Zhong Ni Yi Chu (1), out of the forest (2), see rickets inherited (3), those who still regret (4). Zhong Ni said, "How smart is this child? Is there any evil? " He said, "I have an idea. In may and June, if you don't fall, you will lose. If you are tired for three times, you will lose eleven. If you are tired, you will still be photographed. I'm also taking part. If I'm stranded (1 1), I'm holding my arm (12). If I'm a branch of a tree (13), although the world is big and there are many things, I just know by wings. I'm not against everything (14), and I'm not putting everything on the wing (15). Why not! " Confucius said to his disciples, "Regardless of ambition, it is called (26) if it is condensed in God!"

Note 1 applicable: to. 2 out: after that. 3 rickets: hunchback elderly; Take it with a long pole; Cicada, cicada. 4 pick up. ⑤ Smart: Skilled in technology. 6. Ways: methods and tricks. ⑦ May and June: refers to the time for practicing inheritance; Tired pills 2. Stack two small balls at the top of the bamboo pole; Tired, folded. 8 get lost: escape cicada; Zanzhu (Zi Athena Chu Zi Zhu) is an ancient unit of weight, with six baht as spears and four spears as one or two; The figures described here are very small. Pet-name ruby eleven: one tenth. Attending: refers to the posture of the body when carrying the coffin. (1 1) Jue (Jueyin Jue): tea, broken wood; Plants, bare roots, constrained and bent wood. (12) Holding arm: Raise arm. (13) Sassafras: rotten wood. (14) Inversion: Turn, side and tilt to one side. (15) Yi: change, transform. (16) Qi: Probably, indicating the tone of speculation.

When Zhong Ni went to Chu, he passed through a forest and saw an old man with a hunchback sticking a cicada with a bamboo pole, just as easily as holding something with his hand. Zhong Ni said, "What a coincidence! Do you have any tricks? " The old man said, "I have a knack. I spent five or six months practicing stacking two small balls on a bamboo pole, and cicadas rarely ran away. If you can't pile up three balls, at most one of the ten cicadas will run away; If you fold five balls without landing, you will stick to cicadas. I stand like a stump, and my arm is like a dry branch. Although the world is so big and there are so many things in the world, my heart only thinks about the wings of cicadas. I don't turn around or bend over, because everything distracts my attention from cicadas. How can you not catch cicadas? " Confucius said to his students, "with one heart and one mind, you will reach the magical realm." Probably this hunchback old man. "

The evaluation of Sun Mingkuang's South China True Classics: "Although it is in small letters, it is exquisite, and the chapters and sentences are all fine."

Qing Liu Feng Bao's "Southern Snow Heart": "It is natural to write ambitious words, quote idioms, praise them, and point out the words" ambition "and" spirit ". The whole picture is purely figurative. The correct meaning is clear. "

Taking a rickety husband as a metaphor, the author of "General Cases" shows that only by eliminating all external interference and maintaining inner unity can we achieve the purpose of health preservation.

In this section, we use extremely refined language to outline the image of a rickety husband who "focuses on God, regardless of ambition", and at the same time, it can also make people realize that practice makes perfect.

Zhu Zongren Yuan Duan smiled at the prison and said, "Do you hate death?" ? I will worship you on March 4th,1October 10, and keep it on the third day. I will put your shoulder on the carved table next to the white grass 7, so what will you do? "For the sake of conspiracy, he said," I would rather eat chaff in the wrong prison cabin; "For your own use, live with the dignity of Xuanmian, and die on the glandular rafters, and you will get it (1 1). Go if you want to do something for yourself (12), and take it if you want to do something for yourself. What's the difference? "

