Ji Kang and Ruan Ji are representatives of "Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest" and celebrities in Wei and Jin Dynasties.

Things, they developed metaphysics to the peak in the Wei and Jin Dynasties, reaching a peak; Here they come again.

The representatives of metaphysics in Wei and Jin Dynasties, their ideological and behavioral image characteristics made them become "Wei and Jin Dynasties"

"Celebrities", "Wei-Jin demeanor" and "Wei-Jin romantic" are synonyms; * * * with ideals, with interest, * * * with.

The pursuit of contemporary living environment in their lives not only made them famous at that time, but also influenced them.

Today, it has become the object of future generations' admiration and a perfect match in China's ideological and cultural history.

Double star. However, due to personal differences such as family background, personal temperament and life experience.

This difference also leads to their different attitudes towards life, lifestyles and life outcomes. This text

Do some exploration on this, please criticize and correct me.

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Ji Kang's ancestral home is Shangyu, and his ancestral name is Xi. In order to avoid worries, he moved to Qiaoguo.

Lushan Mountain in Luoxian County was renamed Ji's because of its geographical location. Kang's father used to be a scribe of Cao Wei's overseers.

Suggestion: die early. My brother's happiness is only contemporary. He worked as a secretariat, servant and chief official in Yangzhou. Ji kangben

This person is the son-in-law of Cao Cao and Cao Lin, the king of Sun Bin, and belongs to the in-laws of Cao Wei's imperial clan.

Doctor, people call it "scattered middle school" because Ji Kang is not keen on career promotion, so he doesn't.

There are achievements that can be described.

(A) abstinence, calm and natural

Influenced by the social atmosphere, Ji Kang is old and knowledgeable, advocating nature and pursuing spiritual self.

Because, despise material enjoyment. He pointed out in "On Mingdan" that "the spirit of Taoism is the nature of all beings".

"Tarshish Proverbs" mentioned: "The vast Tai Su, Yang Yao and Ning Ying, the second instrument pottery, are prosperous."

It is also pointed out in "Sound without Sorrow and Music": "Heaven and earth are United in virtue, everything is precious, cold and summer change, and the five elements are born together.

In order to succeed. "On the relationship between form and God, he thought in On Health:" Form depends on God, and God must.

Formal existence. "Obviously, he acknowledges the interdependence between form and spirit, but he attaches more importance to this.

The role of spirit: If "God is impatient in the middle", he will be "lost in the outside". "Sit at night, in a low voice.

Confused, sleepy, I can't sleep. "At that time, people thought:" One anger is not enough to invade, one. "

Pity is not enough to hurt the body, "Ji Kang did not agree with this. He said in the theory of health preservation: "There are joys and sorrows.

Its meaning, thinking about selling its spirit, sadness and joy destroying its essence? Easy to exhaust, internal and external enemies,

If you are not a stone, how long can you last? ""As for the unreasonable measures, fewer people die, and more products are losses, and more products are losses.

Decline. From decline to white, from white to old. Old age and death do not communicate with each other. Therefore, he advocated the cultivation of mind and nature.

God's whole body, so that "love and hate do not dwell on love, worry and joy do not dwell on thoughts." Emotion has no feeling, but the body is angry.

Peace ",health should be" quiet, less selfish, less lewd. "Fame hurts morality, so suddenly.

Don't camp, don't ban; Knowing the harm of thick taste is to abandon and care, not to be greedy and then suppress. "

Ji Kang further elaborated and demonstrated himself in another famous article, The Theory of Keeping Healthy by Answering Difficulties.

Viewpoint:

People in ancient times knew that the color of wine was sweet and abandoned it as a legacy; Fame is sweet bait, and anonymity is death.

Gu. Make full use of resources, do not abuse things, know your integrity, stay outside the camp, respond to what is fierce and defend what.

It is lucky, so it uses wisdom and life.

Ji Kang advocates the philosophy of contentment: "Therefore, it is not enough to rely solely on prosperity to help the world."

For fun. It has no owner, so we can borrow foreign things for fun and mourn for it in Yan Feng. There is a master

In the middle, the joy is outside, although there is no bell and drum, the joy is already there. "

Ji Kang's good drinking, good food, good mountains, good water and good spirit are based on the above ideas.

Xianyou's Poems about Immortals embodies his life wish: "Looking at the mountains in the distance.

Pine trees and long valleys are lush. No matter how tall you meet, you are unique. If you want to swim under it, you'll never find your way.

