Huang taiji, who developed a strong physique since childhood, not only handled government affairs normally the day before his death, but also showed no signs of illness for a period of time. Why did he die suddenly a year before his victory? 1643, Huang taiji died suddenly at the age of 52. Before he could leave a few words, he was so unwilling to throw the solid foundation created by his father and son into the unknown future. Since childhood, the Crown Prince has followed his father Nurhachihan in hunting and practicing martial arts, and has developed a strong physique, superb martial arts and courage. He is fat and strong. Even in severe winter, he never wears a warm hat or puts his hand in his sleeve when he goes hunting. No matter how fast you dismount, you will never "talk empty words". Shengsi Temple has a bow that he used. Its arrow is more than 4 feet long, and even Hercules can't pull it open. He is not only outstanding in martial arts, but also literate and loves reading. He is the only one who can read among all the brothers. According to the Records of the Qing Dynasty at that time, at 90 pm on the ninth day of August in Chongde, Huang Taiji "sat on the ground" in Nankang, Qingning Palace, at the age of 52. Because of his sudden death, the history books called him "the dead man". Is that really the case? On the surface, not only the day before his death, but also for a period of time, he handled government affairs normally without any signs of illness. However, according to his health records in the years before his death, he fell ill many times: in the fifth year of Chongde, "Gong Sheng violated peace" and went to Anshan Hot Spring for recuperation; Six years, suffering from nosebleeds; In July 2007, 10, "The holy bow does not obey", the world was pardoned, obviously seriously ill; 65438+ February, once again "the holy bow does not obey", thus stopping hunting and returning to the palace; Since then, in January, March and April of the eighth year of Chongde, diseases have continued. Connecting these situations with the death four months later, we can see that it is not "death". From the perspective of modern medicine, combined with the situation that he asked North Korea for Julie at that time, he probably died of a stroke. On September 21st, the eighth year of Chongde, Huang Taiji was buried in Zhaoling. It is also commonly known as Beiling today. The second year after his death, 1644, the rule of the Ming Dynasty was completely destroyed by the torrent of peasant uprising. The Eight Banners he left entered the customs in one fell swoop and won the world from the peasant army. His six-year-old son Fu Lin became the first emperor of the unified Qing Dynasty. Nurhachi's death made Khan in Kong Xuan the target of all. What did Huang Taiji win? Is he really in power as others say? Nuba is dead. Who will take Khan's place? It became a problem for a while, because he didn't appoint Khan's successor before his death, leaving only his last words, saying that Khan's successor was chosen by the Eight Banners, and that the new Khan chosen by the Eight Kings was "unable to assist, that is, disobedient", and that the Eight Kings also had the right to recall him, saying that "sages are better candidates". So, who should you recommend? At that time, the situation was like this: Before Nurhachi died, his four sons and nephews were named Heshuo Baylor by him, namely Daishan, A Min, Mango Taiwan and Huang Taiji. They are brothers of the same age, with the highest status and the strongest ability. Naturally, they are the most qualified to be elected as the new Khan. But among these four people, Elbel A Min is the nephew of Nurhachi, and obviously does not have the advantage of competing for the sweat position; Although Sambellman Gourtay is brave and good at fighting, he is reckless and not a candidate who can meet the public's expectations. Therefore, the big Baylor Daishan and the four Baylor Huang Taiji are competitive. It should be said that in strength, the two are neck and neck. Daishan is the oldest, with brilliant military exploits, and has mastered the power of red flag and red flag. His sons Yue Tuo and Sahel are also very influential generals. Where is Huang taiji? "Brave Superman", witty and resourceful, led by Zhengbaiqi, is an elite team, and Nurhachi once had a preference for him. At this time, Daishan, which is more generous, takes care of the overall situation. He suggested that his father Khan wanted to establish Huang Taiji. He made this suggestion in the name of his father.

