His father, Su Xun, was the "Sue" mentioned in The Amethyst at the age of 27. Su Xun got angry late, but he worked hard. In his later years, Su Shi recalled his childhood experience of studying with his father and felt that he was deeply influenced by his father. Of course, without Su Xun's hard work, Su Shi would not have been able to get a good tutor since he was a child, let alone "learn the history of general classics, which belongs to thousands of words every day", let alone have a future literary master.
In the first year of Jiayou (1056), 21-year-old Su Shi left Sichuan for Beijing for the first time to take the imperial examination in the imperial court. The following year, he took the examination of the Ministry of Rites, won the appreciation of Ouyang Xiu, the examiner, with an article on loyalty to punishment, and became a scholar in high school.
In the sixth year of Jiayou, Su Shi took the Chinese secondary school exam, which is usually called "three-year Beijing Examination", got the third grade, and signed a book for the judge in Dali. Later, his father died in Bianjing, and Ding returned to his hometown. In the second year of Xining (1069), he returned to the DPRK after his term of office, and he was still appointed.
Su Shi has been away from Beijing for several years, and great changes have taken place in North Korea. After Zongshen ascended the throne, he appointed Wang Anshi to support the political reform. Many of Su Shi's teachers and friends, including Ouyang Xiu, who admired him at the beginning, were forced to leave Beijing because they disagreed with the new country Wang Anshi's implementation of the new law. The old rain in the ruling and opposition parties faded away, and what Su Shi saw in his eyes was no longer the "peaceful and prosperous times" he saw at the age of twenty.
On his way back to Beijing, Su Shi saw the harm of the new law to ordinary people, so he disagreed with Prime Minister Wang Anshi and thought that the new law could not facilitate the people, so he wrote a letter of opposition. As a result, like his teachers and friends who were forced to leave Beijing, they were not allowed to stay in the court. So Su Shi asked for his release and was transferred to Hangzhou to serve as a general.
Su Shi stayed in Hangzhou for three years. After his term, he was transferred to Mizhou, Xuzhou, Huzhou and other places.
This lasted for about ten years, and Su Shi met the first disaster in his life. At that time, someone deliberately distorted his poems and made a big fuss. In the second year of Yuanfeng (1079), Su Shi arrived in Huzhou for less than three months, and was arrested and imprisoned for writing poems to satirize the new law, which is known as Wutai Poetry Case.
Su Shi was in prison 103 days, almost on the verge of being beheaded. Su Shi was spared because of the national policy of not killing the ministers of the official department during Mao's reign in the Northern Song Dynasty.
After he was released from prison, Su Shi was demoted to Yong Lian of Huangzhou Regiment (equivalent to the vice captain of modern civil self-defense forces). This position is quite humble, and at this time, Su Shi has been disheartened after this prison. In his spare time, he leads his family to reclaim wasteland and farms to help make a living. The nickname "Dongpo lay man" was given to him at this moment.
In the seventh year of Yuanfeng in Song Shenzong, Su Shi left Huangzhou for Ruzhou. Due to the long distance and tiring journey, Su Shi's children died unfortunately. Ruzhou is far away, and all the tolls have been used up. Coupled with the pain of losing his son, Su Shi wrote to the court, requesting not to go to Ruzhou for the time being, and to live in Changzhou first, and then was approved. When he was ready to return to Changzhou, Zongshen passed away.
Zhezong ascended the throne, the high queen mother listened to politics, the new party forces fell, and Sima Guang was re-enabled as prime minister. So Su Shi was recalled to North Korea as a doctor by the Ministry of Rites in 1998. In the first half of the month, I was promoted to the residence of Sheren, and after three months, I was promoted to the position of Sheren in Zhongshu, so I was promoted to a bachelor's degree in Hanlin.
As the saying goes, "Beijing officials are not easy to be." Su Shi saw the emerging forces desperately suppressing the figures of Wang Anshi Group and abolishing the new law. He thought that they were just birds of a feather with the so-called "Wang Dang" and once again offered advice and suggestions to the emperor.
So far, Su Shi can neither tolerate the new party nor forgive the old party, so he once again asked for a transfer. As a bachelor of Longtuge, he went to Hangzhou as a prefect again after a long absence of 16 years. Su Shi built a major water conservancy project in Hangzhou, dredged the West Lake, and built a dam beside the West Lake with dredged silt, which is the famous "Su Causeway".
