(A) the main points of knowledge teaching

1, understand the ideological connotation of the author and the article.

2. Master the ambiguity of substantive words such as "lei, gu, zhi and yi" and the meaning and usage of function words such as "ye and er".

(2) Key points of ability training

1, learn the writing method of this article.

2. Master the expression of contrast and contrast in the article.

(C) moral education penetration point

In view of the social phenomenon that bureaucrats disturbed people at that time, this paper inspired the upper rulers to clean up bureaucrats, make them conform to the living habits and production laws of ordinary people, and make them farm their lives to maintain social order.

(D) the starting point of aesthetic education

Appreciate the beautiful language of "historical writing" and "literary expression"

Second, the guidance of learning methods

1. Students should read Note ① first to understand the author and the main idea of the article.

2, contrast notes, dredge the text, and can use the discussion method, cooperative learning.

3. Read through the text according to the questions after class, and initially complete the understanding of the text.

Three. Key points, difficulties, doubts and solutions

Key points:

1, master the usage of polysemous words.

2. Learn how to use contrast and contrast in the article.

3. Learn how to make things clear in the text, and pay attention to the characteristics of reasoning by legend, reasoning by analogy and reasoning by contrast.

Difficulties:

1, "historical writing" and "literary expression" are beautiful language expressions.

2. The profound ideological significance of the article "Planting Camels".

Solution:

1, teachers and students discuss in cooperation, paying special attention to students' cooperation, and teachers should do well.

2, familiar with the full text, reading to promote understanding.

Fourth, the class schedule

1 class hour.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) teacher-student interaction design

1, supplement the author's life and writing background, and enhance the understanding of the content of the article.

2. Teachers set discussion questions to inspire students to read and think.

Teaching content and steps of intransitive verbs

(1) Introducing a new curriculum: The Tang Dynasty was the heyday of China's feudal society, but by the middle of the Tang Dynasty, it was already in jeopardy and the feudal society began to decline. We can see from Liu Zongyuan's "On Snake Catchers" that the feudal court imposed exorbitant taxes and levies, and the people were overwhelmed. "The fierce officials came to my hometown and clamored, which was shocking, although the chickens and dogs were restless." Liu Zongyuan, the author, not only revealed the social phenomenon of officials floating over the people at that time, but also pointed out the methods to solve this phenomenon. That is to eliminate bureaucracy, conform to the people's living habits and production laws, and make them develop living habits, thus maintaining social order. Today, we are going to learn Liu Zongyuan's biography of planting trees and camels.

(2) Writing background: This article is an allegorical biography. The name Biography is actually a fable, which was written by Liu Zongyuan when he was in Chang 'an in his early years. Guo Tuo's ability to plant trees is not tested, and later scholars think it is wise. This paper aims at the phenomenon that bureaucrats disturbed the people at that time. During the mid-Tang Dynasty, the annexation and plunder of land by powerful landlords became increasingly serious. "The rich have tens of thousands of acres of land, and the poor have no room to live." Farmers with only a little land have to pay normal millet donations and bear all kinds of miscellaneous taxes apportioned by local military and political chiefs. According to the Records of Food Goods in Old Tang Dynasty, in order to consolidate their position, bureaucrats all over the country competed to pay tribute to the court and stepped up the exploitation of the lower classes. Therefore, "those who are proficient in heaven pay taxes, those who bury vegetables and fruits pay taxes, and the deceased pay taxes", and the people are not happy. This is the social background for Liu Zongyuan to write this article.