Note 1 Zhu Zongren: refers to the sacrificial officer; May, may history; Zongren, the official in charge of sacrifice; Unexplained, sacrificial clothes; Near, near; Smile, pigsty. 2 talk: persuade pigs; Say (tax, silver tax), persuade, cure, and pig. 3 evil death: refers to the fear of death; Evil (Wu Yinjun), disgust. (4) Happy tone: feeding. 5 abstinence: fasting. ⑥ Qi (Zhai Yinzhai): Tongzhai means offering sacrifices to officials who don't eat meat or fish. 7 borrow: pave the way. 8: buttocks; Carve, carve a patterned ritual vessel. 9. Wrong: Take measures and places, here is the meaning of life. ⑩ Respect of the Xuanguan: refers to the high-ranking officials. (1 1) Zan (transfer) Chuan (Yin Xun Xun): a carved hearse; A coffin with colorful decorations on it. (12) Go: abandon; It refers to the white thatch and sculpture mentioned above.

The sacrificial officer dressed in dignified black approached the pigsty and persuaded the pig, "Why are you afraid of death?" I fed you good feed for three months, fasted for you for ten days, and I didn't eat meat for ten days myself. When offering sacrifices, I will spread clean white thatch as a cushion for you, and put your shoulders and hips on beautifully carved sacrificial vessels. You should always be willing. "As a pig, I plan for myself and say,' It is better to eat the dross and raise it in a pigsty'; As a person, I plan for myself. As long as I am alive and have a high wealth status, I will do it if I can put it in a carved coffin and a coffin with colorful decorations after my death. As a pig, when you think for yourself, you abandon the thatch and carve it; People are planning for themselves, so they covet glory, beard and rolls for grain. What's the difference between a man and a pig?

Comment on Liu Song Chen Weng's comment on Zhuangzi: "The meaning is tortuous, the heart is sympathetic, mysterious and ridiculous."

Wu Qin Shi Shang's interpretation of Zhuangzi: "Zhuangzi's articles always start with a postscript and end with a question, which makes people burst into tears when they think of themselves."

Qing Liu Feng Bao's "South China Snow Heart": "This paragraph is extremely written to indulge in wealth, entertain its life, and forget its harm. For ambition, it is not so much spoil as Zhu Zongzhi's support; If you seek for yourself, you will be rewarded if you are greedy for the glory of Xuanmian. I don't know why my feelings are reversed. The tortoise didn't want to leave his bones in the temple, dragging his tail with mud, which was Zhuangzi's metaphor. I don't want to be a vulture, but I smiled and Zhuangzi woke up. MengMeng's Lost and Zhuangzi's Great Sorrow. Every sentence is extremely cold and steep, and in the sea of suffering, I was able to sail on this treasure raft and get out of the maze. "

This passage of the general case mocks those who are willing to stay above the temple for greed and glory, and reflects the author's lofty attitude towards officials and contempt for prosperity. At the same time, these few strokes also outline Zhu Zongren's hypocritical and disgusting face, showing the author's profound understanding of the world.

Huan Gongze ①, Guan ②, what the hell. Gong caressed Guan Zhong's hand and said, "What did Guan Zhong see?" Right: "I have nothing to see." Rebellion ⑤, er, cure ⑤, not a few days. A prince of Qi Baishi told Ao: "The public will hurt themselves, and evil spirits can hurt the public! The husband is not angry enough, not against it; Can't go up and down, it makes people angry; If you can't get up, you will get carried away; If you can't get up and down, you will get sick if you are careful. " Huan Gong said, "But what about ghosts?" Said, "Yes. Shen has shoes, a bun in the stove, indoor annoyance, and thunder is (11); Below the northeast, salmon " "Jump (12), below the northwest, and then in the sunny place (13). Water has an image (14), hills have mountains (15), mountains have ponds (16), the wild has hesitation (17), and the ze has snakes (18). " Gong Yue: "Excuse me, what is a snake like?" "Like a snake, it's as big as a hub (19) and as long as a shaft (20)," said the prince. "It's dressed in purple and crowned with vermilion. It is also a thing. If you hate the sound of a thundercar (2 1), you will stand with its head, and people who see it will be almost arrogant (22). " Duke Huan "?" However, he smiled and said (23): "What I saw is true, too." So I sat with my clothes on (24), and I didn't know I was ill all day (25). "