Su Shi lived happily in Hangzhou and compared himself to Bai Juyi in the Tang Dynasty. But in his sixth year in Yuan You, he was recalled to North Korea. But he was soon released to Yingzhou because of political disagreement. In the eighth year of Yuan You (1093), the new party came to power again. He was demoted to Huizhou resettlement, and later he was demoted to another family in Danzhou (now Danxian County, Hainan Province) and Changhua Army resettlement on the charge of "ridiculing the first dynasty". Hui Zong acceded to the throne, transferred to Lianzhou for resettlement, and served as deputy special envoy and Yongzhou for resettlement. In the third year (1 10 1), Fu Yuan was pardoned and restored to the classical style. On his way back to the North, he died in Changzhou, posthumous title. At the age of 66.
Su Shi's literary and artistic achievements
Su Shi's literary view comes down in one continuous line with Ouyang Xiu's, but he emphasizes the originality, expressiveness and artistic value of literature. His literary thoughts emphasize "doing something and not doing something", advocating nature, getting rid of bondage, and "innovating statutes and releasing wonderful ideas". He believes that composition should be "like running water, with no definite quality at first, but always do what you should do and always stop where you can't stop." The artistic realm of "natural arts and sciences, rich body" ("Thank the teacher's book"). Su Shi's prose works are rich, and he is also known as Han Yu, Liu Zongyuan and Ouyang Xiu. The style of the article is concise and smooth, and it is unrestrained. Shi Dehong's Postscript Dongpo (Left and Right Hands) Chi Ji said: "His prose is like water, and his waves are naturally written." Su Shi and Ouyang Xiu, both called "Ou Su", are one of the "Eight Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties".
Su Shi is the leader who presided over the literary world in the Northern Song Dynasty after Ouyang Xiu. He enjoyed a high reputation among writers at that time. Many people made friends with him or accepted his guidance for a period of time. Huang, Qin, Chao and Zhang were all trained, rewarded and recommended by him. Therefore, it is called Sumen Four Bachelor.
There are about 4,000 existing Su poems, which have a wide range of contents and diverse styles, but they are mainly bold and unconstrained, with changeable brushwork and romantic color, which has opened up a new road for the development of Song poetry. Xie Tiao's "The Original Poetry" said: "The realm of Su Shi's poetry has never existed in ancient and modern times, and everything in the world has been inspired by God." Zhao Yi's "Ou Bei Shi Hua" said: "It is a spectacular sight for a generation to take literature as poetry and go from Changli to Dongpo Yida. ..... Especially out of reach, born with a healthy pen, as cold as a sad pear, cut it together quickly. There is a hidden meaning that must be achieved, and there is no difficulty in showing it. Therefore, after Li and Du, it is a big family, not as good as Li and Du Chu. "
There are more than 340 poems written by Su Shi, which break through the narrow theme of writing about love and parting between men and women and have a wide range of social contents. Su Shi occupies a special position in the history of China Ci. He extended the spirit of the poetic innovation movement in the Northern Song Dynasty to the field of Ci, swept away the traditional style of Ci since the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties, and created an unconstrained Ci school that kept pace with the graceful school, expanded the theme of Ci, enriched the artistic conception of Ci, broke through the boundary between poetry and poetry, and made great contributions to the innovative development of Ci. His representative works include Nian Nujiao and Shuidiao Tou, which created the first example of unconstrained ci, and was also called "Su Xin" with Xin Qiji. Liu Chenweng's Preface to Xinjiaxuan said: "The word reaches Dongpo, which is aboveboard, like poetry, prose and wonders of heaven and earth."
Su Shi is also good at regular script, and he is also called "Song Sijia" with Huang Tingjian, Mi Fei and Cai Xiang. Zeng studied under the famous artists of Jin, Tang and Five Dynasties, and worshipped Wang Sengqian, Li Yong, Xu Hao, Yan Zhenqing and Yang Ningshi, and became a family of his own. Ziyun: "I can't have published a book"; There is another cloud: "Be innovative and don't practice the ancients." Huang Tingjian said: "In his early years, his pen was refined, not as natural as his boss"; Another cloud said, "When I arrived in Huangzhou, my pen was very strong." In his later years, he was influenced by overseas storms. In addition, his knowledge, mind and knowledge are outstanding everywhere, and his life has been ups and downs. His calligraphy style is rich and naive. You can imagine that he is a person by looking at his calligraphy. People and books respect each other. At that time, his brothers, sons and nephews, You, Mai and Guo, as well as his friends and Zhao Lingzhi studied under him. Later, famous historical figures such as Li Gang, Han Shizhong, Lu You, Wu Kuan and Zhang Zhidong also learned from him in the Qing Dynasty, which shows the great influence. Huang Tingjian said in Valley Collection: "Those who are good at books in this dynasty should take (Su) as the first."