Thus, Huang Taiji ascended the throne as the new Khan King. From such a process, Huang Taiji was recommended by Baylor as Khan. Therefore, some people say that he took the position of Daishan. What happened? He said that the reason why he took the position of Daishan was that he had been striving for merit with Daishan before Nurhachi's death, and he also plotted against Daishan to make Daishan lose Nurhachi's trust and heir status. These are indeed facts, recorded in history, which means "seizing the position", but after all, it was Dai Shan who chose him, that is, the position of Khan, not that he seized the position of Khan in Dai Shan. Huang taiji, who first ascended the throne of Khan, did not sit back and relax. The "Eight Wang Zhiguo" system has seriously threatened his authority. How did he consolidate his Khan throne through a series of changes, and how did he finally become an absolute monarch with supreme authority in various power whirlpools? Although Huang taiji was chosen as Khan, the Eight Banners had a strong constraint on him. They either support him or abolish him. This "Eight Wang Zhiguo" system is actually a loose alliance of eight military groups, and this political situation is very unstable. Huang taiji must establish Wang Han's authority and consolidate his position, so this political system must be changed. How to change it? He took the following measures: First, he canceled the system of taking turns on duty every month in Sanbaylor and changed the old rule that they were equal to King Khan. Nurhachi was not energetic in his later years, so he appointed four Heshuo Baylor to take turns on duty to help him deal with government affairs. At the beginning of his reign, Huang Taiji still adhered to this system. In the first month of the third year of Tiancong, Huang Taiji suggested that it would be troublesome and "inconvenient" for the third brother to watch the moon in turn. Later, the young Baylor brothers watched the moon instead of their brother. This is the beginning of weakening the power of Sanbaylor. The second step is to attack Sambay Luo and eliminate the threat of separatism. A Min is the most dangerous person in the Three Bayles, and he is threatened by division. His father Shurhachi and Nurhachi had different political views, led his men, wanted to leave Nurhachi to stand on their own feet, and was executed by Nurhachi. Although A Min was raised by his uncle Nurhachi, the revenge of killing his father inevitably alienated him from Nurhachi. When Nurhachi was alive, he disobeyed orders and secretly went to blackwood to reclaim land. After Nurhachi's death, when his sons and nephews were crying in front of the mausoleum, he said to Huang Taiji, "Please discuss it with Baylor. King Lear is the subject. After you take the throne, you can let me live in a foreign country. " Or do you want to get rid of the post-Jin independence? Although his idea didn't come true, he didn't obey the constraints, disobeyed military orders more than once and went his own way. In the fourth year of Tian Cong, he was ordered to guard the four cities of Yongping occupied by Jin after Shanhaiguan. This was once the stronghold of Huang Taiji's intention to expand his power and destroy Ming Dynasty in Shanhaiguan, which was of great strategic significance. However, when the Ming army counterattacked, A Min killed all the officials and people in the city, plundered them, and then fled with the plundered people, livestock and wealth, which made Huang Taiji's strategic plan that was sure of success fall by the wayside. After the past, Huang taiji couldn't bear it anymore and counted his crimes. With Baylor's unanimous consent, he was put in a cage, and his property, slaves and the blue flag he owned were distributed to his younger brother Jill Harlan. Sanbei Le Mengtai is Huang Taiji's half-brother and a valiant soldier. He has made outstanding achievements, but he doesn't respect Huang Taiji very much. In five years, Huang Taiji criticized him for violating military orders and often making mistakes. He refused. In the debate, he tried to draw his sword. After the resolution of the meeting, Wang Belle, headed by Dai Shan, was deprived of his name and reduced to Belle, and some punishment was given. This happened in June+10, 5438, and the end of the year is coming soon, and the New Year greeting ceremony is being prepared. Li Bolong, a Han official, suggested arranging shifts for all officials at the welcoming ceremony. Huang taiji suggested that although Mungtai was not Baylor, it had already "sat down".