Yes. Wang Qiao abandoned me and rode six dragons in the clouds. Play in the mysterious garden, meet the old road, and give me nature.

Tao, if you were a child. Collect herbs in Zhongshan corner, use it to change your appearance, remove dirt and fatigue, and make friends with your family.

Tong, playing nine rhymes on the surface, elegant songs are different from laity. Who can see them?

Track. [1] (P39-40) This immortal consciousness of advocating spiritual freedom was obtained in a poem by Erguotou.

It is further emphasized: "The new moon is noble and respectful, and fishermen like to make waves. Although it is difficult to escape, it is not trouble. "

What a nice place! If you are outside Hunan, you can eat the morning glow, abandon the relic, wander around Taihe, make friends and gather your soul.

Yue, play the piano and sing a clear song. [1] (P63-64) Here, Ji Kang regards immortal life as his life.

The best choice is to escape the disaster with tolerance, instead of adding fuel to the fire and escaping in seclusion like a fisherman.

This world is not easy to do Only eternal life is the most beautiful and ideal pursuit: roaming.

Wandering in the clear world, making friends with Yue Ling, drinking dew at dinner and playing the piano clearly.

Song, how happy he was to get rid of all the troubles in the world.

This kind of spirit and character is not limited to his poetry and prose, expressing his thoughts.

In fact, it is more manifested in the actual behavior of his daily life. Ji Kang likes to collect herbs and travel around mountains and rivers.

Free and unrestrained, open-minded and generous, everyone thought they were "proud" when they saw the woodcutter and fisherman.

Unexpectedly, "I suddenly forgot to go back." He also has a unique advantage, like forging iron to burn his grandson.

Inflammation, hammering under the tree, no one watching, carefree. Ji Kang makes friends with celebrities in different ways.

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Romance, intimacy with Ruan Ji and integration with Dan Tao. They are Xiang Yu, Ruan Xian and Wang.

Let's talk about bamboo forests with like-minded people. At that time, people called it "Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest".

(2) Follow Confucianism and despise hypocrisy.

Ji Kang family is a Confucian, who has a deep love for the knowledge passed down by the family and is kind and loyal to Confucianism.

Faith is particularly good. Ji Kang in "Sound without Sorrow" has "the king of ancient times, the director of heaven?"

A description of the picture of Confucian governance of the world, the monarch is quiet in the world, the ministers are obedient in the world, the macro is subtle, and the nature is friendly.

Draw it. [1] (p 221) In the Book of Commandments, he said that "abdicating in front of the court and living in front of justice" was purely out of.

Confucian ethics taught his poem Guan Zi Lun to be unusually managed by ministers of Yin and Shang Dynasties.

Cai Shu reversed his conviction and thought that Guan and Cai rebelled against the Zhou Dynasty and were "loyal and obedient to nature", which deserves admiration.

To. Because they "did not reach the sacred power, they could not understand each other when they died." They are loyal to their hearts and think of the king. "

Room, hence is loudly speak lead people, want to in addition to the national disaster ",but in the future, with the success or failure of the hero, will manage it.

Cai is a traitor, which is unfair. As Mr. Wu Zhongyu said: "Ji Kang

For Guan Shu Xian and Cai Shu, Zhou Wuwu's younger brothers, we are actually doing it for Wuling and Qiu Jian, his mother.

Zhuge Dan and others were wronged by people killed by Sima Shi. [2] (P755) It can be seen that, in fact,

What is opposed is the "hypocritical cult" played by Sima's regime to stabilize the regime. Before they

In his ideal personality, although the publicity is the banner of Taoist nature and indifference, he

What is hidden in our hearts is respect and compliance with Confucian ethics. Mr Lu Xun

The police pointed out: "During the Wei and Jin Dynasties, the worship of ethics seemed very good, but it was actually destroyed."

Ethics, do not believe in ethics; On the surface, those who destroy the ethical code actually admit it, but believe it too much.

Teaching. Because the so-called worship of ethics in Wei and Jin Dynasties is for self-interest, only accidental worship.

Feng? Therefore, honest people think it is so useful and blasphemous. This is extremely unfair, and there is nothing they can do.

Stone, shocked and become don't talk about ethics, don't believe in ethics, and even against ethics ". [ 3 ] ( P502)

(3) the more famous teaching and laissez-faire nature.

Out of deep hatred for the false ethics advocated by Sima, Ji Kang publicly declared that

To "teach more and let nature take its course." Ji Kang has been politically excluded by Sima Group.

And he has seen through their false "name of benevolence, loyalty and filial piety" and the fact that they cheat and kill people.