Su Shi draws ink and bamboo in his paintings, drawing lessons from the same style of writing (that is, writing is capable), which is more concise than writing and has the potential to dance. Mi Fei said that he "made ink bamboo, from the ground to the top. I asked: Why not divide it into sections? Say: When bamboo is born, why is it born one by one? " He is also good at making ancient trees and strange stones. Mi Fei also said: "Use dead trees as branches and bend them for no reason;" The stone is hard and strange and unreasonable, such as the depression in his chest. " It can be seen that his paintings are very strange and he wants to send them far away. His theory of painting and calligraphy is outstanding and his painting theory has far-reaching influence. For example, attaching importance to the spirit likeness, advocating the feelings outside the painting, painting should be entrusted, opposing the similarity of forms and the limitation of procedures, advocating the unity, artistry and freshness of poetry and painting, and clearly putting forward the concept of "literati painting", which laid a theoretical foundation for the subsequent development of "literati painting". The existing books include Huangzhou Cold Food Poem, Cliff Ode, Thank the Teacher's Paper and several essays in Sacrifice to the Yellow Emperor. The surviving paintings are "Ancient Wood and Strange Stone"; The "Xiaoxiang Bamboo Stone Atlas" discovered in recent years is also his work.
In Song Dynasty, Su Shi made great achievements in poetry, prose, ci, calligraphy and painting. He is a rare literary genius in the history of China.
Su Shi's chronicle
The first year of Renzong's heyday in the Northern Song Dynasty-the eighth year of Jiayou (1023- 1064)
1036 Su Shi was born
1054 Marry Wang Fu
1057 Zhongshi Stone; Mother's funeral; Filial piety (1057.4- 1059.6)
1059 family to Kyoto
106 1 Judge Fengxiang.
The first year of Yingzong Zhiping-four years (1064- 1068)
1064 Museum of Professional History
1065 wife's funeral
1066 father's funeral; Filial piety (1066.4-2068.7)
The first year of Zongshen Xining-the eighth year of Yuanfeng (1068- 1086)
Marry Wang Runzhi.
1069 back to Beijing; Office history museum
107 1 any supervision; As an ordinary judge in Hangzhou
1074 ren mizhou satrap
1076 was appointed as Xuzhou satrap.
1079 as Huzhou satrap; Be put in prison
1080 Exile in Huangzhou
1084 to Changzhou
1085 to Dengzhou; Ren Dengzhou satrap; To Kyoto; Ren Zhongshu Scheeren
Zhezong (1086- 1 100) was in power during the reign of Yuan You (1085- 1093).
1086 imperial edict with the knowledge of Hanlin bachelor.
1089, Governor of Hangzhou and Commander of the West Zhejiang Military Region.
109 1 is the official minister; To Kyoto; Ren Yingzhou satrap
1092 as Yangzhou satrap; Department of War History; Minister of rites
1093 wife's funeral; The queen mother died; Adjust the county magistrate; Commander of Hebei Military Region
1094 to Huizhou; Exile Huizhou
1097 to Hainan; Exile in Danzhou, Hainan
Hui Zong (110/-kloc-0/126) was the empress dowager (1 100).
1 10 1 return to the north; Go to Changzhou; stop
1 126 The Northern Song Dynasty perished.
Su Shi's three wives
Su Shi's married wife, Wang Fu, is a young and beautiful woman from Qingshen, Meizhou, Sichuan. She knows books and is polite. She/kloc-married Su Shi at the age of 0/6. She can be called Su Shi's right-hand man and has a story of "listening behind the scenes". Su Shi is broad-minded and relatively negligent in dealing with others. Wang Fu listened behind the screen and told Su Shi his suggestions. Wang Fu and Su Shi lived for eleven days and then died. According to his father Su Xun's last words, Su Shi was buried next to your mother's grave, and personally planted 30,000 pine trees on the mountain where Wang Fu was buried. Ten years later, Su Shi wrote "Jiang Chengzi Remembers Dreams", which is the first eulogy for Wang Fu: ten years of life and death are boundless. Never think, never forget. A lonely grave thousands of miles away, desolate and nowhere to talk about. Even if we don't know each other, our faces are dusty and our temples are frosty. When night came, my dream suddenly came home. Xiao Xuan window, get dressed. Care for each other without words, only a thousand lines of tears, it is expected that heartbroken every year, on the moonlit night, short pine hills.
