In the Ming Dynasty, spices were everywhere in daily life, especially in the middle and late Ming Dynasty. Luxury lifestyle has expanded the demand for spices, which in turn has stimulated the growth of social luxury. This article will talk to you about the practices of beautifying the body with spices in the Ming Dynasty, such as smoking clothes, burning incense, bathing, beauty salons and so on.
First, smoke clothes.
Burning incense and smoking clothes were widely popular among the upper-class aristocrats in the previous generation and among ordinary citizens in the Ming Dynasty. Lavender is not only a status symbol, but also an unwritten etiquette rule. Before Qin Chong, an oil vendor, went to Wang Jiuma's house, he "went home to wash clothes, bought some benzoin and smoked again".
In the seventh volume, Yan Jun, the son of a wealthy family, asked Qian Qing to take his place and wear his usual fragrant clothes. "When ... I often use Long Xianxiang to celebrate real cakes. When I send it to Qian Qing, I will change it. Socks and silk shoes are clean below. "
There are ordinary smoking cages for smoking clothes, as well as portable "hand stoves" and "sleeve stoves". "Eight Notes on Respect for Life" introduces a sleeve furnace called "burning incense and carrying furnace" ... Today there is a newly cast copper square furnace with a cover, which is very good and called sleeve furnace.
The "warm chair" introduced by Li Yu is more distinctive: "It can be installed and can replace the stove. The incense of the stove is scattered, and this incense is gathered. Therefore, it is not only a substitute for the furnace, but also inferior to the furnace. Some people have bodies and clothes, and burn this incense. Those that rise from the bottom can let chlorine in the atmosphere penetrate into the bones and are also substitutes for fumigation cages. There are only a few clothes in the fumigation cage; This thing also wears clothes, so it is perfect. Trace is to talk about, not only generations, but also algebra. " This kind of "smoking cage" can suck up all the clothes, which is equivalent to several ordinary smoking cages.
As for the spices and fragrant prescriptions of smoked clothes, they are also varied. Benzoin, patchouli, etc. Single products can be used for lavender, but there are many kinds of lavender, and Xiangcheng also has many lavender. If there is "Smoked Plum Blossom Fragrance": "Gan Song one or two, woody one or two, clove half two, fennel San Qian, borneol five points on the board, right mixed with mashed coarse powder, smoked as usual." This is a relatively simple formula for perfuming, and there are also fine and complicated formulas such as "one thousand yuan a month".
Not only smoking clothes can achieve the effect of fragrant clothes, but also using spices when collecting clothes and adding fragrance when cleaning clothes can also be used for fragrant clothes. For example, fragrant rosin can be used to hide clothes, "fragrant rosin, out of ancient storage, Liangzhou Mountain, fine leaves attract vines to live." Can be combined with incense and wrapped in clothes. "Some perfumery formulas, such as" laundry fragrance ",are just like today's laundry detergent. Wanbao Quanshu also publishes laundry fragrance formulas, such as "making clothes fragrance formula", "washing fragrance formula" and "clothes fragrance formula".
Second, Pei Xiang
In the Ming Dynasty, incense was very popular among men and women. Civilians call bluegrass "vanilla", which smells good. Mingxian introduced that wearing tea fragrance can ward off evil spirits. "Mu Jue is not only fragrant, but also evil"; Rosemary is "admirable and fragrant".
There are also some special incense sticks to wear. "One or two cloves are coarse powder, sixty Sichuan peppers are mixed with two flavors on the right, and silk bags are used to stop sweating"; "One or two cloves are studied separately, one or two turmeric, six or two cloves, four or two agastaches, four or two angelica dahurica, three or two storax oils, three or two Gan Song, three or two Polygonum multiflorum Thunb, a little musk, and the last bag on the right is filled with wisdom" and other incense prescriptions are listed in Xiangcheng and other works.