Shame. Therefore, Ji Kang felt bitter about the righteousness of "falsifying the truth" and "fighting for life"

"Lianrang" is something that binds the opposition between "natural humanity" and "natural humanity". He

Clearly put forward: "people who are calm and empty have no compassion;" The body belongs to Brightheart, and the feelings have nothing to do with the place.

Desire. Compassion does not exist in the heart, so it can be taught more naturally; Love is not tied to what you want, you can judge it.

Give and understand things. "(Interpretation of Private Affairs) The filth of the real society will inevitably lead to knowledge.

People's yearning for the original human society. He devoted himself to eulogizing "simplicity"

The natural society of mankind: "In the past, in the world of Hongyan, the simplicity was not lost, the monarch had nothing to write, and the people had nothing to fight for."

Everything is straightened out, and rewards and punishments are not complacent. Sleep when you are full, and eat when you are hungry. I didn't know that was the ultimate virtue.

The world is also. If this is the case, then know the end of righteousness, the text of etiquette? "("Difficult to learn nature ") Ji

Kang believes that the reason why Zoroastrianism opposes "nature" is not conducive to restoring human nature is because

Because it has become the root of evil phenomena such as hypocrisy, arrogance, fraudulent struggle, etc.: "Boulevard Mausoleum"

In the later period, it is the beginning of writing pen and ink to convey its meaning, distinguish groups of things, and make people have race, build righteousness and educate righteousness.

Heart, system for birthright, stop at the outside. In terms of persuasion, God is in it; So there are many mistakes in the Six Classics.

Chi, the road to glory and profit, so I didn't feel it when I rushed. "("nature is difficult to learn ") he is still in" a surname "

Proverbs further expose the hypocrisy of Mingjiao: "Late season, commitment, respect for slaughter."

Cut the world to serve its own interests. Therefore, the throne is favorable, the minister is moved, and he tries his best to seek the country.

Although rewards and punishments exist, don't persuade them not to ban them. ""Punishment is based on violence, and now it is a threat to virtuous people. In the past, it was the world, and now it is the whole.

When he was ill, you guessed his minister. The world was in chaos and the country was declining. "The real society is completely in a mess.

. Here, Ji Kang's exposure and criticism have gone far beyond the power politics of Sima Group.

The relentless attack of dominating the world has actually touched the essence of feudal autocratic society. "The more.

"Ming Jiao and letting nature take its course" is the mainstream of metaphysics in Wei and Jin Dynasties, and it is also a brilliant thought and a great achievement.

The most splendid content with the characteristics of the times in Kang Thought represents the most unique and charming side of celebrities in Wei and Jin Dynasties.

The ideological field of power.

Cynical, just cynical.

Ji Kang's "Zhang Long Feng Zikai, Nature in Nature", [4] (Volume 49) aims at lofty goals and fraud.

The hypocritical society hates this, and it is even more incompatible with the evil forces that run rampant in the world. at that time

Dan Tao, a friend of Cao Lang, was chosen. For the sake of his friendship, Ji Kang was recommended to pick him up after he was promoted to Sanshui.

For his original position, this is well-intentioned, but those who have different aspirations are incompatible, and Ji Kang thinks it is for others.

A great insult, I wrote a sharp and fierce sentence in anger, "Break up with Shanyuan"

Book ",to vent their long-suppressed resentment in the chest to the world, showing their determination.

Determination not to cooperate with Sima.

In his letter, he confessed that he was convinced of Laozi and Zhuangzi, that he was simple and arrogant, and that his life violated etiquette.

"Therefore, the heart of promotion fades, and loyalty turns to loyalty", [1] (P 1 18) has no intention of career.

Then he declared in fierce words that he had "seven forbearance", which meant that he didn't want to obey the etiquette.

Despise hypocritical fame and religion, as well as the integrity and frankness of "just being sick in the intestines, speaking softly and making mistakes"

Make love. He has no hidden objection to Sima Group's shameful act of usurping Cao Zhi in the name of ethics.

Behavior. Shang Tang and Wuzhou both took the world by force, and Duke Zhou took the world as an assistant minister.

Zheng and Confucius praised Yao and Shun who practiced the system of abdication. This is the first generation of sacred objects, but it was borrowed by Sima Shi.

As an example and basis for regime replacement and usurpation. Therefore, Ji Kang shouted with passion.

Launched the battle slogan of "not soup and martial arts, but thin weeks and holes". Sadly, it is this strength and integrity.