Su Shi's second wife, Wang Runzhi, was Wang Fu's cousin and married Su Shi in the third year after Wang Fu's death. She is eleven years younger than Su Shi. She admired Su Shi since she was a child, with a gentle nature and always relied on Su Shi. Wang Runzhi spent the most important 25 years with Su Shi. After Wutai Poetry Case and Huangzhou's relegation, he shared joys and sorrows with Su Shi in the ups and downs of his official career. Twenty-five years later, Wang Runzhi also died before Su Shi. Su Shi was heartbroken and wrote a eulogy: "I'm going home, I'm going back to Yuan Qiu. Once a little, abandoned me first. Who welcomes our doors and feeds our fields? There is nothing we can do! Tears have dried up. Traveling abroad makes me less grateful. Just the same point, or repeat this statement. Hey! " One hundred days after his wife's death, his friend and great painter Li Longmian was asked to draw ten arhats. When the monk was asked to recite the scriptures for her and live in heaven, these ten statues were dedicated to the dead soul of his wife. After Su Shi's death, Su Zhe buried him with Wang Runzhi, realizing the wish of "sharing only a little" in the memorial hall.
Su Shi's third wife, Wang Chaoyun, is his concubine, twenty-six years younger than Su Shi. When Su Shi was in the most difficult time, Wang Chaoyun always accompanied him. Wang Chaoyun is Su Shi's confidante, and Su Shi wrote the most poems to Wang Chaoyun, calling her "Vimo Goddess". Unfortunately, Chao Yun died eleven years after he was rehabilitated, that is, before Su Shi. After Chao Yun's death, Su Shi was widowed and never married again. In accordance with Chaoyun's wishes, Su Shi buried his dead wife in the pine forest under the Great Sage Tower of Qi Temple at the southern foot of Gushan Mountain in Huizhou West Lake, and built six pavilions beside the tomb as a memorial. The couplet written is "out of date, only Chaoyun can know me; A person plays the old tune and misses you every time it rains. " There is a famous allusion in this couplet: "Dongpo retired from the DPRK for one day and ate." Gu walked slowly and said to his servant, "What is the way of your generation?" A maid suddenly said,' It's all articles', but Poe disagreed. Another person said,' full of knowledge'. Porter didn't expect when it would be. When he reached the clouds, he said, "The belly of a bachelor is out of date. Poe burst out laughing. Chaoyun Tomb has now become a scenic spot in Hainan.
Su Shi's four sons
Wang Fu gave birth to Su Shi's eldest son Mai Su, and Wang Runzhi gave birth to Su Shi's second son Su Shi and his third son Su Guo. All three sons were brought up by Wang Runzhi. /kloc-in the autumn of 0/083, Chaoyun gave birth to the fourth son Su Dun, but unfortunately it died soon.
【 Su Shi's Poem 】
My heart is like ash, and my body is like not tying a boat.
I heard that you have achieved a lot in your life, Danzhou, Huizhou and Huangzhou.
The time to write poetry was two months before his death, when he saw Li's portrait for him.
Sushi's anecdotes
1, Su Shi "bullied" the teacher.
Su Shi, a scholar, wrote a big article in the Spring and Autumn Period, called "Theory of Punishment Loyalty", including the following paragraphs:
When Yao was in office, he was a scholar and killed people without blinking an eye. Hao Tao said "kill the third" and Yao said "kill the third", so the world feared the strictness of law enforcement, while Le Yao used it as a light punishment. Siyue said "guns can be used", Yao said "no, guns can command clans", and then he said "try it". He Yaozhi didn't listen to Hao Tao's murder, but used four mountains. However, the sage's intentions can also be seen.
Examiner Mei Sheng marveled at Su Shi's article, but was not sure about the above. When Su Shi visited Mei, he asked about the origin of Yao and dialogue. Su Shi smiled and answered, "Of course."