For the pretty girl in Jin Ping Mei, all kinds of fragrance accessories are inseparable for a moment. "Wear a four-ear sachet with silver gauze, which contains pine and cypress flowers and rose stamens, and take off the words' evergreen in winter and summer, fragrant and beautiful love'." Back to the thirty-first, it is said that extremely "tied a silver-red gauze bag and a green gauze bag on the white-wave yarn bleached cloth undershirt". In the middle and late Ming Dynasty, a large number of citizens, their families and servants wore incense sticks.
At the end of the Ming dynasty, there was another kind of incense called "incense string", which was originally used in the palace, similar to a sachet. By the end of the Ming dynasty, it gradually flowed into the people. In the late Ming Dynasty, both scholars and women carried fans with them. This fan has a pendant. In the late Ming Dynasty, Fan pendants were widely used all over the world. In Beijing, fan pendants are made of incense and are used to eliminate odor in summer.
Third, take a bath.
Bathing incense was very popular in the Ming Dynasty. One of the most important washing products is fragrant soup, which is a long-standing custom in China. Blending fragrant soup, or mixing various spices with lavender to make soup pills; Or take a bath by boiling water with bluegrass.
There are spiced soups and different fragrant prescriptions. Taoist spiced soup is generally composed of five spices: Radix Angelicae Dahuricae, Peach Peel, Platycladus orientalis leaves, Lingling and Radix Aristolochiae. With sweet rosin, you can take a bath, "making a soup bath makes people feel fragrant"; Bathing with Maoxiang not only smells good, but also can ward off evil spirits: "Maoxiang, flowers, seedlings and leaves can be boiled into bath soup to ward off evil spirits, which makes people smell fragrant and give birth to Jiannan Daozhou."
Pan Jinlian "shakes some sandalwood alum in it" when taking a bath in Jin Ping Mei. This has been very common among the citizens of the Ming Dynasty. After taking a bath, you can cover your body with powder, which also has a health care effect. "Eight Notes on Respect for Life" quoted "On Health" as saying that after bathing, people should be covered with powder. "Xia Yue should take a bath with finger soup. After taking a bath, people should apply perfume powder to their bodies, which can dispel poison and disperse qi, nourish blood, and avoid sweating and getting wet in the shade to make the skin dry and itchy." Xiangcheng also has a lot of discussions.
In the Ming dynasty, soap was often used in bathing. There are various methods of making soap in Compendium of Materia Medica and other documents. In Jin Ping Mei, Ximen Qing used jasmine soap, which was made of mashed jasmine or jasmine dew. For example, on the 27th time, Ximen Qing said, "I'm waiting for the maid to take that jasmine soap to wash her face." As a result, Pan Jinlian grabbed a plain meal: "No wonder your face is whiter than others' ass. "
The Du Nan and Fan Hui scrolls drawn in the Ming Dynasty had signs of "painting grease, Hangzhou powder and Xianggong soap", which indicated that there were already shops specializing in selling soap in Nanjing at that time. Li Yu's Essay, Volume 3, Audio Volume Department, mentioned that the soap produced in Liuhe, Jiangsu Province in the late Ming Dynasty was world-famous, but the price was too expensive for ordinary people to afford.
By the end of the Ming Dynasty, various folk Japanese newspapers and periodicals had published various cleaning methods. Such as oral soap prescription for bathing, Dezhou soap prescription, Hexiang prescription, Shenxiang bean alum pill, Tougu Shen Xiang spiced tablet, etc.
Fourth, beauty makeup
Spices are often used in women's make-up, such as Linglingxiang, and can be used to prepare face cream. In Compendium of Materia Medica, Pogostemon, Musk, Linglingxiang, Borneolum Syntheticum, Radix Angelicae Dahuricae and Asari are introduced in detail, which has special effects on beauty. As for some beauty fragrances, it is even more varied.
