Epiphytic orchids have thick rhizomes. Pseudobulb is oblong or ovoid, fleshy, 4-5cm long, with 2 terminal leaves. The leaves are elliptic-lanceolate or oblanceolate, with a length of10-18cm and a width of 3-6cm, tapering, and the base narrows into a short stalk. Scapes protrude from the top of young pseudobulb, covered with scales, and racemes are erect or drooping; Bracts narrowly ovate, 2 rows; Flowers precede leaves, white or yellowish, sepals ovoid, nearly equal in length, separated, boat-shaped, about 65438 0 cm long, often with narrow ridges on the back; Petals and sepals are almost equal in length, flat, strip-shaped, wide 1- 1.5 mm, and acute; The base of the lip is concave or saccate, 3-lobed, the lateral lobes are upright, the middle lobe is blunt at the top, with a small tip and curved outward; The gynoecium is very short and has wings at the top. Distributed in southeastern Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangxi, Guangdong and Fujian. This species of pseudobulb is like a peach, and it is used as medicine.
The scientific name is Shi Xiantao.
Different names
Coelomycetes sinensis. )Rchb。 Shi Xiantao Stylosanthes, Tang et al., Wang
Alias: Shishang Xiantao, Guoshangye (Yi), Shishanglian (Huiyang, Zhanjiang), Arnebia euchroma (Chaoshan, Puning, Chaoyang,), Lithospermum bicolor, Lithospermum gracile (Chaoan, South Australia), Eupatorium odoratum (Puning, Chaoyang), Eupatorium odoratum (Zhanjiang) and Ishikawa (Ishikawa).
Taxonomic Fritillaria orchid
It is distributed in southern Zhejiang (Taishun), Fujian, Guangdong, Hainan, Guangxi, Xingyi, Zunyi, Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture, Qiannan Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Hong Kong, northwest Yunnan to southeast Yunnan (Gongshan, Lancang, Jinghong, Mengla, Mengzi, Pingbian, Malipo and Xichou) and southeast Tibet (Medog). The type specimens were collected from Hongkong, China.
Foreign distribution
Living environment: Pholidota chinensis is epiphytic in forests, trunks, rock walls or humus rocks on the edge of valleys or woodlands at an altitude of 890-2 100 meters. The altitude is generally below 1500 meters, and a few can reach 2500 meters.
Description: Shixiantao is a perennial epiphytic herb. Its rhizome is usually short, creeping, with a diameter of 3-8 mm or more, covered by membranous scales, dense nodes and many roots, and pseudobulb grows at a distance of 5- 15 mm or less. Pseudobulb is oval or spindle-shaped, fleshy and varies greatly in size. Generally, it is 65,438+0.6-8 cm long and 5-23mm wide, and the base narrows into a stalk with 65,438+0-2 fibrous roots below. Pedicel is especially obvious in old pseudobulb, and its length is 1-2cm. When pseudobulb is dry, it shrinks into strips or spins, with irregular longitudinal wrinkles and longitudinal grooves, bud marks or leaf marks at the top, grayish yellow or yellowish brown, and sometimes yellowish green; Tough, gray-white cross-section, short cylindrical, with a thick cut at one end. Smooth surface, few grooves and loose texture. Leaves are often separated from pseudobulb, curled or folded, grayish yellow. Taste light, no gas or less gas. Pseudobulb is thick, with white cross section and few rhizomes and fibrous roots.
There are two leaves at the top of the pseudobulb of Shixintong, which are usually in the shape of inverted ellipse, inverted needle ellipse or nearly rectangle, with a length of 5-22 cm and a width of 2-6 cm. The apex is tapering, acute or near short tail, with three obvious arc veins, and some are black after drying. The base of the leaf gradually narrows into a petiole, which is 1-5 cm long. Shi Xiantao blooms in April-May. Scape is born at the top of young pseudobulb, and when released, the base and young leaves are covered by sheaths, with a length of 12-38 cm. Racemes usually bend outward, with several to more than 20 alienated flowers; Inflorescence axis slightly tortuous; Bracts are nested in two rows when the flowers are not in full bloom, which are oblong to broadly ovoid, often folded in half, with a length of 1- 1.7 cm and a width of 6-8 mm, and persist, at least when the flowers wither. Pedicel and ovary 4-8 mm long; Flowers white or light yellow, fragrant; There are 3 sepals, the middle sepal is ovoid or ovoid, 7- 10 mm long and 4.5-6 mm wide, sunken into a boat shape, with a slight keel-like protrusion on the back; Lateral sepals ovate-lanceolate, slightly narrower than the middle sepals, with obvious keel-like protrusions; Petals are linear-lanceolate, with a length of 9 9- 10/0mm and a width of1.5-2mm, equal to sepals, and slightly keel-like protrusions on the back; The outline of the lip is nearly wide, oval, slightly 3-cleft, and the lower half is sunken into a hemispherical sac. There are 1 semicircular side lobes on both sides of the capsule, and the front middle leaf is oval, with a length of about 4-5 mm and a short tip, and there are no appendages in the capsule. The pistil is 4-5 mm long, with wings above the middle, and the wings surround the drug bed; The beak has a wide tongue shape.
The capsule of Xiantao is an inverted ellipse, with a length of 1.5-3cm and a width of 1- 1.6cm, with 6 edges and 3 edges with narrow wings, and the fruit looks like a carambola. Pedicels are 4-6 mm long, and the fruiting period is from September to 65438+ 10.
According to the chemical composition literature, Pholidota chinensis contains urushiol, cyclosiloxane alcohol, cyclosiloxane ketone, β-sitosterol, four phenolic components and four other types of compounds, which have certain pharmacological effects and specific uses.
All herbs can be used as medicine.
Harvest and processing can be carried out all year round. Pull out the whole plant, wash it, scald it with hot water and dry it in the sun.
Sexual taste, sweet, light and cool. Enter the liver meridian, spleen meridian and kidney meridian.
Indications: clearing away heat and nourishing yin, resolving phlegm and relieving cough, moistening lung and promoting fluid production, promoting diuresis and removing blood stasis. Can be used for treating common cold, cough, sore throat, bronchitis, pneumonia, asthma, pulmonary tuberculosis, scrofula, infantile malnutrition, gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer, gastritis, hepatitis, dysentery, hematemesis, scrofula, toothache, headache, dizziness, wet dream, leucorrhea, and dysuria. External treatment of chronic osteomyelitis, traumatic injury, fracture and traumatic bleeding.
External usage and dosage. 0.5 ~ 1; Appropriate amount for external use, mashed with fresh grass, and applied to the affected area. Oral administration: 9 ~ 15g (fresh 30 ~ 60g), decocted in water.