In fact, the above allusion comes from the Book of Rites, which happened to the Duke of Zhou. Su Shi wrote on Yao during the exam, but he was fooled by teacher Bel Canto, which shows that his skill is extraordinary.
2. Dongpo Meat
When Su Shi was demoted to Huangzhou, there was a famous jingle in Pork Fu: "Huangzhou is a good pork, but the price is worthless. The rich refuse to eat, and the poor don't know how to cook. Slow down the fire, less water, and it will look good when the fire is full. Get up and play a bowl every day, and you are too full to care. " The "slow fire and little water, beautiful when the fire is strong" mentioned here is the famous Dongpo meat cooking method. Su Dongpo was later appointed as the governor of Hangzhou, building Su Causeway and building water conservancy projects, which was deeply loved by the people. And this "Dongpo Meat" followed closely, and became famous in Hangzhou, becoming a famous local dish.
3. Su Shi checked out
Su Shi lived in Changzhou in his later years. He spent his last savings and bought a house. He is preparing to move in another day. By chance, he heard an old woman crying very sadly. He asked the old woman why she was crying. The old woman said that she had a house that had been handed down for a hundred years and was sold by unscrupulous children. She cried very sadly. Looking carefully, it turns out that the house that Su Shi bought is the ancestral home that the old woman said. So Su Shi said to her, "I sold Yi's former residence, so there is no need to feel deeply distressed. Now it's time to return the house to Yi. " Su Shi immediately burned the deed and rented a house. In July this year, he died in a rental house. (See Zhou's "Liang Manzhi")
Anecdotes and interesting episodes
Sing a poem for dinner
When Su Shi was twenty years old, he went to Beijing for scientific research. Six conceited juren looked down on him and decided to invite Su Shi to dinner for the next dish, intending to Doby him. Su Shi went with pleasure after receiving the invitation. Before the chopsticks are moved, everyone puts forward a drinking order. The content of the drinking order must quote historical figures and events, so that you can eat a dish by yourself. The other five people cheered. "I'll go first." The elder said, "Jiang Ziya is fishing in Weishui!" Then I took a plate of fish. "Qin Chang 'an sells horses", the second proudly carried away the horse meat and To Tu Thanh herded sheep in Beihu. "The third one showed no weakness with mutton." "Zhang Yide Zhuoxian sells meat," said the fourth, reaching for meat and scraping bones in Jingzhou, Guan Yunchang, "and the fifth can't wait to steal bones." Zhuge Liang planted vegetables in the middle. "The sixth proudly picked up the last dish. When all the dishes were served and the six juren were happily preparing to laugh at Su Shi while eating, Su Shi was unhurriedly chanting, "Qin Shihuang annexed six countries!" After that, he put all six dishes in front of him and said with a smile, "Brothers, please! "! " . Six juren stupefied.
Stand out from others.
When Su Shi took the Beijing exam, Ouyang Xiu, a famous literary master in the Northern Song Dynasty, presided over the exam. When he was examining and approving the paper, he was fascinated by Su Shi's gorgeous and superb writing style. In order to prevent favoritism, the papers at that time were all anonymous. Therefore, although Ouyang Xiu wanted to choose this article as the first, he felt that this article was very similar to that written by his favorite pupil Ceng Gong, and he was afraid of falling behind the crowd, so he finally rated the second. It was not until the list was published that Ouyang Xiu knew that the author of the article was Su Shi. After learning the truth, Ouyang Xiu regretted it, but Su Shi didn't care at all. Ouyang Xiu admired Su Shi's generosity and outstanding talent: "Such a talented young man should really make him stand out from the crowd (that's how idioms come from)!" And officially accepted Su Shi as an apprentice.
Family gathering
After the second place in Su Shi's high school, the three sons of Su Shi and the people who are famous for their "three difficulties" gathered in the garden to celebrate. Su Xun, the father of Su Shi, put forward the word "Leng Xiang", and both of them wrote two poems, which would suit the situation at that time. In order to take the lead, Sue walked slowly to the edge of the flower pond, chanting: "Water flows cold from the stone, and wind comes from flowers." Ziyou stood up and picked a Toona sinensis, flicked his fingers and said, "Cold words are unknown, and plum blossoms are full of fingers." My little sister also went to pick flowers, and I wanted to laugh at him for imitating himself, but my little sister said, "Make the cuckoo's throat cold, and stay in the flowers and have a dream." Say that finish spread out the palm, a butterfly has been trampled to death. The characteristics of the daughter were exposed, and everyone cheered in unison. Su Shi brushed a stone bench and rode away. Su Laoquan shouted: "My son, don't leave until you answer." After saying his word, Su Shi screamed: "The clothes are cold when brushing stones, and the horseshoe fragrance is gone when stepping on flowers"!
