teach you. I have my hands full right now. See you later. "
At this time, all the disciples were shouting, "Master, let's go!" " Confucius had to bow to the child: "See you later! "I thought to myself, this knowledge really hasn't been studied well! Immediately, the driver turned around and made a detour.
I didn't expect to walk for about a kilometer, because the wheel of the car was broken because of a sharp turn just now. Confucius had no choice but to ask Luz to borrow an axe from the village in front to repair it.
Lutz hurried to the front village and saw a middle-aged woman weaving in the room. Lutz respectfully said, "Aunt, please borrow something." Before Lutz finished, the woman turned and took out a shiny axe from the back room. "Here you are!" "Lutz was surprised. How did she know it was an axe? The woman smiled and said, "Don't you want to borrow something? "? " "East" is the wood of the East, "West" is the gold of the West, the handle of the axe is wood, the axe is iron and the "gold" is iron. You want to borrow an axe! "Lutz ran back to the parking lot with an axe and told Confucius what had just happened.
Confucius sighed after listening. I met a clever child just now and now I meet a village woman. She is not only helpful, but also very clever. Can't help but admire: Chu is a land of hidden dragons and crouching tigers!
The child who stumped Confucius was Xiang Tuo. Warring States policy? Qin Ce said: "Gan Luo said: Xiang Tuo was the teacher of Confucius at the age of seven." Confucius and Xiang Tuo asked each other, a well-known literary work, not only spread throughout China, but also spread to Japan, Korea, Vietnam, Russia and other countries long ago. "Saint Amethyst" also contains: "In the past, Zhongni studied under Xiang Tuo; The ancient sages are still eager to learn. "
Therefore, the problem between Confucius and Xiang Tuo is an eternal beauty talk. Because eastern Hubei said that some people like to argue glibly and try to sharpen their mouths, he named the place where Confucius asked questions as Mozuiyan and the place where Confucius detoured to repair cars as the carriage return port to punish his affairs.
2. Confucius interested Luz.
I am interested in today's ruins.
Carve a monument to make a legacy.
About an hour later, the carriage was repaired. Accompanied by the sigh that "only Chu is talented, the hidden dragon lies in Chu", Confucius and his disciples continued to gallop away to the southeast of the old street. After walking for about 3 kilometers, a valley river in front blocked the way. The river is deep and wide, and I don't know where Jinkou is. Confucius and his party hesitated on the shore, and suddenly they saw two tall men plowing their fields in the upper reaches of the river, so they asked Luz to ask the ferry.
Lutz walked up to the two men, bowed respectfully and asked, "Sir, where is the ferry of this river?"
A farmer answered irrelevant questions and asked, "Who is the man sitting in the car holding the bridle?"
"It's Kong Qiu."
"Is it Lu?"
"yes."
"Then, he should know where the ferry is."
Another farmer asked, "Who are you?"
"I'm Luz."
"Is it Kong Qiu's apprentice?"
"yes."
The farmer said, "You see, turbulence is the same all over the world. Who can change it? " You might as well be more comfortable with us than with such a recluse. "
Not only did Lutz not ask about Jinkou, but he was also ridiculed and taught a lesson, and told Confucius in frustration. When Confucius heard this, he was disappointed and sighed. He said: "People should have a sense of social responsibility. How can they live in seclusion in the mountains and ignore the people in the world, and keep company with birds and animals all day long? If the world is peaceful, I won't have to travel around Kong Qiu. "
These two farmers who were working in the fields were famous hermits at that time, who often raised and drowned. Everyone has his own interests. Confucianism has always advocated joining the WTO to save the world. "Integrity, self-cultivation, family harmony, rule the country and level the world." Hermits think that the world is in chaos and hopeless, so they can only protect themselves. Because Confucius once interested Luz in living and drowning here, people called this river that blocked Confucius' way Confucius River. On both sides of the river, the trapezoidal ridges that often live and drown in farming are also called the permanent residence.
Both The Analects of Confucius and Historical Records recorded Lutz's interest.
The Analects of Confucius? "Cabbage" contains: "Dragon colt, relieving drowning and ploughing, Confucius understands it, which interests Luz."