Note 1 Huan Gong: Qi Huangong Xiaobai, the monarch of Qi in the Spring and Autumn Period; Farming, dredging and hunting; Ze, the land of wild ze. 2 Guan Zhong: Guan Yiwu, a famous politician in the Spring and Autumn Period, was the prime minister when he was in Huan Gong; Royal, drive. 3 caress: hug, hug. 4 Guan Zhong: Huan Gong's honorific title for Guan Zhong. ⑤ Reverse: Same return. Ai Yi (Yi Xi sounds like Yi Xi): I'm delirious. 7 anger: angry; Decapitation, originally referring to stopping water, is extended to accumulation. ⑧ Shen: a land of accumulated water and mud; Shoes and socks are the names of ghosts and gods. Pet-name ruby steamed bun: Kitchen God, a legendary beauty, dressed in red. Attending annoying soil: the accumulation place of manure. (1 1) Thunder: the name of ghosts and gods; Live there. (12) Salmon bug: the name of a ghost. It is said to be under the northeast wall of the house. It jumps like a child, one foot four inches long, dressed in black, and holding a halberd with a sword. (13) Fuyang: the name of ghosts and gods, that is, the flat head, leopard head and dog head of Guoyu Zhou Yu. (14) Missing image: the name of the water god, which is legendary like a child, with red claws, big ears and long arms. (15) Ji: The name of a ghost is legendary, like a dog, with horns and colorful tattoos. (16) Kui: In the name of God, see the note in Qiu Shui. (17) Wandering: Also known as Huang Fang, the name of ghosts and gods, the legend is like a snake with five ends. (18) Conspiracy snake: the name of the ghost, and its description is explained as follows. (19) Hub: The log in the center of the wheel is connected with one end of the spoke and has a sleeve shaft. (20) Axle: Axle, two long wooden strips connected with the axle, used for riding. (2 1) Thundercar: A car that makes a thunderous sound when walking. (22) Almost: Near. Dan (23) "Bang" (Zen sound) ran: smiling. (24) dressing: finishing clothes and hats; Crown, hat. (25) Death: refers to the recovery of the disease.

Qi Huangong was hunting in the wild, Guan Zhong was driving, and Huan Gong suddenly saw a ghost. Huan Gong held Guan Zhong's hand and said, "Wen Zhong, do you see anything?" Guan Zhong replied, "I didn't see anything." After Huan Gong went back, he fell ill, lost his mind and stayed indoors for many days. A scholar of the state of Qi, Prince Gao 'ao, said, "You hurt yourself. How can a ghost hurt you? " ! Anger and anxiety are depressed in the body, and the essence will not return, which will make the body weak; If the upper part of the human body does not stagnate, it will easily make people angry; If you stay in the lower part of the human body, it will make people forget things easily; If you stay in people's minds, you will get sick. "Qi Huangong said," So, is there really a ghost? " The prince told Ao, "Yes. Where there is water and mud, there is a ghost named Lu, and the stove has a god's name. There is a ghost in the dirt of the portal. Thunder lives there, under the northeast wall of the house, where the salmon god jumps, and under the northwest wall of the house, where the sun god lives. The gods in the water don't listen to elephants, the gods in the hills are called Ji, the gods in the mountains are called Kui, the gods in Tanaka are called hesitation, and the gods in the wild are called entrusted snakes. " Huan Gong said, "Excuse me, what shape is the snake? The prince said to Ao, "Don't be a snake, it's only as big as an axle and as long as an axle." . It is dressed in purple, wearing a crown of Zhu. As a god, it hates the sound of thunder cars. As soon as it heard the thunder car, it stood there with its head held high, and everyone who saw it would become the overlord. "Huan Gong smiled happily and said," This is the God I heard. " So Huan Gong adjusted his clothes and sat down to talk to Prince Gao Ao. In less than a day, he was all right before he knew it.