Su Dongpo and Huang Tingjian live in Jinshan Temple. One day, they made bread to eat. They agreed not to tell the Fo Yin monk in the temple about the cake fight. After a while, the cake was ready. They counted it, first presented it to Guanyin Bodhisattva, bowed down and prayed diligently. Unexpectedly, Fo Yin had been hidden in God's account in advance. When they knelt down to pray, they reached out and stole two cakes. When Su Shi finished worshipping, he got up and saw that two cakes were missing. Then he knelt down and prayed, "Guanyin Bodhisattva is amazing. She ate two cakes. Why didn't she come out to see him? "
Fo Yin replied in the account:
"If I had noodles, I would make something to eat with you. How dare I bother you? "
Su Dongpo is in Hangzhou and likes to make friends with monks in West Lake Temple. He and monk Fo Yin of the Holy Mountain Temple are best friends. They often make jokes while drinking and reciting poems.
Monks in Fo Yin are delicious. Whenever Su Dongpo treats guests at a banquet, he always comes uninvited. One night, Su Dongpo invited Huang Tingjian to visit the West Lake, and many tables and drinks were prepared on board. When the cruise ship left the shore, Su Dongpo smiled and said to Huang Tingjian, "Fo Yin will come to every party. Tonight, we will go to the lake by boat to drink, sing poems and have fun. He can't come anyway. " "Who knows, Fo Yin monks have long discovered that Su Dongpo wanted to swim with Huang Tingjian, so they hid under the deck when they didn't get on the boat.
The bright moon is in the sky, the cool breeze is refreshing, and the lotus fragrance is full of lakes. The cruise ship slowly arrived at the Three Towers of the West Lake. Su Dongpo raised his glass and smoothed his beard. He happily said to Huang Tingjian, "Today, without Fo Yin, we are quiet. Let's start by ordering wine. The first two sentences should be immediate, and the last two sentences end with the word "in". " Huang Tingjian said, "All right!" Su Dongpo first said:
What can the sky say when the clouds are parted and the bright moon is in the sky? What did heaven say?
Huang Tingjian looked at the lotus full of lakes, and then said:
Li Anping separated and swam out of the fish, which she deserved! Get what you want!
At that time, Fo Yin couldn't help getting off the deck. Hearing Huang Tingjian say this, he pushed the deck away and climbed out to say:
When the boards were separated, Fo Yin came out, which was really frustrating! Suppress people!
Su Dongpo and Huang Tingjian were startled to see a man suddenly climb out from under the planking. When they looked carefully, it turned out to be Fo Yin. When they heard him say such four poems, they couldn't help laughing.
Su Dongpo took Fo Yin and sat down and said, "You hid well. You are right. You ate again today! So, while enjoying the moon, the three men swam around the lake, talking and laughing.
Dongpoyu
Su Shi is not only a literary master, but also good at gluttony. Besides Dongpo elbow, Su is also good at cooking fish, and his fish is a must. Once, Su Shi was very happy. He went to the cupboard to cook fish himself. Just after cooking, I saw Huang Tingjian come in through the window (Huang Tingjian is one of the four major fonts in ancient China and a close friend of Su Shi. They often take pleasure in quarrelling. Knowing that I was going to rub the meal card oil again, I quickly hid the fish on the top of the cabinet. Huang Tingjian came in and said, "Today, I asked Brother Zi Zhan, dare I ask Su Shi how to write Su?" Su Shi responded morosely: "Su Zhe, the fish on the grass, the food on the left." Huang Tingjian added: "Can you put this fish on the right?" Su Shi said, "Not bad." Huang Tingjian went on to say, "Is this fish ok?" Su Shi said, "How can fish be put on it?" Huang Tingjian pointed to the top of the cabinet and said with a smile, "Since Brother Zi Zhan knows this truth, why do you put fish on it?" ! "Su Shi, who has always been witty, was completely beaten by Huang Tingjian this time!