(3) Source and author: Liu Zongyuan (773-819), a native of Chang 'an, Kyoto (now Xi City, Shaanxi Province), was born in Xiezhou Town, southwest of Yuncheng, Shanxi Province, and was known as "Liu Hedong" in the world. A writer, philosopher, essayist and thinker in the Tang Dynasty, he was one of the eight masters in the Tang and Song Dynasties. Tang Dezong was a scholar in the ninth year of Zhenyuan (793). He was once the official of Jixian Hall, commander of Lantian and supervisor of Shilixing. During the Shunzong period, the official etiquette was the foreign minister. He joined the Wang clique that advocated political innovation, went to the palace market, kept maids in the palace, limited their salaries and reduced their rent taxes, and opposed the eunuch dictatorship and the separatist regime in the buffer regions. After the failure, he was demoted to Yongzhou Sima. Ten years later, he was transferred to Liuzhou secretariat and died in office. Because of the official end of Liuzhou secretariat, it is also known as "Liu Liuzhou".

Liu Zongyuan is as famous as Han Yu. They are all advocates of the ancient prose movement and one of the "Eight Masters of Tang and Song Dynasties", also known as "Liu Han". His works can mercilessly expose and criticize the tragic situation of the lower class and the unreasonable phenomena in social life, with thorough reasoning, sharp writing and persuasive power. His travel notes on mountains and rivers are detailed and deeply entrusted, often with profound feelings and scenes, and have a high artistic appeal. Some satirical fables written by him are short in length and profound in meaning, and are also widely read by later generations. There is Liuhe East Collection.

(4) Sparse writing: planting trees to pass on Liu Zongyuan.

Original, Guo Wei (tuó) Tuo (tuó), I don't know the name at the beginning (original, original). Sick (as a verb, sick), stooping (hunched), standing high (with the back protruding high), squatting low (bent), and (somewhat) camel-like (camel-like) people, so (therefore) the number of fellow villagers (fellow villagers). The camel heard (heard) this sentence: "Very good (very good), my name (address, verb) is very real (original, true)." Because (therefore) I gave up (lost) my name (real name), so I also called myself "camel" cloud.

1 paragraph introduces the life experience of the characters (open-minded optimism)

Analysis problem: 1. Where did its name come from? Qing: hunchback, nickname.

2. What are the characteristics of the characters? Clarity: open-minded, optimistic and upward.

His (his) hometown is Fengle Township, which is to the west of Chang 'an. Camel industry (take …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

The second paragraph leads to an expert in planting trees.

Analysis problem: 1. What are the characteristics of the characters? Clear: tree planting expert

2. What methods are used to highlight his skills? Qing: 1 Side foil: "Try to welcome guests and take care of them". 2 the front is prominent: "Shuo Mao, the initial solid is exemplary." Judging from the results, its technology is extraordinary. 3 Contrast and contrast: "Unparalleled" contrasts and contrasts his unparalleled skills.

3. Read the third section and discuss the method of describing Guo Tuo's image.

Obviously, this section uses a comparative method to write that camels have rich experience in planting trees. Guo Tuo's experience in planting trees is that planting trees "does not harm its growth" and does not "love it, but actually harm it; Although I am worried, I really hate it. But can "follow the wood of heaven and make it sexual"; "Other growers" are the opposite.

There is a question (someone asked him) in the original text, saying: "Camels can not only prolong the life of trees (live for a long time) and (and) reproduce (grow fast), but also conform to the nature of trees (the natural law of growth) in order to (come) achieve (acquire) their (its) characteristics (the characteristics of trees). Whatever the nature of planting trees (generally the law of planting trees), its (its) roots should be relaxed (stretched), its (its) cultivation (soil cultivation) should be flat, its soil should be old (old soil), and its construction (soil compaction) should be dense (solid). Now (already), however (just like this), don't (don't) move (move again), don't (don't) worry (hesitate again), go (leave), don't (turn back), it (that) is (sh) transplantation. So (so) I don't hurt (hinder) its (its) growth (that's all), I want to be able to (have the ability to) master (make ... big) hair (make ... hair) (it, generation tree) also; Failure to restrain (restrain) the consumption (loss) of its (its) fruit (fruit) is also the inability (inability) of the flea (making … early) strange (making … strange and complicated). Other growers (other growers) are (just) otherwise (like this), using fists (fists bent and unable to stretch) and (again) changing soil (replacing it with new soil). Its farming (farming soil) is also very good. If (if) it is not too much (not too much), it is (not enough) (if it is not ... then: if it is not ... then ...). If (if) you have the ability (ability) which is the opposite (contrary to this practice), then (then) you love it (it) too much (deeply and attentively). Look at it (in the morning), caress it (at night), have gone (gone) and (but) come back (back). What's more, the (serious) claw (pinched with fingernails, which is famous) has its skin (tree epidermis) to test (check) its health (whether it is alive or dead), and shake (shake) it (its root) to observe (come). Although (although) you love it, it is actually (actually) harmful; Although (although) worrying (worrying, worrying), it is actually (actually) hateful (hateful). So (so) what can I do if I don't (not as good as me)? "

