Shi Jian Wu (AD 780 -86 1), whose real name is Dong Zhai, was called Mako. Tang Xianzong was the first scholar in Hangzhou in the fifteenth year of Yuanhe (AD 820). Born in Zhaoxian and Zhaoxiande Township, Xincheng County, Hangzhou in the Tang Dynasty (Deng Xin County, now Xiande Village, dongqiao town, Fuyang), the township system was established in the Republic of China 18 (1929) due to zoning. Zhao County and Zhao De Township of Deng Xin County were placed under Fenshui County, and the organizational system of Fuyang County was restored on August 196 10. The original administrative areas of Fuyang and Deng Xin counties were merged with the De Commune of Fenshui County, and Fuyang County was re-established, so there was the saying of Fenshui County. He is the historical legend of the first poet, Taoist and folk pioneer in Penghu, Taiwan.

I studied in Wuyun Mountain and Longmen in my early years. In the second year of Yuanhe (807), he was awarded the title of Jinshi, and Taichang Shao Qing and Li Jian were awarded 13. However, it is lighter than fame and fortune. If you don't wait for the official, you will return to the east. Before leaving, other famous scribes in Zhang Jihe wrote a farewell poem for it, which was handed down as a verse. After he returned home, he felt that the Western Hills of Muhongzhou (now Xinjian County, Jiangxi Province) was the place where twelve true immortals became monks, built a secluded room and devoted himself to practicing alchemy. In his later years, he led his troops across the sea to avoid chaos and settled in Penghu Islands, which was a pioneer for mainlanders to develop Peng Chao. The poem entitled "Penghu Island" wrote: "There are many ghost towns by the sea, and the island is uninhabited. Black-skinned teenagers learn to pick pearls, and salt water shines on rhinoceros. "The poem" Feeling Memory "says:" It is not peaceful to drift with the tide for the time being. Suddenly I saw the floating gull returning to the dock on the other side, and the flying geese fell in front of the pavilion, which was quite able to tell the scenery. Shoulder-to-shoulder poetry and Bai Juyi's friendship. He is the author of "Xishan Collection" and "Complete Poems of Tang Dynasty", including 197 poems.

In the Northern Song Dynasty, there was another monk named Sheng and Huayangzi. The true story of the meeting of immortals in Xishan, anthology of Zhong Lu missionaries and other works.

Chinese name: Shi Jianwu.

Mbth: the word dongzhai, the name zhenzi.

Alias: Shi Zhuangyuan

Nationality: Tang Dynasty

Ethnic group: Han nationality

Place of Birth: Xiande Village, dongqiao town, Fuyang District, Hangzhou.

Date of birth: 780

Date of death: 86 1 year

Occupation: poet, Taoist scholar

Faith: Taoism

Main achievements: Taiwan Province was the first person to develop Penghu by the people.

Representative works: Collection of Western Hills, True Story of Fairy in Western Hills, etc.

Basic profile

When Shi Jianwu was a child, his family was poor and he was eager to learn. He is not afraid of hard work. He went to the mountains to read and write every day, and won the first place in the Tang and Yuan Dynasties and the ten-year palace entrance examination. In the 13th year of the Tang Dynasty (AD 859), the world was in chaos. After many days of wandering, Shi Jianwu led his people to Penghu and finally settled here. He brought the advanced mode of production and agricultural production technology from the mainland there, participated in productive labor with the local people and developed the treasure island. It was praised by later generations as "the pioneer of developing Penghu".

Shi Jianwu walked with poetry all his life, and his poems and Taoist works were extremely rich. Ten volumes of the collection of poems "Xishan Collection" have been handed down from generation to generation, and 15 1 poems have been included in the Collection of Ten Thousand Poems in Tang Dynasty. Later generations commented that his poems were "novel and magnificent, lofty as pottery, graceful and restrained as thanks, and his character should not be below".

In addition, Shi Jian Wu, a native of the Northern Song Dynasty, was named Huayangzi, and he wrote Records of Xishan Fairy Meeting, Taibai Classic, Interpretation of Huangdi Yinfu Classic and Biography of Zhong You.