His temperament and outspoken behavior led to the tragedy of his life. No wonder some people say that.

He said, "Your talent is very high, but you don't have enough ways to protect yourself." [5] (P649-650) Trees are beautiful in the forest, but the wind will destroy them.

Therefore, talented people are inevitably not envied and hated by powerful people and their peers. Sages and descendants are the same.

I regret Ji Kang's heroic sacrifice: "The dragon was hard to tame and was finally killed, alas." [ 1 ] ( P 13 1)

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Ruan Ji is as famous as Ji Kang. They are all representatives of Wei Jin and Wei Jin metaphysics.

In the aspect of flow, Ji Kang advocated that "the more famous the religion, the more natural it is", which is contrary to the ethical code in behavior.

However, it is different from Ji in specific life style, attitude towards life, psychological state and life ending.

Compared with Kang, it is very different.

(A) less ambitious, ill-timed.

Ruan Ji, a descendant of Wei, was a scholar of Cai Yong in the Eastern Han Dynasty.

Life is one of the famous "seven sons of Jian 'an". Due to the influence of Confucianism since childhood, Ruan Ji is less "possessed"

Biography of Historical Records, [4] (Volume 49), "You must be brown with pearls and jade, and Yan Min with phase", "Cherish the 14th and 15th years, aim high".

Good poem ","how do strong men feel? He wants to be powerful in all directions ","regardless of life in the face of difficulties, the body dies and the soul flies "

Wait a minute. Both of them are famous works expressing early aspirations in Poems about Huai. He keeps his family healthy.

Governing the country and leveling the world is the code of conduct, and thus enters the official career. Cao Wei, by Qiu Jiang.

He became the hero of business development. But life is impermanent and things are unpredictable. "Wei and Jin dynasties, the world.

So there are few celebrities, because they are not in the world, so drinking is common. "[4] (Volume 49) Cao Shuang

Finished, Sima's ultra vires seized power, the political situation took a turn for the worse, and political fame disappeared, becoming a mirage of Ruan Ji.

Thought has also changed.

(two) contempt for etiquette, absurd.

Living in troubled times full of hypocrisy and fraud under the control of Sima family in Wei and Jin Dynasties.

Ruan Ji has already seen through Sima's sinister intentions, and he has the same politics as Ji Kang.

Attitude: Oppose fake religions and advocate "letting nature take its course". In personal life,

On the surface, he went further than Ji Kang, was more bohemian, or had long hair, or spoke frankly.

Crazy, drunk lying next to a woman, or whistling in the mountains and drinking with pigs? He is such an abnormal person.

Behavior is contempt and resistance to Sima's politics and hypocrisy.

Ruan Ji believes that everything in the world is born in nature and there is no god. he is

"On Dazhuang" said: "Heaven and earth are born in nature, and everything is born in heaven and earth. Nature is just nature.

Place names; Heaven and earth are included, so everything is born. ""Tao, law and nature, I can keep.

In short, everything will transform itself. He satirized those hypocritical "gentlemen" bitterly: "What has the world done?"

Call a gentleman, only the law is the line, only the ceremony is the gram. Holding a GUI pen, stepping on the rope and ink. Now do what you want.

Test, the desire for words is infinite? In your pants where you can't see lice alone, you run away deeply and hide bad sheep.

I feel lucky. Do you dare to leave the gap and move out of your crotch? "[4] (Volume 49) What is it?

Ruthlessly attacking hypocritical etiquette is "the art of helping the disabled thieves and not being afraid in times of crisis."

(C) tortuous words, passive avoidance of the world

Compared with Ji Kang, the relationship between Ruan Ji and Cao Wei is far less close and special.

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Extraordinary. Ji Kang, as the son-in-law of Cao Wei's imperial clan, is an official and a doctor. Not only belongs to Cao

The core figure of Wei regime is also the bond of the family. Ruan Ji has little to do with Cao Wei Group. he didn't

Cooperation with Sima Shi is purely out of "sympathy for the opposition between Cao Wei and Sima Shi".

Sense ",[6] (P58) Therefore, the means he took were not as drastic and straightforward as Ji Kang.

The life pursuit of our ancestors, the ideal that our family believes in and the Confucian family.

The ambition to save the world achieved in this cultural background was shattered by the cruel reality of Sima's dictatorship.

The occurrence of bloody tragedy made Ruan Ji's inner pain even deeper.

Intense, so that his liberal life has always been immersed in the pain of life is worse than death.

