Entering the golden autumn in October is a good time to enjoy chrysanthemums. Chrysanthemum, one of the "four gentlemen in flowers", originated in China, and the earliest written record has been more than 3,000 years. In Erya Cao Shi, it is recorded that "ruling Qiang" and in the Book of Rites, the moon is full of yellow flowers. Chrysanthemum is indispensable in the works of writers of all ages. Chrysanthemum has been one of the needs of people's life and leisure since ancient times because of its elegant posture. In ancient times, all kinds of "chrysanthemum appreciation" activities in autumn were indispensable to both the people and the emperors. Chrysanthemum is not only a good choice for sightseeing, but also edible and drinkable. Qu Yuan wrote in Lisao: "Drink magnolia in the morning and see chrysanthemum in the evening." Jie Yuan, a writer in the Tang Dynasty, said in Ju Pu Ji that chrysanthemum is "a good medicine in medicine and a good dish in food", which shows that chrysanthemum has a long history in ancient food culture.

In ancient times, one of the purposes of planting chrysanthemums was to be used as medicine.

Chrysanthemum is cold and sweet, and one of its main functions is to dispel wind and clear heat. Medical treasures in Qing Dynasty recorded: "Chrysanthemum can disperse bitterness, slightly cold and clear heat, enter the liver meridian, not only disperse wind-heat in the liver meridian, but also clear the liver and improve eyesight, so it can be used to treat eye swelling caused by wind-heat in the liver meridian or attack of liver fire." Sang Juyin was mentioned twice in Treatise on Epidemic Febrile Diseases. The sixth record of wind and temperature in the previous chapter: "It is windy and warm in the Taiyin, but it coughs, and the body is not very hot and slightly thirsty. It is mainly based on the pungent and light agent Sangju Drink." The last chapter of the fifth and fifth chapter of Autumn Dryness Record: "Sang Ju drinks it for those who feel dry and cough." In Shennong's Classic of Materia Medica, chrysanthemum is listed as the top grade, "if used properly and taken for a long time, it will benefit blood, improve intelligence, resist aging and prolong life". Compendium of Materia Medica also points out that chrysanthemum has more health-preserving value, which is called "chrysanthemum". It used to be said that you can go to wind and heat, benefit the liver and tonify yin. Gai doesn't know that it can benefit jinlishui, that is, benefit the lungs and kidneys. "Another important health care value of chrysanthemum in food culture is anti-aging and eyesight improvement, which is just the saying:" Drinking chrysanthemum tea often keeps your eyes from getting old ". "

The health-preserving and therapeutic effects of chrysanthemum are not only directly reflected in medicine, but also in people's daily diet. In the Ming Dynasty, Bu Xiangpu mentioned in "Qunfangpu": "Chamomile, true chrysanthemum, famous chrysanthemum, tea chrysanthemum. Planting is also a seedling and people can provide vegetables for it. " In ancient books, there are many ways to eat chrysanthemum. For example, Lin Hong in the Southern Song Dynasty wrote in "Mountain House for Clear Supply" that "Ziyingju" means "washing seedling leaves in spring, frying them in a little oil and cooking them with ginger and salt can refresh your mind and improve your eyesight"; "Golden Rice" is "Huang Ju with purple stems", which is made of 20 kinds of herbs, namely, decoction with a little strain. When the small rice is slightly cooked, it can improve eyesight and age "; "Miao Ju Fried" means "Take bats from Tang Miao, mix yam powder with licorice water, and fry in oil, which makes them cool and cool.". In the Qing Dynasty, Zhu Yizun also wrote down how to eat chrysanthemum cakes, saying that "chamomile should be pedicled, mashed and juiced, mixed with sugar and printed. Beauty and Japan become paste, but it will last for a long time. "

Chrysanthemum blooms late and falls late, commonly known as the oldest flower, "so it benefits people", which also makes it the protagonist in ancient culture "poetry, wine and tea"

The ancients used chrysanthemums to make wine with a long history. As early as the Warring States period, the Double Ninth Festival had the custom of climbing mountains, having picnics, wearing dogwood and drinking chrysanthemum wine. It is recorded in the Miscellanies of Xijing in the Han Dynasty that chrysanthemum wine is brewed: "Chrysanthemum is cooked, leaves are picked, and miscellaneous millet is brewed, so it will be cooked on September 9 next year, which is called chrysanthemum wine." Meng Haoran's "Passing through the Old Village" is also well-known. Tao Yuanming, who abandoned the secular state of mind through chrysanthemum wine experience, even wrote that "autumn chrysanthemum is lewd, and its beauty is revealed." Chrysanthemum wine is in the heart, the heart is more beautiful, and the feeling of avoiding customs is deeper. Although I'm alone, I'm out of cups and pots ... I'm proud of Dong Xuan and talk about this life. "Ancient literati often used chrysanthemums as tea. Chrysanthemum tea is fragrant and thorough, relaxed and free, which makes people feel relaxed and happy. As the ancient poem says, "In September, there is a temple in the mountains, and chrysanthemum in Dongli is yellow. The laity is full of wine, who can help tea. " Lu You once sighed, "When I am full, I will fry jasmine and chamomile. "

The ancients planted chrysanthemums, enjoyed chrysanthemums, ate chrysanthemums, drank chrysanthemums and praised chrysanthemums. Chrysanthemum culture is not only seen in people's courtyard or kitchen smoke, but also unconsciously becomes a spiritual sustenance, which can praise the character of chrysanthemum and metaphor one's feelings, just like the sentence "Building a house is in a person's environment, there are no chariots and horses ... under the hedge of picking chrysanthemums, you can see Nanshan leisurely". Yuan Zhen's "Chrysanthemum" directly expresses his love for chrysanthemum with the phrase "Chrysanthemum is not preferred among flowers, but there is no bloom".

Chrysanthemum will also be used by the ancients to describe and express feelings such as cherishing each other and getting together. For example, in the Tang Dynasty, Duguji's "September 9 th Li Suzhou East Building Banquet" said: "It is chrysanthemums that open the sky and take advantage of the situation, and the autumn is crisp." Wei's "Nine Days" wrote: "First, for Wu Jun, I don't think chrysanthemums are in bloom. I began to think about my hometown. I like all the guests. " Wang Wei's "Send Cui Xingzong" says: "Fang Tongju Festival, stay in Luoyang." Bai Juyi's "Drinking and Dreams" says: "It's better to wait for the Huang Ju family to get acquainted, and the gentleman will be drunk and become Tao Ran." Yan's "Dead Huang Ju" lamented: "If you are hurt, you will gather and disperse. Before I think of flowers, * * * said that I am deeply willing. "

Lu Chen's "Chrysanthemum Fu" in the Eastern Jin Dynasty praised chrysanthemum as "the wonderful work of crane grass, which involves change without injury. Super cold pine and cypress are more fragrant than zhiying. " Bian's "Ju Fu" in the Southern Dynasties also praised Ju "doing exercises in Chongqing without suffering, showing elegance in the same place. What hurts is the fallen petal, and what hurts is the spirit of Jiazihui. Vigorously vibrate to promote green, including coagulation and vomiting. "

Drinking, eating and keeping healthy chrysanthemum has profound cultural and practical value since ancient times. Mid-Autumn Festival and National Day are approaching, so listen to Qiu Feng, enjoy the moon and drink chrysanthemum wine.

Source Beijing Evening News

Author Xue Rui

Process Editor wuyue