The third paragraph is about the experience of planting trees.

Analysis problem: 1. What superb skills does Guo Tuo have in planting trees?

Clear: A is widely contested for adoption rights. B. the survival rate is high, so it flourishes early.

2. What is the purpose of the author's superb tree planting skills?

Clarity: It means that everything should be done according to objective laws.

3. What is the basic principle of tree planting in this paper?

Clear: its basic principle is "the nature of wood makes it natural."

4. What's the meaning of the sentence "Camels can't make wood die ... and the nature of wood has long since left"? Which sentence embodies the central idea of this article?

Clear: it is divided into three levels: a. It points out the basic principle of Camel Guo to plant trees well: "Follow the nature of trees and let nature take its course." This is also the central argument of this paragraph. B) Explain positively camel's attitude and method of planting trees. "If it is a child, it will be abandoned." A natural attitude. Metaphor is to love the people, let them rest and have children. C. point out the attitudes and methods of others to plant trees and damage the nature of trees.

Boxing, Yi, Over Pass and Down Pass: It is a sloppy attitude (that is, down pass).

Method: Look, caress, go and care.

Results: Sexual separation.

Injury: injury and hatred.

5. From what angle did the author realize the correct attitude and method of planting trees? What is the relationship between this auspicious attitude and the main idea of writing "Love is too generous, Worry is too diligent"?

Clear: The second floor and the third floor show the correct attitude and method of planting trees through positive and negative comparison, mainly through the attitude and method of planting trees by camels and other growers to explain the truth of planting trees.

6. What are the two main aspects of this principle?

Clear: Two attitudes-

A. sloppy attitude (less than): root boxing, cultivating the soil or passing or failing.

B. Love is too kind and trouble is too diligent (excessive): stare at it at dusk, ignore it, scratch its skin and shake its roots. Corresponding to the next paragraph, "long people are annoyed with their orders."

7. Why does the author write a little about his planter's careless attitude and explain his too kind and diligent attitude?

Clarity: this attitude is written in detail to show the needs of the theme, and the main purpose is to expose the social ills of "long people are tired of their orders" This theme, like the attitudes and methods of too many trees, is written in detail, guiding and strengthening the prominent theme.

8. What techniques does the author mainly use to show the correctness of planting trees?

Clear: Compared with other growers, camels plant trees.

9. From the full text, why should the author vigorously spread the correct principles and methods of Guo tree planting?

Clarity: The article is a metaphor for ruling the country by planting trees. Therefore, the main purpose of this article is to expound the correct principles and methods of planting trees and the truth of supporting the people and governing the country.

The questioner of the original text said: "Take (use) your Tao (truth) and move (transfer) your (pronoun, meaning the truth of planting trees) official principles (governing the people for the officials). The Tang people avoided the Emperor Gaozong and changed "governance" to "reason". Li: Is it possible to cure it? " Tuo said: "I know (only know) to plant trees, and it is not my business (not my business) for officials to govern the people." However (however) I live (live) in a township (country), I am good at (zhāng) people (officials who govern the people), and I like (like) annoying their orders (issuing orders frequently), if (as if) I have pity (love) (they mean caring for the people), but (but) I die (finally). At dusk (in the morning and evening), officials came and called (called) and said,' Official orders (* * * orders) urge you (you) to plow (plow), er (urge) you (you) to plant (seed), and supervise (urge) you (you) to harvest (harvest). Sound (bang) drums (gongs and drums) and (come) gather (gather) (them, hit (bang) wood (bang) and (come) page them (page them). My little people (we ordinary people) quit (stop) (sūn meal) (y ū ng breakfast) to (come) to work (comfort) officials (officials) to (still) not have free time (free time) Why (and why) to (make ... so (so) to be sick (poor, poor) If (like this), then (then) and (with) our industry (adverb, don't, maybe) are also similar (similar, similar)? "

