This achievement includes three parts: the history of ancient sports in China, the history of modern sports in China and the history of contemporary sports in China.
The history of ancient sports in China, from prehistoric times to 1840, covers the prehistoric society in China, Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties, Spring and Autumn and Warring States Period, Qin and Han Dynasties, Jin and Southern Dynasties, Sui and Tang Dynasties, Song and Yuan Dynasties and early Ming Dynasties, which is an important historical period for the emergence, development and evolution of ancient sports in China.
Historical development shows that our ancestors lived on the earth about 3 million years ago. From the Paleolithic age, which focused on gathering and hunting economy, to the Neolithic age, which focused on agriculture and animal husbandry economy, primitive sports also began to appear and develop with society. With the establishment of Xia Chao, the first slave king in the history of China in 2070 BC, the history of China entered a civilized era. As an important part of China culture, ancient sports are also developing and enriching day by day, and the embryonic form of ancient sports in China began to take shape.
From 22 1 year BC to 280 AD, China experienced several periods of Qin, Western Han, Eastern Han and Three Kingdoms, which lasted more than 500 years. In the historical evolution of more than 500 years, sports, as an important part of social culture, adapted to the requirements of the new era, developed the useful and discarded the useless on the basis of inheriting pre-Qin sports and introducing foreign sports, forming the basic pattern of sports development in later generations.
After nearly 400 years of long-term feudal separatist wars in Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, history entered the Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties in the heyday of feudal society. The rich content of sports activities, the extensive participation of people from all walks of life and the unprecedented development of sports undertakings have laid a solid foundation for the further enrichment of traditional sports in China. The contents and forms of ancient sports in China have been further enriched and developed.
During the Song, Jin and Yuan Dynasties, sports development was multifaceted. In the sharp ethnic contradictions and class struggles, military Wushu has been further developed and innovated, and the growth of the citizen class has created conditions for the development of fitness, entertainment and sports activities in cities and towns. Especially in Liao, Xixia, Jin and Yuan Dynasties, because it was established by the aristocratic rulers of ethnic minorities, all ethnic groups had different cultural traditions and mental outlook, and the development of sports activities of all ethnic groups also had their own characteristics.
From the Ming Dynasty to the early Qing Dynasty, it inherited and developed the sports achievements of predecessors, and through the contact and exchange of national sports, various sports activities competed for development. Especially after the mid-Ming Dynasty, sports activities showed a vigorous development trend. The evolution of military weapons promoted the development of military martial arts and gradually formed a martial arts system. Guide the gradual improvement and systematization of healthy sports. Traditional folk sports activities are more popular with the people. The sports activities carried out by ethnic minorities have their own characteristics, and a hundred flowers blossom. In the sports exchanges between China and foreign countries, the seeds of modern western sports began to attract the attention of Chinese people.
From the historical process of the emergence, development and evolution of ancient sports in China, it developed gradually through the circulation and integration in different periods. In addition to the traditional sports activities of the Chinese nation, it also includes sports activities introduced by many other nationalities and rooted in the land of China in the long history. Its primitive, simple and harmonious ideal and the spirit of neutralization and accommodation formed in the long-term development process determine that its competitiveness is completely different from that of the West, and it pays more attention to etiquette and practicality. At the same time, the integration of sports and recreational activities makes the entertainment, playfulness and interest of ancient sports in China extremely obvious. The long-standing quiet and indifferent nature of the Chinese nation, the ideal of harmony between man and nature, and the pragmatic spirit of paying attention to personal cultivation have also led to the emergence of health preservation, making it an important form of ancient sports activities in China and a typical representative of oriental sports culture.
The history of modern sports in China, 1840- 1949, includes the sports in the late Qing Dynasty, the sports in the early years of the Republic of China and the Beijing government period, the sports in the Nanjing government period before and after the Anti-Japanese War, and the sports in the revolutionary base areas with new democratic colors under the leadership of the China * * * Production Party, which is the historical stage in which sports in China have undergone the greatest changes for thousands of years.