"Historical Records" contains: "Living in a dragon's house, being stubborn in farming, Confucius thought that hermits interested Luz." And there was a conversation: "Jie drowned:' Idle people are all over the world, who is easy? Let's not follow the person who created the world, but follow the person who created the world! " ? Without stopping. Lutz told Confucius that Confucius suddenly said,' Birds and beasts cannot be in the same group. There are roads in the world, but hills are not easy. " "
According to Qian Mu's "New Interpretation of the Analects of Confucius", it is noted: "The names of two hermits, Chang Ju and Jie Yu, are not passed on. I'm depressed. Drowning, drowning is named because it is close to the water. Jay, the meaning of health is also high. One person is tall and long, and one person is tall and healthy. "
There are different opinions about whether Confucius made Luz intentionally stay in Xinzhou for a long time. Guanjin, more than 20 miles south of Xincai City, Henan Province, is said to be also the place where Luz was interested in that year. There is Zilu Village in luoshan county, there are legends in Juancheng County and Yexian County, and there is also a saying in Yutai, Shandong Province. There is no historical record to show what Lutz is interested in. According to historical records, Confucius returned to Cai from Ye, and it was interesting to see him fall in love and drown. As for whether he is in Cai or Xinzhou, there is no detailed explanation. "The Tomb of the Sage" contains: "Huangcheng Mountain is a land of drowning, and there is an eastward flow under it, and Luz is also interested." Ming Wanli's Huangzhou County Annals said: "According to historical records, Confucius wrote clouds from Cai Ruye, and the leaves had Huangcheng Mountain ... Ancient books recorded that Yong 'an City was ten miles north of the county seat, built by the State of Chu, and Chu was the capital city. Today's Linshan River (now Tuanfeng County, adjacent to the north and south of Confucius River Village) is the official road, as well as Huangshan Mountain. " "Notes on Courtyard" in Guangxu of Qing Dynasty said: "Huangshan, to the north of Confucius, is Huangshanpu and Huang Lin Villa. "According to official records, there is Huangcheng Mountain among the leaves, and there is also a place called Huangshan in the land of Fuzi River. There is only one word difference between Huangcheng Mountain and Huangshan Mountain, which may be referred to as it in the future. Besides, there is a Cheng Chun and a local official road nearby, so it seems reasonable for Confucius to go to Chu. Both the Ming Dynasty's "Great Unification Annals" and the Qing Dynasty's "Huguang Annals" contain: "According to legend, Confucius has been interested in it since he was a child. "
According to historical records, from the 16th year of Emperor Wendi of the Western Han Dynasty (BC 164) to the first year of Yuanshou in Liang Wudi (BC 122), the Yi people excavated the stone tablet of "the place where Confucius asked for advice" beside the Confucius Mountain, and Liu An, king of Huainan, built a pavilion and a Confucius Temple to sacrifice to the people, and recruited a bachelor to give lectures in the temple. The stone tablet is still there. Although the handwriting has been clear for years, Xiao Jizhong, a scholar and host of the academy in the Ming Dynasty, has a poem: "The fog is dark and the Qin tablet is astringent, and the clouds are barren." It can be inferred that the monument was erected in the Qin Dynasty. I don't know when the original monument was destroyed, but now there is only one monument written in the Ming Dynasty.
Step 3 cross the river and fall into the water to bask in the mountain scenery
For a moment, the wind bullied the bamboo,
The rain in the river brings autumn.
Fish are swimming, shadows are sinking,
Print books and leave things behind.
Although Chang Ju and Jie lived in seclusion in the mountains, they did not close their eyes. They know that they once asked Confucius: "The Lu rebellion originated from Ji's family, and everyone understands it. However, why is it more confusing to understand? " Ask Confucius to point out the maze. Confucius replied at that time: "Because you only know one country and one person, but you don't know the world." It can be seen that Confucius knows but is not fascinated. The implication of what is often said: Confucius knew both Lu's "maze" and Chu's "maze", so he didn't tell each other about the ferry. Confucius and his party had to ask others. When they came to the ferry, they saw an old man ferrying. Lutz said, "boatman, please take us across the river."
"Ok, please get on the carriage." The boatman struggles with bamboo poles, the horse crosses the river with a wooden boat in the water, and the horse can swim.