The life of the character

Shi Jianwu (780-86 1), a scholar in the fifteenth year of Yuanhe, Tang Xianzong, was born in Shijia Village, Xiande (now Xiande Village, dongqiao town, Fuyang District, Hangzhou) in the first year of Jianzhong, Tang Dezong. He was a famous poet and Taoist priest in the Tang Dynasty, and the first person to develop Penghu. In the fifteenth year of Yuanhe (820) in Tang Muzong, he became a scholar. When he was young, he and other poets formed the Lindong Poetry Society. Lindong, located in Fanzheng Hall, Guangling District, 35 miles west of Deng Xincheng, has beautiful scenery. In the Five Dynasties, there was a secluded courtyard, which was later changed to Jingyan Temple, and nave was rebuilt in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Most of the poems of Lindong Poetry Society have been lost. Only one poem of Shi Jianwu's "Wandering in Lindong" is left in the New Dressed County Records of Daoguang: It is autumn in Lindong, and guests can come before dusk, and the breeze is boiling over the green hills. After entering the Tao, it is called living in Mako. During the reign of Changqing (82 1 ~ 824), he hid in Hongzhou (now Nanchang, Jiangxi) and studied immortals in Xishan (or "Wenzong Taihe Middle School came to visit Xishan from Yanling"). In his book with Xu Ning, he claimed that "although he is fortunate in fame, know life is thin, and his former residence is Xuanmen, which nurtures his nature." Mr. Lai's support, although forced to die at the end of the year, survived the dragon bell, and the income was just so. It is said in the Preface to the Soul that "I have longed for Taoism for a long time". After reading the Three Quiet Classics, I practiced the method of "Three Quiet Customs", so that I taught myself behind closed doors on the first day of the first month of the third year (838), and then "three things should be done". He is the author of Xishan Collection 10 volume, and more than one reclusive poem 100. "All Tang Wen" includes "Yi Xun Ji", and its poems also include "All Tang Poems". His health preserving theory can also be found in Daoism.

Shi Jianwu is the first scholar in Hangzhou, a historical figure who is a poet and a Taoist, and the first folk pioneer in Taiwan Province Province.

According to the three existing genealogies of the Shi family in Dong 'an and various historical records, among the ancestors of Shi Jianwu, many senior officials such as Wang Qing, Shangshu, Qiu and General were prominent in their early days. Ishimoto Akiji is a descendant of the Duke of Zhou. The fourth son of Duke Zhou was named Lu in Lu (now Shandong), and his son was knighted in Huzhou (now Zhejiang) and gave birth to Shi. Shi Jianwu is the 44th generation descendant of the Stone Family.

Then, why did Shi Jianwu's grandfather move from the prosperous Xing Wu to the border area between the new city and Fenshui, and he was a remote and sparsely populated Shan Ye?

According to the research of Shi's Genealogy, New and Old and Zi Jian, there are two versions:

First, in the middle of the Tang Dynasty, there was a rare famine in Xing Wu, and people fled everywhere. Shi Jianwu's grandfather used a pair of baskets, one carrying his father Shi Guangguo and the other carrying his aunt, and fled all the way from Xing Wu to the junction of Fenshui and Xincheng counties. Seeing the beautiful scenery and prosperous population here, he decided to settle down in Lei. I don't think there are many doubts in this regard. First of all, Shi's ancestors were a noble family. In Xing Wu, a land of plenty, they should be able to survive even if there is a rare famine. Moreover, even if you want to move, you don't need to settle in such a "three no matter" area.

The second edition is related to the official calendar of Shi's great-grandfather Shi Banglun. At that time, the prime minister of the dynasty was Shangguan Waner. When Shangguan Waner was fourteen years old, she was valued by Wu Zetian because of her intelligence and good writing style, and she was in charge of the imperial edict in the palace for many years. According to the book of the New Tang Dynasty, "Horses are separated from each other on horseback, and they often treat diseases with medical skills, but they are good at cooking when they are young. Fortunately, with Wei, she was afraid that things would be different. Princess Anle wanted to visit the DPRK after Wei and was the wife of the emperor, so they colluded with each other and poisoned the cake stuffing. At noon in June, Zhongzong collapsed in Longtang. " "History as a Mirror" also recorded that in the first year of Shenlong (705), after the restoration, Shangguan Waner, Princess Taiping and Queen Wei were all around, specializing in drafting imperial edicts. Jinglong four years (7 10), Zhongzong collapsed, and Wei Hou wanted to serve Wuhou and proclaimed himself emperor. Li Longji, king of Linzi, led Yulin soldiers into the palace, killed Wei Hou and his henchmen, staged a coup, killed Wei Hou, Princess Anle and Shangguan Waner, and made his father Tang Ruizong emperor.