After the late Qing Dynasty, it was also the early introduction and spread period of modern western sports in China. As a result, modern sports in China were further promoted to the whole society, and finally the earliest modern sports system in China was established. After the Revolution of 1911 and the New Culture Movement, modern sports in China entered a new stage of development, and sports began to permeate the society from schools, and modern sports culture gained more and more social recognition. No matter the sports administrative management system, sports competition system or the construction of sports laws and regulations, unprecedented development has been made. Great attempts have also been made in the inheritance, transformation and development of national traditional sports, such as the establishment of the Central Wushu Museum and the establishment of the Wushu Museum System.
It is worth mentioning that in the anti-Japanese base areas led by the Communist Party of China (CPC), the development of sports presents a new look, that is, sports with a new democratic nature. Because sports should serve the revolutionary war and the revolutionary central task of the party at that time, sports has a strong military color. However, its system construction, principles and policies, and personnel training measures have accumulated rich experience, laying an important foundation for the development of socialist sports after the founding of New China.
Although the whole modern sports in China has a history of 100 years, and although the society and people have experienced many vicissitudes during this period, it is a stage in which the connotation and appearance of sports in China have undergone tremendous changes. During this period, western sports began to be introduced into China, and gradually gained popularity and development. At the same time, China's traditional sports are also struggling in an unstable environment. It is in the mutual exclusion and mutual absorption of these two different sports systems that China sports has completed the process of modernization.
The History of Contemporary Sports in China 1949 to 2005 mainly describes the development course and general situation of sports in China in the 54 years after the founding of New China, and it is also a history of exploring sports in Socialism with Chinese characteristics.
1949 after the founding of new China, it became the main task of the sports community at that time to criticize and transform the old sports and establish new sports. 1952, Mao Zedong wrote an inscription "developing sports and strengthening people's physique", which defined the nature, purpose and task of sports in new China. However, the outbreak of the "Cultural Revolution" made the sports cause suffer a catastrophe, and the whole sports cause slipped to a low point. 1976 After the downfall of the Gang of Four, the CPC Central Committee led the people of the whole country to set things right and clean up the roots. The sports world has lifted the spiritual shackles ideologically, restored and improved the sports organization and management institutions, restored the correct rules and regulations, and put forward the goal of climbing the sports peak, which laid the foundation for the great development of sports in contemporary China.
The 1980s was a pioneering era, with China's sports going global in an all-round way, and China's sports also made a preliminary exploration and practice on the sports development road suitable for China's national conditions. After 1992, with the publication of a series of important talks by Deng Xiaoping, a new idea of economic system reform and economic development in China began to take shape, which also pointed out the direction and road for the deepening reform and further development of sports in China, and the development of sports in China entered a new historical stage. With the great progress made in China's socialist economic construction, the international political status has been further improved, the comprehensive national strength has been increasingly enhanced, and the international influence has been increasingly expanded. Beijing successfully won the right to host the 2008 Olympic Games on 200 1. After Beijing's successful bid to host the 2008 Olympic Games, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council issued Opinions on Further Strengthening and Improving Sports Work in the New Period, which determined the route, principles and policies for the development of sports in China in the new period.
At the beginning of the new century, with the joint efforts of leaders' attention and mass support, China's sports industry has made all-round progress and development in accordance with the established policies and objectives. Among them, remarkable progress has been made in sports scientific research, sports industrialization, school sports reform and the development of social sports and competitive sports, which has laid a solid foundation for the further development of sports in the new century.
Second, the academic value and social value
On the basis of summarizing the research achievements of sports history, history and archaeology in China and even in the world for decades, this achievement has absorbed advanced theories at home and abroad, fully embodying the highest level of contemporary international sports research. Results Through the analysis of existing literature, archaeological data and related research results, the characteristics of historical, scientific, comprehensive, objective and innovative research were highlighted. As the first general history project in China that comprehensively reflects the history of sports development in China, it shows the world the splendid sports history and culture of China in human history, which is conducive to critically sorting out and inheriting the long-standing sports cultural heritage and better promoting the further development of sports in China, so it has high academic value.
This achievement is based on the service for sports research and sports culture practice in China. The main content is based on historical facts, which completely shows the development of sports in China for thousands of years. It involves sports events, sports figures, sports competitions and sports organizations horizontally, and covers the origin, development, evolution and dissemination of sports vertically. It is rich in information, which makes sports research comprehensive, characteristic and representative. In view of the manifestations of sports itself and the different characteristics compared with general history works in other fields, its achievements are unique in science, knowledge and interest, which will better promote the further development of sports in China.