When the boat reached the middle of the river, the wind suddenly blew and the wooden boat shook in the waves. The ship went up and down, unstable like a drunk, and everyone on board lost their center of gravity. The whole boat and carriage couldn't stand the turbulence, and with the surge of wind and clouds, the boat tilted and fell into the river. Confucius, his disciples and others became a drowned rat and fell into the water, and their clothes were all wet. The problem of people falling into the water is not too serious, and it is not cold in the south at this time. Unfortunately for my books, Confucius shouted, "Help me with those books!" " "
There is a folk proverb: Confucius moved all the books. Confucius was eager to learn all his life, and he was happy to forget the best. He didn't know that his old age was coming. I carry a lot of books everywhere.
Ancient books are actually seal characters carved or written on bamboo slips. Papermaking was invented by Cai Lun in the Eastern Han Dynasty, and movable type printing was invented by Bi Sheng in the Northern Song Dynasty many years later.
Under everyone's tossing, the carriage was pushed ashore and the book was fished up. However, those books are all soaked in water. Confucius was anxious and looked around, looking for a place to print books. Or Yan Hui young, eagle-eyed, "look! There is a hill on the other side. " The mountain is more than 300 meters high, standing alone on all sides. The top of the mountain is flat and clean, which is two acres square. Confucius' frowning brows spread out. At this time, it is crisp in autumn and the sun shines directly on the mountain, so it is easy to print books. The disciples quickly moved the wet books to the top of the mountain and spread them out to dry. There is no one around. Lutz, Zigong and Yan Hui took off their clothes and wrung them dry.
After some tossing just now, Confucius stood on the top of the mountain overlooking the gurgling water and could not help but sigh: "The water is so beautiful and magnificent! Unfortunately, there is no bridge here. If only there were a bridge here, passers-by wouldn't wade and suffer like us! "
Later, Confucius and his disciples sat on a piece of feldspar more than 20 feet long, took a rest and waited for the book to dry. Lutz recalled his recent trip, and all kinds of misfortunes made him full of complaints, chanting: when practicing etiquette under a big tree in Song Dynasty, Sima Huan wanted to kill his master; Ley was besieged by Dr. Cai Chen for three days, and many people were hungry and sick because they didn't have a grain of rice. In the morning, I was teased by Xiang Tuo's children in the old street, and even people and cars fell into the water in the afternoon, which was really unfortunate. It can be described as "the wind knife forces the tree."
Confucius generously explained: "Heaven is a great responsibility for us, and it is a long way to go to realize the rites of Zhou and return the world to benevolence. Hunger and suffering are inevitable. We must be indomitable and die. "
The mountain where Confucius and his disciples used to print books is behind Jinwen Academy. The mountains are flat, the trees are lush, the bamboo forests are lush, and the crops are shaded. It is called the mountain of drying books. The feldspar on which Confucius sat was called "Sitting Stone". Later, when he stopped to give a lecture, Mo Chi and inkstone were all around him to study ink. Mo Chi is a stream not far from the stone, and the stone beside the stream is as black as ink, hence the name Mo Chi. The word "Mo Chi" is engraved on the stone carvings in Linchi. Although it has a long history, it is still legible. A stone by the pool is shaped like an inkstone, like a pair made in heaven. Every time the weather changes, there is "ink" leaching, and the pool water will not dry up after a long drought.
4. Millennium sighs and sighs.
Honest as a mountain, close to the palace bridge;
Articles are like the sea, and there are hundreds of generations of history.
In 489 BC, Confucius stood by the Confucius River, looked at the river and sighed, saying that if only there was a bridge here. Confucius was later called a saint, but a saint was not a fairy, and Confucius did not believe in God. "Away from ghosts and gods" (The Analects of Confucius. "eternal night"), "I don't know how life knows death?" (The Analects of Confucius. Confucius didn't say "chaos, power, ghosts and gods", which proves that God can turn stone into gold (of course, God doesn't exist). As far as productivity is concerned, it is not easy to build a decent bridge.
The Confucius River originates from Wuyun Mountain, the southeast branch of Dabie Mountain. It is a small mountain river more than ten kilometers long, surrounded by green mountains, dense forests, dense bamboo forests, pine trees and birds singing, and undulating ridges. She flows through the Qingsha River, carries water, flows into the Yangtze River and rushes to the boundless sea. For millions of years, water has been flowing day and night, from ancient times to the Spring and Autumn Period, from the Spring and Autumn Period to the present. Because she left the footprint of Confucius, and because Confucius lamented for thousands of years, she is even more amazing and carries a deeper cultural heritage.