Shi Banglun, the great-grandfather of Shi Zhuangyuan, was a calligrapher of this dynasty. Therefore, Shi Zhuangyuan's grandfather was afraid of being implicated in others, so he took refuge in his family and settled in Xiande's "three cares" mountain pier. The mystery is self-evident. However, there are also doubts about this. For example, in old Tang Shi, there was no such thing as Wei Ruyun, Princess Anle and Doctor Tai conspiring to poison Tang Zhongzong.

The author went to visit Xiande, and several local old people told us that Shi Jianwu's grandfather was very smart when he settled in this "no matter what" place. It is said that there used to be a stone ridge here, which was the dividing line between the two counties. Kanshang is under the jurisdiction of Fenshui County, Zhou Mu County, and it is under the jurisdiction of Xincheng County, Wu Jun County. At the beginning, Shi Jianwu's father built a hut on the ridge and settled down (that is, in Fenshui County, Zhou Mu). Later, he settled down, built a house in Kanxia Xincheng County and settled down, using the original hut as a place to pile up sundries. They live next to houses in new towns and counties and farm fields. Because Shi Jianwu's grandfather is a well-educated, well-educated, modest gentleman, and hardworking and charitable, both counties respect him very much. Shi Jianwu was born in a new house built by Xiande.

Hometown dispute

As for where Shi Jianwu's former residence is, there is a story of "two county magistrates competing for the top spot" from generation to generation.

Legend has it that after Shi Jian Wuzhong won the top spot in high school, Xincheng and Fenshui Magistrate sent effective officials respectively to try their best to find out the news of the arrival of the official who came to Beijing to give good news. One day, both counties knew the date and route of Beijing official's arrival. The new town magistrate immediately set up color cards in Luzhu to prepare for the good news official, which was also very grand. Of course, all this can't be concealed from Fenshui County. On the day of the arrival of the official who gave good news, Fenshui County personally led the official to take a boat in the dark and rushed to the narrow stream to meet the enemy early, preparing to intercept the official at the previous stop of Luzhu, making it a fait accompli. As we all know, Deng Xin County took the land route, and received good news from the official of Xincheng in Tongzhou Sha (the first few stops of Narrow Stream). As for the construction of color cards in Luzhu, it is just a castle in the air. In a fit of pique, the credulous county magistrate appealed that Xincheng County had robbed the top scholar of the Navy. Xincheng county insists that Shi Jianwu is a new city person. Both sides hold their own words and will never compromise.

Then, why did the two magistrate of a county so deliberately compete for this history champion? It turned out that the imperial court at that time, in order to encourage more talents from all over the country, made a rule: all county officials who won the top prize in high school could be promoted to the third grade in a row, and the people in the county could be rewarded with tax exemption for three years. Therefore, the two counties did not give way to each other and fought endlessly.

Later, we went all the way to the Jing Dian, but the emperor became a peacemaker, and both counties were promoted, and the people in both counties were exempted from taxes.

So, how did the saying that Shi Zhuangyuan's hometown was divided into water come from? According to the Records of Nanxin County during the reign of Taiping and Xingguo, "Tang You, Bing Yin was 906 years old (Qian Wang), and cut Nanxin Township (now Nan 'an and Nanxin), Ningshan Township (now dongqiao town), Guangling Township (now Sanxi Township), Dengxin Township (now Xukou Town except Bangkan and Xukou) and Tongyan Township.

Ming Wanli's "New Town County Records" said: "Nanxin Town, 50 miles west of the county, connected to Xinxiang in the south, was originally Nanxin County. Now Jiande Road is in the east of Fenshui County, and then it belongs to Xincheng County."

According to Song Xianchun's Records of Lin 'an, Xin 'an Township (that is, most of Nan 'an Township and Tongyan Township now) belongs to the new city. In the map of Xincheng County Records in Wanli period of Ming Dynasty, Tongyan Township (such as Shibi Village, Shangshijia Village, Yejia Village, etc. ) is also within the jurisdiction of Xincheng County.