Section 4 of the paragraph means that the government is cumbersome and disturbing the people.

Analysis of 1 In the fourth quarter, Guo Tuo planted trees by "changing officials". He also wrote the truth of being an official with Guo Tuo's mouth. How can he be an official?

Clear: officials should conform to the requirements of people's lives like planting trees and not hinder their growth, so that they can be "prosperous" and "safe"

2. Reveal the social ills of "grown-up people are tired of their orders" with camels. From the full text, why does the author want to spread the correct principles and methods of Guo Shushu?

It is obvious that "grown-up people are tired of their orders", which corresponds to the third section "Love too much and worry too much". So far, the author has completed the transformation from planting trees to ruling the people by analogy, ruling the people by analogy and ruling the people by analogy.

Use planting trees as a metaphor to govern the people

Obey the nature of wood: obey the nature of people

Yan Yeruozi: Love the people like a son.

Give up: let people cultivate their silence.

Planting trees is just like planting trees: whether people live or die.

Love too much and worry too much: grown-up people are tired of their orders.

Muji starts every day: people's illness is getting worse and worse.

Harm trees and hate trees: harm others and hate themselves.

By analogy, the truth of helping the people and governing the country is explained by writing trees. Analogy can strengthen the visualization of reasoning, thus making abstract truth very concrete, simple and vivid.

The questioner of the original text said: "Hip is not only (but also) a good (very good) husband! I asked (excuse me) if you plant trees, you have to raise people (how to raise people). " Tell (spread) his (his) story (story) and regard (coming) as an official warning (warning to officials)!

The questioner got a windfall.

This paper analyzes the author's writing purpose of comparing the way of governing the country with the way of planting trees. The full text starts with the way of planting trees, and then turns to the theory of governing the country. Finally, it summarizes the full text from two aspects: "raising trees" and "raising people", and points out the significance of selecting the topic. It is persuasive to explain the idea of governing the country and safeguarding the people with an ordinary worker, which is also a major feature of this paper. Structurally, the first paragraph is "Qi", the second is "Cheng", the third is "Turn", the fourth is "Fen" and the fifth is "He". Clear-cut, supernatural, and logical.

(5) Text analysis:

1. genre: fable biographies are actually argumentative essays.

2. Central topic: Expose the malpractice of current politics, and explore the way to govern the people as an official. In this paper, the principle of governing the country and ensuring the people's safety is put into practice in afforestation by biography, which reveals the harm brought to the people by the troubles of the ruling class at that time, shows the author's progressive thought of "helping the people" and embodies the people's wishes and requirements.

3. Demonstration method: demonstrate the principle of governing the people by analogy with the principle of planting trees. This paper is called biography, reasoning, remembering people, telling the truth, and the basic technique is analogy. See the third part for the analysis.

4. Layer by layer comparison. This paper mainly explains how to plant trees through the comparison between camel and "his planter", see the analysis in the second paragraph. In addition, on the whole, there is also a comparative relationship between the "naturalness" of camel's "sick" tree planting and "people are tired of their orders".

"hunchback, anti-nature, annoying its orders, anti-people's nature" means "people are irreversible nature, planting trees is irreversible nature, and governing people is irreversible nature" Everything should go with the flow, not against the objective laws, which is of philosophical significance.