1800 years later, Confucius' long-cherished wish and the expectations of people on both sides of the strait for generations have come true. During the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, Gui 'an Jinshi, who admired Confucius and Confucianism, and Mao Rui, the magistrate of Huanggang County, built a bridge here and named it Kongtan Bridge. Mao Rui is a relatively successful magistrate of a county. The county annals say that he "has made outstanding achievements in water conservancy and postal transportation, and has made great contributions to the people."
Mao Rui and the people around the Confucius River generously invited the best craftsmen to prepare for the construction, which contributed to this righteous act. Four hundred years ago, building materials such as steel bars and cement were not invented. Where can I buy good building materials? This is another magical story.
Just as everyone hesitated, a white-haired and sage-like old man came to the village. He pointed out to the villagers: "To build this bridge, the keel must be used." The villagers were surprised. "Where can I find the keel?" I saw him pick up a compass and divine on the ground. Then he pointed to a long ridge in the south and said, "This place looks like a dragon, and you will get a dragon bone." According to their words, they went to the ridge to dig and found pieces of bluestone, which are naturally produced, hard and long, each piece is more than ten meters long and weighs about ten thousand Jin. After being lifted off the ground, they counted sixteen.
According to local villagers, Longgang is now Mashi Mountain, ten miles away. At that time, there were neither tractors nor cranes, so it was difficult to transport a stone ten meters long and five tons heavy to the construction site intact! Building bridges and roads, and doing good deeds, young and middle-aged people nearby enthusiastically came to Linggang, all strong and strong, all good at doing heavy work, and there were just 32 people.
Sixteen stones and thirty-two strong men are also coincidences. One more person is too crowded and one less person is too weak. Strangely, there is a stone, and everyone tries to move it. Then the fairy floated in and explained to everyone, "This is the dragon ridge, don't move." They did as they said, left the keel, reburied it, and took away the remaining fifteen. The shape of this bridge is four piers and three holes, with five Liang Shi on each hole, which is exactly fifteen.
When the bridge was completed, Confucius' wish came true. Villagers benefit from this, and they no longer need to cross rivers or ferries. Up to now, the villagers also said that the empty altar bridge was blessed by saints and moved by the light of the dragon body, so there were very few people holding the gods. Even if someone occasionally fell into the water, no one was injured or drowned.
If you follow the footsteps of Confucius and visit the empty altar bridge, you will be amazed at this project 400 years ago.
The whole bridge is made of bluestone, angular, big and heavy, stable and firm. It is 22.8 meters long, 2.25 meters wide and 2.52 meters high. Its shape is four piers and three holes, and five stone beams are laid between each hole, totaling fifteen. Surprisingly, every root of this Liang Shi is a whole piece, long, thick and well-defined. It is the most incredible and a mystery to carry and hoist with the scientific and technological level and equipment at that time. It is conceivable that the wisdom of craftsmen was very high at that time, and the quality of the bridge was also extraordinary. Hundreds of years have passed, how many people and things it has carried, and she still stands tall.
Legends belong to legends, and atheists only believe in science. Laojie itself is rich in building materials resources and has a marble factory. In the construction of Xinzhou section of Beijing-Kowloon Railway, stone materials are all made from local materials. There are scientific elements in Feng Shui, but some ancient methods have been used to explore it, plus some mysterious things. As far as the handling equipment at that time was concerned, with the help of everyone, supplemented by carriages, rickshaws and other equipment, the stones weighing 5000 kilograms were transported to the construction site piece by piece. The Chinese nation is an ancient civilization. Great Wall, Forbidden City, Dujiangyan and other huge projects all reflect the outstanding wisdom of our ancestors, and Kongtan Bridge is one of them.
5, also a mountain character.
At the sight of the vault, the frog ring rushed over temporarily.
The pine forest shakes the dragon shadow at night, and the strange stone squats on the tiger and leopard.
The air pressure in Dongshan is equivalent to that in Wu.
The Mid-Autumn Festival is endless, and the spring breeze is dancing everywhere.
The benevolent Leshan, the wise happy water. "Benevolent people are quiet, and benevolent people live long" (The Analects of Confucius? Yong also "). Benevolence is the core of Confucius' thought, the starting point and destination of Confucius' thought, and the ideal he fought for all his life. While carrying out his theories and thoughts, he also loves nature very much and cares about mountains and rivers. Determined to be good, send feelings to the mountains, take water as pleasure, the mountains are as lofty, and the water is as leisurely and serene, washing away the filth of the world. During his stay in Xinzhou, Confucius wandered between mountains and rivers many times, thinking about the great cause of saving the world and enjoying infinite beauty.