Fruits and medicines
Shortly after Su Shi's marriage, he was invited to visit Huang Tingjian's house. When he got there, the servant came and told him to go back at once, saying that his wife was in a hurry. Huang Tingjian sneered and intoned, "Fortunately, it is early (apricot, jujube, plum) and calm (Cistanche deserticola is Chinese medicine)." This sentence contains three fruit names and one medicine name. Su Shi got into the saddle and walked away without looking back. As he walked, he said, "This thing (apples, sugar cane, persimmons) must be angelica (angelica is the name of Chinese medicine)." Sigh, Dongpo's talent is really admirable.
Noble morality and noble character
As a literati, it is inevitable that he likes to express his opinions in politics. Su Shi, who is almost synonymous with gifted scholars, is no exception. As a conservative, Su Shi is even more enthusiastic about Wang Anshi's political reform and reform. In the second year of Beiyuanfeng and the tenth year of the political reform, Wang Anshi finally couldn't sit still in the face of Su Shi's sharp criticism. Su Shi was demoted to Huzhou, then arrested and sent to the capital of song dynasty for trial. Historically, the literary inquisition of Wutai poetry case began, and a large number of literati who had contacts with Su Shi were implicated, even Ouyang Xiu, a teacher of Su Shi who had passed away, and his family were not spared. Su Shi himself suffered a hundred days in prison. Later, after Wang Anshi's political reform failed, Song Zhezong instructed Su Shi to write a letter for him. In his letter, Su Shi did not reveal personal grievances or any political differences. On the contrary, he spoke highly of his political opponents. There is a passage in the article: "noble and graceful writing is enough to decorate everything;" An extraordinary journey is enough to blow all over the world. " Su Shi himself deserves this evaluation given to Wang Anshi. Dongpo's selfless spirit of moral integrity really touched future generations.
Doulong
After Su Shi went to prison, Zongshen sent a little eunuch to pretend to be a prisoner and sleep with Dongpo to test whether he hated the son of heaven. When eating during the day, the little eunuch teased him with words. Su Shi ate with relish and replied, "No matter the weather thunders and thunders, my heart will not move!" " "At night, he fell asleep, and the little eunuch teased him." Isn't it a pity that Sue sleeps in such a bed? " !" Su Shi ignored it and snored and answered. The next morning, the little eunuch woke him up and said, "Congratulations, your Excellency, you have been pardoned." You know, that night was very dangerous. As long as Su Shi has a little complaint and a little strange behavior of eating badly and sleeping uneasily, he is in jeopardy. In fact, Emperor Zongshen was also a fool. How could it be impossible to send a eunuch to take refuge in Su Shi's information?
Dongpo Chibi Ancient City
After Su Shi was pardoned, he was demoted to Huangzhou. Living in a small house on Dongpo with the help of a friend (Dongpo layman came here), Su Shi had a lot of leisure time at this time, so he wrote poems everywhere. A lot of peerless nouns such as Linjiang Xian and Bu Operator: Living in Dinghui Garden in Huangzhou were written during this period. When Su Shi visited Chibi in Huangzhou, he wrote Nian Nu Jiao, which became an eternal story. However, despite his profound knowledge, Su Shi made a fatal mistake in geography. Chibi of the Three Kingdoms is in the upper reaches of Wuhan, and Chibi of Huangzhou is in the lower reaches of Wuhan. This red cliff is not another red cliff. However, it is wrong to make mistakes. This Chibi inscribed by Su Shi is now called Dongpo Chibi.
jam
After the restoration of the imperial conservatives, Sima Guang, a famous writer in the Northern Song Dynasty, who was famous for smashing jars, paid homage to each other, and the new law was completely abolished. At this time, Su Shi, who is also a conservative, advocated that the new law should not be completely denied, but should be treated differently, so he had a fierce conflict with Sima Guang and was once again demoted to Guazhou. Although Su Shi believes in Buddhism, he doesn't like monks. I heard that there is a famous monk named Fo Yin in Jinshan Temple in Guazhou. Sushi was unconvinced and decided to go to the mountain to meet the old monk for a while! In the temple, Su Shi talked from the emperor to the civil and military officials, and from governing the country to being a man. The monk listened quietly. Su Shi saw that Fo Yin was silent and looked down upon him from his heart. I thought to myself: everyone says he is capable. It turns out that he is a straw bag, and he came here to cheat some incense money! The topic slowly came to Buddhism. At this time, Fo Yin asked: "What kind of person should Lao Na be in your husband's eyes?" Su Shi was full of contempt and casually replied: "You are capable in the eyes of ordinary people, but that's because they are shallow. In fact, you are a liar every day, and there is no real talent! " Fo Yin smiled and answered in silence. Su Shi saw that he not only looked down on the monk more, but also gloated, so he asked on a whim, "What kind of person is Master Su in your eyes?" "You are a very learned and cultivated person. Being old is better than losing! " Fo Yin replied. After returning to China, Su Shi proudly told his little sister how to be a monk in the morning, and Su Xiaomei laughed so hard that her meal came out. Su Shi was puzzled and asked, "Why is my little sister laughing?" "You belittle the monk. Instead of being angry, he praised you. Who do you call educated? How to cultivate one's morality without learning? You still think you're better than others? Shameless, you don't even know! " . After listening to this, Su Shi suddenly realized that he and Fo Yin had become best friends since then.