From the above records, it can be affirmed that Tong Yan Township in the east of Fenshui County was drawn from Fenshui County by Emperor Aizong of Tang Dynasty in 906. Originally Lin 'an County, then Xincheng County.

As a result of a scholar, Fenshui County renamed the township where Shi Jianwu once lived as Zhaoxian Township. Xincheng County also renamed Shi Jianwu's residence as Zhaode Township. Later, the administrative divisions were changed, and the two townships were merged into one township. Their township names were taken from the two townships, namely Xiande Township. The place where Shi Zhuangyuan used to farm was renamed Shi Gongfan, and these place names have been used to this day.

Because Shi Jianwu's grandfather and his family once lived in Kan Kan, which is under the jurisdiction of Fenshui County, this is the origin of the statement that Shi Jianwu is a Fenshui person in Zhou Mu.

Why did Shi Jianwu resign to seek truth and move to Penghu?

Shi Jianwu is not only a top scholar, but also a famous Taoist. He wrote many well-known Taoist works, such as "One-by-one Stunt", "Interpretation of Quotations" and "Ode to Taibai Classics". He is not only a folk developer in Penghu, China, but also a great poet. His Collection of Western Hills has ten volumes. At present, a volume has been found in Chinese mainland, which has been compiled into "All Tang Poems" with 198 poems. The complete works of Xishan Collection are kept in Taiwan Province Province.

According to Xiande's Shi Family Tree, Shi Jianwu was thirty-five years old when he was admitted to Jinshi. "He became a monk in Xishan, Hongzhou, Jiangxi (now Nanchang) and studied Taoism for twenty years. After returning to the new town, I lived in Shibi Temple. In the early years of Tang Wenzong Taihe (about 827), he led his troops to Penghu. Xian Tong died in Penghu in the second year. Later, the people sent his and his wife's coffins to Xiandelomong Mountain (now Huajiashan) in Xincheng County, their hometown for burial. Enjoy the life of 82 years old.

People can't help but ask, the concept of academic officials has been recognized by people throughout the ages. Shi Jianwu is a descendant of a noble family. He is full of patriotism and patriotism. After he was promoted to Jinshi, how could he enter the door of Taoism if he didn't do it?

According to relevant records, during the Yongzhenyuan period of Tang Shunzong (805), Xu Ding, the nephew of Ling Zhun and a talented person in Xincheng, came to Wujia, Shi Jian to talk about the great changes that took place in the Tang Dynasty. The reformists, headed by Wang, were attacked and persecuted by Wen Zhen and his uncle Ling Zhun. They were also exiled to the wild land and even joined the country, and they were "always forgiven and not limited by the amount of change". Shi Jian Wu Da was furious and determined to win the laurel in Nangong and get the ladder to help the country preserve its health and eliminate disasters.

Shi Jianwu lived up to the expectations of his hometown elders and succeeded in one fell swoop. However, out of desperation, he had to turn to his mentor. However, due to bad luck, his tutor died, and he happened to meet his best friend Bai Juyi. He was recommended as the aide of Li Xian, the secretariat of Hongzhou, and was widely praised in the local area. In the fourth year of Changqing, in order to catch locusts for disaster relief, warehouses were opened without authorization. In order to prevent horses from robbing food, apricot yellow flags were planted on the ship and distributed to various places for disaster relief, saving a large number of victims who were about to starve to death. People are grateful for this, and it is still passed down from mouth to mouth. However, this move was not allowed by the court, which led to the demotion of his boss, Li Xian. To this end, Shi Jianwu also remembered his great-grandfather, and he couldn't help shivering.

Furthermore, Taoism was declared the first of the three religions by Emperor Gaozu, and its status in today's dynasty can be imagined. Taoism in most small towns and famous mountains and valleys is almost everywhere, and Taoism has won the belief from the emperor to the people. So, he saw through the darkness of officialdom and left quietly.

With the political situation getting out of control, the Yellow River basin is constantly in war, the imperial court is increasingly demanding miscellaneous taxes, and the southeast region is constantly in war. Shi Jianwu's family has no food, and there is no pure land on earth. Later, Shi Jianwu led his people across the ocean to work and live in Penghu.