One morning at seven or eight o'clock, Confucius and his disciples came to Sun Shushan for a walk. While humming wonderful Shaole, they enjoyed the surrounding scenery: look carefully at the gurgling water of Confucius, with white waves hanging straight. The beautiful village girl waved a wooden pestle by the river, and the rhythmic sound of smashing clothes and the sound of running water seemed to be playing a touching music; The splashing water, under the sunlight, falls from the sky like a crystal pearl. From afar, people come and go, the sound of chickens and dogs is endless, and smoke is everywhere, soaring into the sky. Looking at the mountains in the east, I saw the verdant mountains stretching thousands of miles from north to south, just like a word "Zhi", but the fly in the ointment is that there is no "point" on it.
Confucius said, "What is it, what is it, what is it, what is it, what is it, what is it, what is it, and what is missing is unwritten." I picked up a handful of soil on the spot and threw it at that hill, only to see it fly into the air, getting bigger and bigger, and landed on that hill, forming a "Zi" point. Lutz and others exclaimed, "It's like a complete word."
The legend of hippopotamus chef is wonderful and magical. Chinese characters are hieroglyphics, which are natural and ingenious. The mountains are like cattle and horses, like words, full of beauty. Visit the land in person, climb high, look far and ponder, and you will feel the mystery and magic of Zi Shan.
One morning in early October, Confucius gave a speech on the platform of Confucius Mountain by the Confucius River. There were fifty or sixty people in the audience, and the students were fascinated. Confucius intoned:
Logging tintin,
Birds are singing.
From the valley,
Transfer to the tree;
It's ringing,
Ask for a friendly voice.
……。
Suddenly, a carriage came and two messengers got off. They went straight to Confucius. Confucius stopped giving lectures when he saw the arrival of officials. My Lord brought a letter from Lord Ye. Confucius took the reading, letter cloud:
Dear Confucius: Unfortunately, the monarch of our country collapsed yesterday, and the political situation in Chu changed, so it was not convenient for my predecessor Wang Zhao to keep an appointment. I sincerely pray for Han Hai. The envoy told me and sent me five thousand dollars for the trip. I hope you can accept it.
Master's profound knowledge, moral articles, towering mountains, scenery, and cessation of behavior. The higher you climb, the stronger you drill, and we will always respect you.
See you later. We'll meet again one day.
That is, when you sing!
Truman Shen Zhuliang nodded his head.
October 8, the twenty-seventh year of King Zhao of Chu.
In fact, the death is also one of the reasons why Chu stood me up, mainly because Chu made Yin Zixi jealous of being virtuous and talented. After reading Ye Gong's letter, Confucius felt deeply sad and sorry. He always thought that Zhao Chu was a wise king and a great Chu State. It would be a great blessing if King Zhao and Chu could implement benevolent policies and save lives in troubled times. In order to meet King Zhao of Chu, they traveled a long way and lived in the state of Chen for four years. Unexpectedly, Du Ying hasn't arrived yet, but the gentleman who met him has passed away and become an old friend.
Soon, Confucius and his disciples ended their journey in Xinzhou, bid farewell to Chu, and went to Weiguo, where they lived for another three years to participate in and discuss politics for Weiguo.
6. Millennium Xingtan Famous Academy
Single-minded, apricot altar as it is now;
From Lu to Qi and Chu, the rut will never come back.
Confucius left with regret of unfulfilled ambition, reverence for the profound Chu culture and deep attachment to this beautiful land.
However, Confucius River, Confucius Mountain and Confucius Village are special! Jinwen Academy, Jinwen Monument and Taiyangshu Mountain are especially worth visiting! Swallow Lane, Changjuchong, and drug rehabilitation center are especially here! On the podium, Mo Chi and inkstone are especially here!
The spirit of Confucius is always there! Confucius' theory endures forever!
"Teaching assimilation rain is far away, and the spring is like a slow flow." The mountains, rivers, flowers and trees here are all telling with deep affection that a great cultural giant once visited us and lived with us day and night.