Bones are not cold.
One day, Su Shi and Fo Yin visited Slender West Lake by boat. Master Fo Yin suddenly took out a fan with Dongpo poems written on it and threw it into the river, shouting, "Water flows out of Dongpo poems (corpses)!" Su Shi was stunned at that time, but soon smiled and pointed to a dog gnawing bones on the river bank, chanting: "Dogs gnaw bones on the river bank (monks)!"
Dongpo eats grass
In his spare time, Su Shi visited Master Fo Yin in Jinshan Temple. I didn't expect the master to be away, so a little novice monk opened the door. Su Shi proudly said, "Where is the bald donkey? ! "。 Little novice monk calmly pointed to the distance and replied, "Dongpo eats grass!" " "
Repel the enemy with couplets
During the Northern Song Dynasty, the Song people led an invasion of Liao. However, the imperial court, which was bent on seeking peace, attracted the envoys of Liao State and sent a pair of couplets, asking the Song people to answer correctly: three lights, the sun, the moon and the stars. If you are allied, you will withdraw your troops and make peace. This couplet looks simple, but it is not easy to get it right. The number in the sentence is the same as the number after it, and the number selected in the sentence corresponds to three things more or less. Su Shi, who happened to return to Beijing to report on his work, skillfully combined the upper and lower couplets into one: four poems, elegant and ode. This couplet has only three names in four poems, because there are "Ya" and "Ya" in the Book of Songs, which are collectively called "Ya". In addition, there are four parts: "national style" and "ode to poetry", so the Book of Songs is also called "Four Books". The punch line is natural, and Liao admires it to the extreme.
Three people must have a teacher.
One day, Su Shi, his sister and Huang Tingjian enjoyed these paintings. It's interesting to see the title above: the breeze is fine and the willows are fine, and the plum blossoms are pale. Look, it's a four-character couplet, but there is a word in the middle. Miss Jie suggested adding words in the middle to become a five-character couplet. Huang Tingjian caught it right: dancing in the wind and hiding plum blossoms in the bright moon. Miss Sister's Supplement: The breeze shakes the willows, and the bright moon reflects the plum blossoms. Su Shi thought for a moment, immediately responded, and wrote lyrics to make it become: the breeze helps the willows, and the plum blossoms are defeated in the bright moon. Throughout the three-person couplets, Su Shi is the best: the word "Fu" not only describes the softness of the wind and the fineness of the willow, but also describes the intimacy between the wind and the willow, which is more vivid; The word "lost" is also more appropriate than the word "hidden", which not only emphasizes the bright moonlight, but also takes into account the cleanliness of plum blossoms, highlighting the fusion of the two, which is more consistent and appropriate.
One man's plan
Fo Yin, Su Shi's best friend. Although he is a monk, he never avoids wine and meat. On this day, Fo Yin fried fish and drank wine, which happened to be the day when Su Shi visited. Fo Yin quickly hid the fish under the big fish. Su Shi had already smelled the fishy smell, but he didn't see it when he entered the door. He remembered that he had been cheated by Huang Ting that day. He changed his subject and deliberately said, "Today, I came to ask the master, what is the next sentence of Xiangmendi Changchun?" To Fo Yin's great surprise, his old friend read a well-known old saying, and he blurted out the following sentence: The accumulation of good deeds is not just a celebration. Su Shi clapped his hands and smiled: "Since there were fish (surplus) in the Qing Dynasty, let's accumulate some goodness and enjoy it."
Wushan river.