Ruan Ji had 82 poems about his memory in his life, which not only represented his literary achievements, but also was the greatest achievement in his life.

Recorded his painful and complicated mental journey. But his poems are obscure and tortuous.

To solve the problem, Zhong Rong's Poem (I) said: "It is difficult to have fun". Understanding of Yan Yanzhi in Liu and Song Dynasties

Because: "Ruan Ji was always worried about disasters in the Jin Dynasty, so he pretended to sing this song." Shan Li, a native of the Tang Dynasty, can be found in the second volume of Selected Works.

The tenth "Notes on Poems" also said: "The heir's life experience is chaotic, and he is often afraid of being slandered and encountering disasters, so he pretends this.

Forever, so there is a difference between worrying about life every time. Contemporary scholars believe that it comes from Ruan Ji's Poems Eighty-two.

Up to now, Ruan Ji's basic life experience is completely tragic. "①

Ruan Ji's 82 poems about nostalgia, whose bitter and melancholy spiritual feelings are obscure and tortuous.

Now, the first poem in Huai Shi says, "I can't sleep at night, but sit and play the piano." Thin screen recognition

In the moonlight, the breeze blows on my chest. Lonely in the wilderness, birds singing in the north forest. What will you see when you wander around? You will be sad and lonely.

Heart. His bitterness, sadness, loneliness and anxiety can be seen everywhere in Huai Shi:

"Sitting alone in an empty classroom, who can match?" "Life is like walking on thin ice, but I am anxious." He was wronged again.

The friend who died under Sima's tyranny said sadly, "One is mourning for the yellowbird, who is crying?"

Can be banned. "

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Ji Kang openly challenged Sima Shi and flatly refused to cooperate with him. In the end, Sima Shi could not accept it.

At the cost of his life. Ruan Ji completed his struggle in a horrible and bad political environment.

A life of humiliation, anger and pain, their life endings are different. Except for ideals.

In addition to the factors of belief and political stance, there are also reasons such as family background, personality and attitude towards life.

Ji Kang was withdrawn from childhood and brought up by his mother and brother. His widowed mother dotes on him, but so does his brother.

Protection, smart attitude, profound knowledge, majestic posture, and many other factors have formed his broad mind.

Not a group, arrogant personality, which determines that he will not be a servant, deep down.

The real meaning of freedom is that you cannot exercise self-restraint, let alone be controlled by others. Such a strong gender

In the sinister political situation, love is bound to be taboo and unacceptable, and it is absolutely difficult to protect itself.

Save. At the same time, Ji Kang was directly related to the Cao Shi regime that Sima Group wanted to subvert.

Department. He is the granddaughter of Cao Lin, the son of Cao Cao, and Cao Lin belongs to Princess Jinxiang, the wife of peace.

Brother. Ji Kang has no intention of official career, but his special social relationship is naturally division.

Dangerous people and punished objects in Ma's mind. Ji Kang was finally accepted by Sima Yi Party.

It is not surprising that the slanderer was framed and died.

Ruan Ji, who is as famous as Ji Kang, was able to die because he was not strangled.

In troubled times, one is Ruan Jia who replaced Confucianism, and Hanoi, which is famous all over the world and has been obedient to Confucianism for generations.

Sima Jia is also very similar. Sima will not make a decision on Ruan Ji from the perspective of public opinion and influence.

A move that is too out of line; Second, Ruan Ji did not openly refuse to pose a threat to Sima's regime.

Potential; Third, Ruan Ji has always adopted a cautious attitude, and Sima Shi can't start if he wants to add capital punishment.

Of course, although he can drag out an ignoble existence with his absurd and cautious attitude towards life, he can

The heart has nowhere to put, and it is always tortured by knives and frying.

At this point, we might as well take Yan Yanzhi's poem Fu of Five Gentlemen as an example.

The exquisite and first-class evaluation of Ji Kang and Ruan Ji is the summary of this article:

"Don't be careless, this chardonnay. Silence is measured before the solution is formed, and the concentration is known by the theory of spitting. The desire to stand up

Talk about flowing, looking for mountains, and contacting hidden theory. Who can teach the nature of dragons? "("Five Jun Yong Ji Zhong ")

Scattered ")

Although Ruan Gong lost, he knew the secret and looked in the mirror. Intoxication is like burying a photo, which contains irony of part of speech. Chang xiaoruo

If you are pregnant, the more polite you are, the more surprised you are. It is impossible to talk about things, nor is it possible to be poor. "("Wu Jun Yong Ruan Bu ")

Soldiers ")