People kept Confucius. Confucius' thoughts have influenced generations of people here and moistened every inch of land here. They upgraded Confucius' open-air platform to a magnificent academy, describing the history of spreading Confucianism day after day and year after year, until today, maybe forever.
From the 16th year of Emperor Wendi in the Western Han Dynasty (164 BC) to the first year of Emperor Yuanshou (122 BC), the Yi people excavated the stone tablet "Confucius asked for directions" in Qin Li near Confucius Mountain in Xinzhou. Liu An, the grandson of Liu Bang and the king of Huainan, built a pavilion and monument at the excavation site of the monument, built a Confucius Temple for people to sacrifice, and recruited bachelors to give lectures and write books in the temple. Huainan Wangli is the capital of Lu 'an, and the counties are its territory. At that time, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty adopted Dong Zhongshu's suggestion of "ousting a hundred schools of thought and respecting Confucianism alone", and Confucianism became the theoretical theory of safeguarding state power.
From the second year to the fourth year of Xiankang in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (AD 336-338), Mao Bao, then the secretariat of Yuzhou, visited the Confucius Temple here and allocated funds to repair it.
In Huichang, Tang Wuzong (842-844 AD), the famous poet Du Mu expanded the Confucius Temple. Taking the idea that Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty named Confucius as "the King of Great Sheng Wenxuan", he changed his name to Wenxuan Hall, where he opened an altar to give lectures.
In the Southern Song Dynasty, Jinghu let Meng Gong build the Confucius Temple. Zhu (A.D. 1 130 1200), a great thinker and master of Neo-Confucianism, came here to give lectures, give lectures, answer questions and write poems for Confucius Temple. A poem says, "The pale face was not ten years ago. Looking back in the mirror is a disappointment. Sorry, I'm so thin, I'll pay the rest of the money today. " At this time, Zhu was nearly seventy years old, and sometimes he felt that time and tide wait for no man.
At the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty, a famous Confucian in Luling, Jiangxi Province, and a Confucian in Huguang at the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, praised Long Renfu, refused to be an official in the Yuan Dynasty, followed the example of Chang Ju and Jie Yu, and retired to Kongshan, where Guan Wen Academy (known as Kongshan Temple or Long Renfu Academy in history) was founded and a lecture room was built. I have devoted myself to Taoism all my life, and I am knowledgeable and knowledgeable. I wrote the Book of Changes (volume 18) with original opinions. He died in his 90 s and was buried in Yangluo Huashan. Later scholars highly praised his integrity and praised him. There are ancestral temples and memorial tablets next to the tomb, as well as Jinwen Academy, which is mourned and worshipped every year.
At the end of Yuan Dynasty, Chen Youliang Rebels captured Xinzhou and proclaimed themselves emperor in Zhucheng. Zhu Yuanzhang attacked Xinzhou and defeated Chen Youliang. Confucius Temple and Academy were severely damaged in the war. After that, it was repaired many times by local officials and Confucian scholars, but the scale was not as large as before.
In the Ming Dynasty, Shang Shugeng, Shu Shan, Governor Xiong of Huguang and other senior officials helped each other rebuild the Academy twice, and the Confucius Temple was jointly built, and a branch of the Academy was established in Tang Chi, a shopping mall in Henan. Xiong also wrote the words "interested in academy". "Once upon a time, Sun Yicheng, Hanshang, Hengshan, and Fuyang, with Kyoto Shoushan, Jiangyou Temple, and Wuxi Lindong, were well-known and prosperous." Zhu Shi, a scholar of Nanchang University in the Ming Dynasty, once said, "You can pay homage, care about people, look at each other and learn from each other, so that Chu Jiang can be honest like Zou Lu."
In the eighth year of Chongzhen in Ming Dynasty, the academy was destroyed by war. In the Qing Dynasty, it was rebuilt and expanded in the early years of Kangxi. In the early years of Xianfeng in the Qing Dynasty, the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Army and Zeng Guofan's Xiang Army attacked Xinzhou, and the Academy was rebuilt and expanded several times during the Tongzhi and Guangxu years. In the Qing Dynasty, Emperor Kangxi and Emperor Jiaqing gave the Academy a gold plaque, which is a "model for all generations" and a "masterpiece of saints" and is famous all over the world. Huguang's promotion of learning enabled Jiang Yong to write more than a thousand words for "Rebuilding the Inscription of Inquiring about the Academy".