2. Alienation: breaking down what constitutes itself into external components. In living things, it is mainly achieved through breathing. It can be divided into aerobic type and anaerobic type.

3. Autotrophic organisms: Organic substances that can synthesize themselves from external carbon dioxide and water can be divided into two categories: photoautotrophic (mainly green plants) and chemoautotrophic (mainly nitrifying bacteria).

4. heterotrophs: You can't make your own organic matter. You must use organic matter or other organisms (mainly parasitic animals and bacteria) available in nature as food.

Pure hands, I hope I can help you!