Comment on Sun Mingkuang's South China True Classic: "The composition is intricate and full of vitality."

Lin Qingyun Ming's Zhuangzi karma: "What Huan Gong saw may not be the case. It is a place where heroes deceive people and inspire people, knowing that white fish is red and black, and it is not man-made to cut the snake and cross the water. This is what Chen Sheng's "Hu Ming Silk" means. Don't talk about heroes by success or failure. "

Qing Liu Feng Bao's "South China Snow Heart": "This passage is based on the disease of Huan Gong, and the way of keeping in good health is clear and full of vitality. ..... The word "public self-injury" reveals the source of the disease, including an article on the theory of no ghosts. The word "qi" was chosen conveniently and explained skillfully. ..... This section explains the significance of health preservation purely from the opposite side, and says it in a small room. ..... The following is also the problem of Huan Gong, so I simply come to a real hell floor, and welcome the opportunity to enlighten me. It is not enough to talk about metaphysics with Huan Gong. Talking to Huan Gong about ghosts is enough to dispel his doubts. If you write by hand, you will only feel that the emptiness of the universe is full of ghosts and gods. If there is no image, it is strange to pick up its image. If it is silent, it is strange and strange. It has been pointed out that such a place name has no such substance after Zheng Qiao. At the end of writing, he pretended to be a snake. As soon as he said,' everyone who meets him is almost a tyrant', he knew that he was overjoyed and fell in love with six sets, which was the root of Huan Gong's illness. He tried his best to impress with the word "tyrant", just like "seven hairs" in Meicheng went to Guangling Guantao, and his illness was lost in Huo Ran. The previous picture is deep and profound, and the latter picture is awkward, dense and alternating, odd and positive, and extremely bleak. "

The section "Ghost of Huan Gong" in General Rules illustrates the important role of spirit. The author believes that spirit can make people die or live. Therefore, health care should first pay attention to spiritual cultivation, not to be confused by foreign objects, and not to hurt the spirit.

The artistic achievements of this passage are highlighted in the delicate psychological depiction. The prince told Ao that he was keenly aware of his desire for hegemony, so he made a big fuss about "hell". At first, he cut to the chase and called it a ghost. When Huan Gong entered the country, he was full of twists and turns, but it was not announced. Finally hit the nail on the head and told the "root cause" of Huan Gong. The author wrote that Huan Gong was a ghost. He was ill, and the treatment was ineffective. He was cured by a ghost. I heard that he was "almost bullied" when he saw a snake, but he recovered all day long, step by step, and fell into it. He doesn't seem to understand Huan Gong's psychology, but he is in Huan Gong's heart. Show a character who is worried about getting sick first, then relieved and proud in front of readers.

Confucius observed Lvliang (1). The water in the county is thirty miles, and the foam is forty miles. Fish and turtles can't swim. Seeing a husband swimming, he thought he was in pain and wanted to die. Let his disciples swim with him and save him. Hundreds of steps away, songs were released and swimming under the pond. Confucius said, "I regard my son as a ghost. If I examine him, I will be human." . Is there a way to jump into the water? Yue: "I have no choice but to die (1 1). I started from the past (12), grew from sex (13) and became fate (14). Keep pace with the times (15), keep pace with the times (16), and take the road of water instead of personal (17). That's why I did it. Confucius said, "What is the beginning, what is sex and what is life?" "Yue:" I was born in Yu Ling and was born in Yu Ling (18), so I am also; Longer than water and content with water, sex is also; I don't know why I am, but so is my life. "

