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Hua Tuo (145-208), a famous doctor at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, had a distinctive character. Together with Dong Feng and Zhang Zhongjing, they are also called "Jian 'an Three Magical Doctors". The Biography of Hua Tuo in the later Han Dynasty recorded that Hua Tuo was "a hundred years old but still strong in face, and people thought he would not die". According to this calculation, Hua Tuo may have lived over sixty-four.

Cao Cao knew that Hua Tuo's medical skill was excellent and he was seriously ill with head wind, so he specially called him for medical treatment. However, Hua Tuo left home for too long and missed his family, so he said that he would go home to get the prescription and ask Cao Cao for leave. If you don't want to go back to Cao Cao after returning home, just say that your wife is ill and won't come back when it expires. Cao Cao recalled letters many times and asked the counties to send him back to Huatuo, but Huatuo hated what Cao Cao had done and refused to go back. In 2008, Cao Cao was furious and sent someone to investigate. When he found out that Hua Tuo's wife was cheating, he put Hua Tuo in prison. Yu Xun begged Cao Cao, but Cao Cao refused. Before Hua Tuo came, he gave the jailer a roll of medical books, but the jailer refused to accept them for fear that he would commit a crime. Hua tuo didn't insist and burned them. He was later killed at the age of 63 There are two disciples and Fan. ..

The above historical data show that the historical records are contradictory in terms of age alone. One is 100 years old and the other is 63 years old. Which one is right? Or neither?

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Hua Tuo practiced medicine all his life and was proficient in internal medicine, surgery, gynecology, pediatrics, acupuncture and so on. If acupuncture and drugs can't be cured, give the patient wine with Ma Feisan, just like anesthesia after drinking it, then perform surgery, sew up the wound and apply ointment, and it will be fine in four or five days, and it will be calm in January. But Ma Feisan's surgical skills have been lost. Hua tuo also knows the art of nourishing nature. Although he is old, he still has great ability. He imitated the movements of tigers, deer, bears, apes and birds, and created the Wuqinxi. His apprentice, Upp, has been studying. He is over ninety years old, his eyes and ears are still smart, and his teeth are complete.

There is something wrong with the records here. Since his student Upp has been studying, how could he lose his surgical skills?

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The History of the Three Kingdoms commented: "Hua Tuo's medical diagnosis, Du Kui's vocal music, Zhu Jianping's physiognomy, Zhou Xuanzhi's dream and Guan Ju's technique are all mysterious and ingenious and very unique. The past history has been handed down from Bian Que, Cang Gong and Japan, so it is widely known and miracles continue. So Yuner was recorded. "

Yu Xun: "Recipes are practical, and people's lives are at a critical juncture. It is advisable to add all the mistakes. "

People often call him Hua Tuo, an imperial doctor, and later generations praised him as a doctor with superior medical skills with "Hua Tuo reincarnation" and "Yuan reincarnation".

The name of Hua Tuo, an imperial doctor, has been passed down to this day, but how to explain the contradictions in historical records?

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Chen Yinque, a master of modern Chinese studies, believes that Hua Tuo is a fairy tale in itself, and the prototype of the story comes from Indian Buddhist legends. This story, like the elephant in Cao Chong, is an Indian import. In the article "Biography of Hua Tuo in Cao Chong and Buddhist Stories of Three Kingdoms", he analyzed the story of Cao Chong's image, the story of Hua Tuo's treatment and the mythological background of "India" in the story of "Seven Sages in Bamboo Forest" one by one.

When Chen Shou wrote The History of the Three Kingdoms, he mixed the Indian stories that were circulated at that time into his literary theory.

"Agada" in Tianzhu (that is, Indian Sanskrit) means medicine. The old translation is "Akada" or "Ajeto", which is a common language in Canon. The ancient sound of "Huatuo" is compatible with "Gada". The person who omits the word "A" in Akada is just like "Arhat". Hua Tuo's real name is "Fu" rather than "Tuo". At that time, people compared Hua Tuo to an Indian myth, and because they called him Hua Tuo, they regarded him as a "drug god". The word "Hua Tuo" comes from Indian mythology.

Chen Yinque's article has been widely endorsed by academic circles. For example, in Lin Meicun's Ma Feisan and the External Causes of Han Dynasty, the actual meaning of "Agada" in Sanskrit is antidote, which refers to pills. Mafeisan is actually a Tianzhu Hu medicine. "Hua Tuo's name comes from Sanskrit, and his medical skills have Indian factors, so it is reasonable." "But as long as we carefully observe the social environment of Hua Tuo's medical practice, it is not difficult to find that what Chen said is not speculation."

Ji Fang Biography, the twenty-ninth volume of the History of the Three Kingdoms, recorded many anecdotes about Hua Tuo's treatment. Chen Yinque pointed out that Hua Tuo's handling of Cao Cao was purely plagiarism. Heartbreaking is also plagiarism. Vomiting a red bug is also plagiarism. It can almost be said that most of China's miraculous medical skills were copied from Indian fairy tales, but China didn't. It's just that "Lai Buddha becomes a god", and the fake becomes real. This "truth" has reached the point where China people especially believe it.