For example, the "harmonious powder fragrance" used to wipe the face: "twelve ounces of official powder, one or two ounces of honey-scented monk, one or two ounces of white sandalwood, five ounces of coptis root, a little brain powder, five ounces of clam powder, two ounces of light powder, two ounces of cinnabar, five pieces of gold foil, one dollar of eagle stripes, and the right piece is fine powder, even noodles"; There is a "face-scented medicine" that can be used as a face-washing soup to get rid of freckles and wine thorns. Its formula is "Radix Angelicae Dahuricae, Radix Paeoniae Rubra, Fructus Zanthoxyli, Lignum Santali Albi, Flos Caryophylli, Rhizoma Kaempferiae, Eagle Manure, Cortex Dictamni Radicis, Radix Sophorae Flavescentis, Radix Saposhnikoviae and Akebiae".
In the middle and late Ming dynasty, not only women but also men had the habit of making up. During the Wanli period, when Xuedao visited Huzhou Prefecture, Zhejiang Province, he found that some students were "all red tow wool and oral fat."
Ming people use perfume. Hong Wushi presented the perfume "Ajiji" overseas. This kind of imported perfume is rare and expensive, and is generally only used in palaces, bureaucrats, nobles and rich families. In the middle and late Ming Dynasty, with the spread of distillation technology, people also had their own perfume.
In the practice of Ming dynasty, more and more plants can be used to refine perfume, such as rose, osmanthus, mint, lotus leaf and so on. This perfume distilled from flowers and leaves is called flower dew and perfume dew. The perfume commonly used by the people is this perfume dew. In the Ming Dynasty, it was specially made into "Quanguang and Ren Xiang" for the daily use of citizens.
Spices can be used for bird hair ornaments, such as Dou Liangxiang, "Jianghuai people pick tender stems in summer and make them fragrant"; Linglingxiang is best for decorating hair. "Lingling is fragrant and dry, and can be used as an oil-soaked hair accessory." "Xiang" contains beauty fragrance, such as "head oil fragrance", and records the detailed formula and production method.
Women in the Ming Dynasty often wore ornaments on their hair bun. According to Cao's Zhong Shu Guang Ji in Ming Dynasty, there is an orchid called "Sailanxiang", which is particularly fragrant and strong. When it is worn in a bun, it can smell ten levels and last for several months. In addition, spices are also used to dye nails, thrush ink, lip grease and so on. For example, "Xiangcheng" said "you can dye the leaves bright red".
Verb (short for verb) others
Officials contain the smell of chicken tongue to eliminate bad breath, which has been recorded and described in Han Guan Yi. By the Ming Dynasty, the methods of oral incense had been diversified and popularized. In the Ming Dynasty, a kind of "fragrant tea cake" was popular among the citizens. Young tea leaves, musk, sandalwood, borneol and other precious spices, as well as sweet-scented osmanthus, are used to make cupcakes, similar to chewing gum today.
In the fourth episode of "Jin Ping Mei", "Ximen Qing ... took out a silver-wrapped gold cake from his sleeve and gave it to the woman with the tip of his tongue". In addition to bad breath, you can also rinse your mouth with Huoxiang Zhengqi water; Or put dried plums in your mouth. There were even some toothbrushes in the Ming Dynasty, which were scented with incense.
In the Ming Dynasty, women were also full of fragrance. In the Ming Dynasty, Zhilian Pinyanpu said, "Taste it with spices, knead it with borneol, pig's trotters and moxa wine to make it soft and moist, and hold it like a group of jade." There is a kind of fragrant high-top shoes called "Xiang", that is, a small sachet or powder is put in the shoes, which literati call "Xiang" or "painting".
Xiang Cheng also said that there is a "fragrance-producing body": "The body is lined with agarwood: there is no fragrance in the body, which is called fragrance". These "incense sticks" first appeared among women in the Ming Dynasty. The use of spices in the Ming dynasty can be described as doing everything possible.
Spices were widely used in Ming dynasty, and people used spices widely in the field of makeup and beauty, and the use methods were very diverse. A large number of civil literature works in the late Ming Dynasty reflect that users moved from the upper nobility to the lower class and even ordinary civilians.
Writing/Rui Zhen reading historical life