Note 1: Lvliang: the name of water, called Longmen, north of Hejin County, Shanxi Province; One said that in Tongshan County, Jiangsu Province today. ② County (Xuanyin Suspension): Tongxian County. (3) Foam: the foam splashed when the torrent is running, where the current is large and urgent. (4) vowel position: Dagong turtle; Tuo, a crocodile, is commonly known as "the woman dragon of the pig". ⑤ Husband: an ancient name for a man. 6 suffering: pain. ⑦ Parallel flow: along the river, downstream; Save, save. 8 hair: loose hair; Yes, wear it; Under the pond, under the embankment 9 follow: follow. 10. check: observe carefully. (1 1) Wu (Wu Wuyin): Nothing at all, nothing at all. (12) Therefore, it is natural. (13) Length: grow up, grow up; Sex, habits. (14) Cheng: Xue Cheng; Life refers to nature. (15) Qi: ventilation, describing whirlpool as human navel. (16) Gul (ancient sound): Upward surging water. (17) Private: Private will refers to one's own subjective will. (18) Mausoleum: Hill.

Confucius visited and watched in Lvliang. Lvliang's waterfalls tumbled down from 30 feet, splashing foam as far as 40 miles. Giant salamander, fish and tortoise can't float here, but he sees a person swimming in it. Confucius thought he had something painful and wanted to commit suicide, so he sent his disciples down the river to save him. The man swam hundreds of steps out of the water, with long hair and singing, and swam leisurely under the embankment. Confucius said to his fellow travelers, "I thought you were a ghost, but look carefully, you are a human being." What's the secret of swimming? "The man replied," No, I don't have any secrets of swimming. "At the beginning, it was out of nature. In the process of growing up, out of habit, you can achieve something by following nature. When I swim, I can dive into the bottom with the current of the whirlpool, or I can surface with the current of the first whirlpool, which conforms to the law of water and never let myself do it. This is why I swim. " Confucius said, "What does it mean to be born early, grow up in Xi Zhi, and achieve something, but follow nature?" The man replied: "I was born in the hilly area and adapted to the life in the hilly area, which is called nature;" Growing up by the water and adapting to the life by the water is called self-habit; I don't know why I did it, but I did it again. It's called going with nature. "

Comment on Shen's interpretation of Zhuangzi: "This is the ancestor of travel notes."

Lin Qingyun-Ming's Zhuangzi karma: "It's amazing to send out a kind of knowledge in times of peace! Flag! . "

Qing Hu Wenying's Zhuangzi Lonely View: "There is a way to inherit, but there is no way to jump into the water. Speaking vertically and horizontally, there is a head. "

Qing Liu Feng Bao's Snow Heart in South China: "After swimming out of the water, I swam and sang under the embankment, which made me feel very free."

There is also: "This passage also implies the principle of God, and things should not be hurt. From the way of water, not for self-interest, that is, Mencius' so-called flowing nature, what you do is what you do. Those who "started from the past" live in the mausoleum, learn from the water, learn from the water, and forget that it is a mausoleum. Those who are' long in sex' are at peace with water for a long time, content with water and forget it as water; Those who are' successful in life' are content with the mausoleum without knowing why, and with the water without knowing why. On the third floor, there are flying flowers and rolling snow. "

The main purpose of this section of the general case is to explain that if everything conforms to nature, people can get along safely in a sinister environment without any harm, which embodies the author's outlook on life that advocates nature.

In art, the author created a clever and unique image of a swimming husband. At first, the author exaggerated the surge of water by exaggeration, but the word "husband" haunted it, which naturally led to Confucius' anxiety and a sense of urgency to hold his breath. Then, he took a large sum of money and turned it into a leisurely lyrical description, describing the relaxed and chic of the swimmer who "sang songs and swam in the pool". This meaningful way of writing, because of the contrast and foil, makes the characters more distinct.