Hua Tuo's deeds actually come from the story of the Indian imperial doctor. According to the Records of the Three Kingdoms, when Hua Tuo was treating a disease, for those who had to be removed by surgery, the patient was given hemp boiling powder, and then the abdomen was broken to get a knot. If the patient is in the intestines, cut open the intestines and clean them, then tuck in the abdomen and apply ointment to the wound. After four or five days, the wound will heal and the patient will not feel anything. After about a month, the wound will heal completely. This story comes from the treatment of the son of an old man detained in Yaoyu.

Hua tuo treated Chen Deng, the magistrate of Guangling. He asked Chen Deng to take two liters of decoction and spit out about three liters of worms. His red head is still writhing and his body is like sashimi. This story is similar to the story of an imperial doctor.

What Hua Tuo did to Cao Cao is similar to the story of a hero. "Jianyu also treated the tyrant's illness and was killed by several people. Lai Buddha became a god, and I would like to avoid it. " The fate of Hua Tuo and Chi Yu coincides with each other, which makes people feel suspicious of "following the tradition".

There are Buddhist stories not only in Hua Tuo Zhuan, but also in the story of Cao Chong's image. He believes that "the colossus is not the beast of the Central Plains, and Hua Tuo is the voice of foreign countries for five days. The omen of its change is still alive, so it is necessary to rely on it to find the original of historical materials. " According to the fact that Buddhism has not been introduced to China for a long time, Indian myths are widely spread and have far-reaching social influence. So historians like Chen Shou can't tell the truth from the truth.

Hua Tuo's prototype may exist in China, or he may really come from Guo Peiqiao County, or he may even be "familiar" with some health-keeping techniques. But this man later became "Hua Tuo" and completely imposed the Indian "Tuo" (the God of Medicine King) on this China person.

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1980 Matsushima, Department of Anesthesiology, Hirosaki University, Japan, published an article entitled "Recent knowledge in the history of anesthesiology-Hua Tuo, a famous doctor in Han Dynasty, was actually a Persian" in the ninth issue of Anesthesiology published in Japan.

Hua tuo is a homonym of XWadag in Persian, which means Lord or God. Therefore, Hua Tuo is not a person's name, but the meaning of the Lord, Your Excellency and Mr., which implies that Hua Tuo's personal occupation should be "a gentleman with excellent medical skills". Persia (formerly known as Rest in Peace, now Iran) crossed the Silk Road to the east, and Hua Tuo was the Persian who arrived in Xu Tu (now Xuzhou) through this road. Persians entered the Central Plains through the Silk Road. A poem by Li Bai said: "Hu Ji is like a flower, and when the furnace laughs at the east wind." The "Hu Ji" mentioned is Persian. Hua Tuo, who has always been regarded as a China, is actually a Persian.

Personally, I am inclined to Chen Yinque's view that Hua Tuo is an Indian.

Hua tuo was killed by Cao Cao. Hua Tuo died in 208 AD at the age of six or seven.

In history, Hua Tuo wanted to be an official in politics. Hua Tuo himself is a scholar. He "studied abroad and learned a lot of classics" and then became famous for his superb medical skills. However, in the Han Dynasty, to paraphrase an old saying, "Everything is inferior, only reading is high." Doctor, in history books, it is impossible to list a biography alone, and we can also get a glimpse of it.

At that time, Cao Cao suffered from headache in Wang Wei, especially later. Huatuo was good at medical skills, and Cao Cao "made him watch it exclusively", so Huatuo became Cao Cao's "physician". After seeing Cao Cao's illness, Hua Tuo said, "It is difficult to help here, so you can prolong your life." It shows that the disease is difficult to cure for a while and it takes time. In the process of treating Cao Cao, Hua Tuo began to deliberately delay the process, under the pretext of "receiving a letter from home and wanting to return it for a while." I went home, and when I got home, I lied that my wife was ill and didn't come home several times. Investigate its original intention, but it is intended to blackmail Cao Cao and seek official positions.

Cao Cao greeted him with calligraphy many times and ordered the county to send him, but "(China) parents can be anorexic and still don't go on the road." Cao Cao was "furious, which made people go to the examination", but he carefully verified it first and did not convict Hua Tuo: "If his wife believes in illness, she will be allowed 40 days off; If it is a lie, it will be accepted and sent. " So Hua Tuo's lies were exposed and he was jailed.

After Hua Tuo was imprisoned, Cao Cao's senior adviser Yu Xun pleaded for Hua Tuo, saying, "Hua Tuo's technology is practical, and people's lives are in the county.

It is appropriate to include it. Cao Cao refused and said, "Don't worry, there is no such mouse in the world?" By this time, Cao Cao's contempt for Hua Tuo was beyond words.

As a doctor, Cao Cao deliberately delayed and threatened to treat patients as a means to embark on his official career, and it is reasonable to look down on him. Hua tuo's move is really detrimental to medical ethics and can be called an unscrupulous doctor.

Therefore, after Hua tuo, although Cao Cao's head wind disease still occurred from time to time, he did not regret it and said, "You can recover from it." Little people have raised my illness, so I should respect myself. However, I will not kill this son, nor will I break this original ear for me. " This hit the nail on the head, telling Hua Tuo's mind and the reason why Hua Tuo was killed. It's a pity that Huatuo's generation of imperial doctors, despite their first-class medical skills, only want to play politics with a hero like Cao Cao, which is too underestimating Cao Cao.