5. Appreciate the writing features of this article.

Clarity: the article uses the expression of contrast and contrast, first talking about raising trees, then talking about raising people, and using "planting trees" as a metaphor to "govern the people", which implicitly and euphemistically expresses the author's political views. Concise and vivid narrative language is a major feature of this paper. If we only use the word "long ran fu xing", we will write the image characteristics of the characters; Just use "fine". The words "I am worthy of fame" describe the personality of the characters. This combination of "historical writing" and "literary expression" shows the author's superb language expression ability.

(6) Summary and development: This is a biography and an allegorical reasoning article. This paper has the characteristics of biography and fable, and combines the two styles in one furnace. It is a biography mode, which describes the names, origins and occupations of characters, writes characters in a positive way and compares them in a negative way. As far as the way of borrowing trees is concerned, it is ironic. This integration is conducive to the combination of narrative and discussion, and is conducive to the emergence of things.

Attachment 1: blackboard design:

Metaphor is the sexual effect of camels along tree species;

"Fantasy is set as literature" (planting trees) is in our nature, and it is no longer a nuisance.

"Fable-based" means ruling the people, obeying them, being generous and simple.

(Lu Xun's language) (Raise the people to recuperate, keep my sex safe and love my life.

Attachment 2: I don't know what the original name is. Because of rickets, his back bulges high and he walks like a camel, so the villagers call him "camel". Hearing this nickname, the camel said, "Very good. It is really appropriate to call me by it. " So he abandoned his original name and called himself "Lolo". His hometown is Fengle Township, in the western suburbs of Chang 'an. Luolu takes planting trees as its business, and all the gentry families in Chang 'an build gardens for sightseeing, and merchants selling fruits compete to marry. You see, the trees planted or transplanted are not alive, and they are tall and lush, bearing early fruits and bearing many fruits. Although other tree growers secretly observe and imitate, they can't catch up with him.

Someone asked him why, and he replied, "My camel can't make the tree live long and grow fast, but it can adapt to the natural growth law of the tree and make the tree grow according to its own habits." Generally speaking, the habit of planting trees requires that the roots should be stretched, the soil should be cultivated evenly, the transplanted trees should keep the old soil at the roots, and the soil should be carefully compacted. After doing this, don't touch it, leave it alone, and don't look after it after you leave. When transplanting trees, we should be as careful as raising children, and when planting trees, we should put them aside like throwing them away, so that the growth law of trees can grow naturally according to their nature without being destroyed. So I just don't hinder its growth, and I have no special ability to make it grow tall and lush; I just don't restrain and reduce its results, and I don't have the special ability to make it bear more fruits early. Other people who plant trees are not like this. Roots can't be stretched, change to new soil. There is more or less soil. If there are people who love trees too much and worry too much, they look at trees in the morning and touch them at night, but they have already left, but they have to turn back. What's more, scratching the bark with your fingers, testing the life and death of the tree, shaking the roots to see if the planting is loose or solid, so that the nature of the tree is lost day by day. Although it is said that it loves trees, it is actually harmful to trees; Although it is a tree of troubles, it is actually a tree of hatred. So they are not as good as me. What skills do I have? "

The person who asked said, "Can you apply the principle of planting trees to officials and people?" Tuotuo said, "I only know how to plant trees. It is not my job to be an official and govern the people. However, I live in a village and see that those officials like to issue various orders constantly, as if they cherish the people, but in the end it has led to disaster. Every morning and evening, the officers came to the village and shouted,' The officials ordered you to plow, encouraged you to sow and urged you to harvest. Take up the yarn and spin early. Take care of your children and feed your chickens and pigs. "At one moment, drumming brings people together, and at another moment, knocking on the wooden bang brings everyone together. We ordinary people can't take care of dinner and breakfast to entertain and comfort officials, and we still have no leisure time. How can we make our population prosperous and live a stable life? So everyone is very hard and tired. Like this, it is probably similar to people in our industry? "

The questioner sighed with emotion: "Isn't this very good? I asked about raising trees, but I got a way to raise people. " I wrote it down as a warning to the officials.