After Huang Taiji raised this question, half of the people at the meeting insisted that Mangutai could no longer sit side by side with Huang Taiji. At this time, it depends on Dai Shan's attitude. Daishan didn't seem to understand Huang Taiji's intention at first, saying, "The imperial edict is sincere. He was wrong and didn't care enough. He just said that he could sit side by side. " But after thinking about it, he said, "when we are offered a big position, it is very impolite for us to sit next to the top." From now on, we will sit between the top and the south to show the tallest body. I will sit next to the waiter Man Gourtay, and the foreign Mongolian Baylor will sit under us to allow communication. " Everyone agreed. At this point, Dai Shan is the only one among the three Baylers who really supports Huang Taiji and poses no threat to the khanate. And he has given up the right to be an equal with Huang taiji. Since then, the status of the Crown Prince has been established. In the first year of Chongde, he proclaimed himself emperor and truly became an absolute monarch with supreme authority, thus replacing the system of "Eight Wang Zhiguo" military aristocrats governing the country. Huang taiji, who established supreme authority, finally got a chance of political revenge. However, how did Huang Taiji rise and finally win the Central Plains compared with the Ming regime, which was still strong at that time? Fiona Fang could not be realized without rules, so Huang Taiji began to create various laws and systems and establish a feudal legal system. All actions of the government and people were followed, and everything was brought into the track of feudal order. Huang taiji also tried to unite with other ethnic groups and strengthen his own strength. Nurhachi rebelled against the Ming Dynasty and had a strong national revenge. Nurhachi took "killing Han people and raising Manchuria" as the basic national policy, and carried out the cruel ethnic slaughter and high-pressure policy of "rebels were slaughtered and prisoners were enslaved" in Liaoshen area. As a result, the contradiction between Manchu and Han nationalities intensified, and the various forms of resistance struggle of the Han people continued. After Huang taiji ascended the throne, facing such a severe practical test, he wisely implemented a new ethnic policy: "Man-Han family", which stipulated the principle that the two ethnic groups of Man and Han enjoyed equal treatment politically and economically. To this end, he took many effective measures to transform national opposition into national integration. Huang taiji also turned Mongolia from an ally into a subject. Since Nurhachi, the strategy of alliance with Mongolia has been implemented, and Huang Taiji began to use this strategy. Of course, this relationship is unstable and fragile. Therefore, after he became powerful, on the basis of military conquest, he turned the political alliance into a ruling relationship, and the fierce Mongolian nation became a subject of the Qing state and was bound by national laws. Mongolia was incorporated into the territory of the Qing Dynasty. In the later period, the Empress Dowager implemented the administrative system of League Flag and set up Mongolian yamen to take charge of Mongolian affairs. This change not only completely eliminated this external threat, but also greatly enhanced the military strength of the Qing state. At the same time, in order to strive for the ownership of Tubo, Huang Taiji changed the ban to Lamaism. In addition, Huang Taiji attached great importance to the development of agriculture. Jurchen takes gathering, fishing and hunting as the main means of production. At the time of Nurhachi, agriculture had just developed, and the importance of agricultural production had not been mentioned on the agenda. Realizing that "land and people are the foundation of the country", the Crown Prince cannot make a living by plundering. Therefore, it is very important to develop agriculture. He said that "it is a great lesson for the state to persuade agriculture to show its martial arts" and that "the way to preserve health is to treat agriculture and mulberry diligently", so he took measures to develop agriculture. For example, he specifically ordered the construction of roads, city walls and other projects to "hinder farming" and offenders would be punished. Huang taiji also noticed a variety of production. First of all, the traditional hunting economy, on which Nuzhen lives, continues to develop. Second, Nurhachi changed the situation of neglecting handicraft production, developed textile industry, iron smelting industry and shipbuilding industry, and made remarkable achievements. Both filaments and silks can be woven.

During the period of Huang taiji, more and more Mongolians surrendered and expanded. By 1635, according to the Manchu Eight Banners System, the Mongolian Eight Banners System was compiled and formally established. It became the military force directly under Huang Taiji himself, second only to the Eight Banners of Manchuria. At 1642, all the eight banners of the Han army were added. In this way, the strength of the Great Qing Dynasty expanded from 8 flags in Nurhachi to 24 flags. At the same time, he also improved the organizational form of the army and affirmed the strict laws and regulations.