Qing Zi chopping wood is a simple and successful process, and people who see it will be shocked by ghosts and gods. When Lv Hou saw it, he asked him, "What do you think of Zi?" He said, "I am a minister and a worker. I don't know what to do!" Although, there is one thing. I will be an official, and I dare not consume gas, but I dare not celebrate Juelu after three days of meditation. Five days together, dare not cherish fame. After being together for seven days, I forgot that I had four bodies. Time is unfair, and it is skillful and specialized, and the external bones disappear. Then go into the mountain forest and observe the natural shape of the body, and reach Yi Yi (1 1), then prejudice Yi (12), and then add hands (13), otherwise it will be ((14). Then with Tianhe Tian (15), the reason why the device is suspicious (16) is to follow! "

Note ① Ziqing: a famous craftsman of Lu State; Catalpa, carpenter; Celebration, name; Chop wood, cut wood with a knife; Ju sound saw is a wooden frame used to hang musical instruments such as bells and cymbals, and is usually carved into figures such as birds and beasts. (2) Skill: Skill refers to non-artificial skill, which means spell; What? This refers to the graphics on the screen. 3 gas consumption: mental loss. (4) Qi (fasting): fasting and eliminating distractions; Meditation calms the mind. ⑤ Celebration and reward: People celebrate and reward. 6 No: refers to the criticism of others; Fame refers to the praise of others; Smart and clumsy refers to what others think is exquisite and clumsy. ⑦ Mo (the person) ran: motionless; Branches, same limbs, limbs. Gong Chao: The imperial court. Pet-name ruby excelling nature: concentrate on carving skills; External bone, external disturbance; Bones, slippery loanwords, confusion. ⑩ Nature: refers to the natural feelings of birds and animals when there is no external interference; Body refers to the bodies of birds and animals. (1 1) chi yi: refers to the natural shapes of birds and animals; Go, go. (12) Prejudice: refers to the image of an old man; See, appear together, show, appear. (13) Hands-on: Hands-on production. (14) Otherwise: Otherwise, it means that it has reached the state of "prejudice"; Yes, stop. (15) Harmony between man and nature: The former "heaven" refers to the image of birds and beasts that emerges in the mind, and it is called "heaven" because it is observed from and blended with nature; The "sky" of the latter refers to the images of birds and animals in nature. (16) device: refers to the manufactured ring; Doubting God is a miracle, echoing the previous sentence "still believe in ghosts and gods".

In this translation, purple carved wood is used as a coffin. After the coffin was made, everyone who saw it was surprised that it was made by an incredible craft. King Lu met Li and asked Zi Qing, "What magic did you use?" Zi Qing replied, "I'm just a worker. What is the magic? " However, I still have one thing to say. I never dare to be distracted when I want to make a cup. I must calm my mind by fasting and eliminating distractions. After fasting for three days, I dare not have the idea of wanting others to celebrate. If you fast for five days, you dare not take others' reputation and comments to heart at all; After fasting for seven days, I reached the state of forgetting myself, even forgetting my limbs. Only then did I know that this was for the imperial court. I just concentrate on carving skills and exclude all external interference. Then go into the mountains to observe the natural conditions and external forms of birds and beasts, and get them from the heart. At this time, an excellent cockroach form already exists in my heart. At this point, I started making. If not, I'll quit. To do this, we must make the image of birds and beasts in our hearts conform to the natural image of birds and beasts. That's probably why I'm suspected of being original. "

Comments on Xuan Ying's Interpretation of the South China Classics in Qing Dynasty: "Use numbers" and then the words are picturesque. "

Qing Hu Wenying's "Zhuangzi Lonely View": "After the word" then ",it suddenly stops with" otherwise ".It is refreshing to stop the stone, and the context can be imagined."

The central idea of the general case, "Celebrating one's children as elders", still lies in explaining that the key to health preservation is to eliminate all external interference and conform to nature. However, this idea is not expressed in the form of abstract argument, but through fables, characters and dialogues, which realizes the unity of the purpose and image of the discussion. At the same time, this fable also objectively tells the process of conception and practice in artistic creation, warning people that artistic creation cannot have the heart of fame and fortune, and only in this way can it succeed.