The Atlas of Taiwan Province Province published in Taiwan Province Province 198 1 records: "Since the Tang Dynasty, people have moved to Taiwan Province Province and Penghu to escape the war in the southeast coast. Tang Jinshi, Shi Jian, and I have led my troops to settle in Taiwan Province Province. "

Shi Jianwu's Two Poems of Moving to Penghu

There are many ghost towns on the beach of Penghu Island, and there are no villages on the island. Dark-skinned teenagers learn to pick pearls and give salt water to rhinos. ("The Whole Tang Poetry" is called "Island Pancreas Walking") I think it is better to blow a reed to the east for a while and go back and forth with the waves. Suddenly, I saw the floating clouds return to the dock and watched the geese fall ahead.

Champion ancestral hall

Shi Jianwu, whose real name is Dongzhai, became a true son after entering the Tao. He was a famous poet and champion in the Tang Dynasty and a pioneer in the development of Penghu.

Because of his poor family background, Shi Jianwu studied in Wuyunshan Monk Temple when he was young. There is a "Fish Pond Building" at the foot of the mountain, and there is a stone tablet with the inscription "Shi Jian Wu, the top scholar in the Tang Dynasty". On the east side of the mountain, there are Yuyun Pavilion and Xiguanchi, which contain lotus flowers planted by Shi Jian Wu himself when he was studying. The petals and lotus leaves of this lotus flower are dotted with ink spots, which is said to have been spilled by Shi Jianwu when he washed the inkstone platform, commonly known as Mo Lian.

After Shi Jianwu and Xu Ning entered Longmen, Tang Xianzong was a scholar in the 15th year of Yuanhe (820), and Shi Jianwu won the top prize. However, at that time, due to the corruption of the imperial court, officials colluded and intrigued. Shi Jian Wu didn't want to get involved, so he wrote a poem called "Assistant Minister of Shangli Department", which said: "Jiuchong City has no relatives, and only 800 people are surnamed Shi. The weak feathers fly to save the arrow, and the donkey is treading on thin ice. A sunny day is hard to reflect, and a poor girl is like a flower mirror. But when you go to a place where you have never been blessed, ask Qingfa to get cold. " He said that he would go back to his hometown, and he went to Hongzhou, Jiangxi Province to learn Taoism and cultivate immortality without waiting for the court to give him an official position. Xu Ning once sent a letter saying, "Although officials want to be famous, they know that their lives are thin, and they stop at Xuanmen and are bred in the forest valley." The world calls Huayang a real person. Author of many Taoist works. Later, Shi Jianwu returned to his hometown and soon lived there, and led his people across the ocean to settle in the Penghu Islands, becoming the first person to develop Penghu. On the eve of leaving his hometown, he built a fake grave for himself and prayed that his soul would return to his hometown in his later years.

1995, The Historical Story of Taiwan Province Province, said: "People from Chinese mainland have been working in Taiwan Province Province. The story of Shi Jianwu leading his troops to Penghu was first seen in historical documents. His "Penghu Dialect" is found in The Whole Tang Poetry and Continued Records of Taiwan Province Province.

Shi Jianwu's poems made their mark in the poetry world long before he came to Beijing to take the exam. The Complete Poems of Tang Dynasty contains 197 poems, one tenth of which are about the scenery of Zhejiang. After Shi Jianwu led many people to settle in Hu Jie, he left many poems. "penghu island" wrote: "there are many ghost markets on the beach, and there are no villages on the island. Black skin learns to collect pearls when he is young, and salt water holds rhinoceros. " Here, Shi Jianwu captured the main features of the scenery of Penghu Island, making people feel the breath of the sea! At that time, there were few residents on the island, only a few fishermen came and went during the fishing season, and no villages were formed. After sun and rain, dark-skinned teenagers float in the sea day and night, learn to fish and touch pearls and mussels. At that time, it was a true portrayal of the life of fishermen in Penghu. Another poem of his "Feeling Memory" wrote: "For the time being, it is not peaceful to take a reed to the east; Suddenly, I saw the floating clouds returning to another dock, and I saw the geese flying ahead. " It vividly describes the gratification of the mainland people who are not afraid of difficulties and obstacles, crossing the ocean to advance in the East and opening up Penghu. Therefore, Taiwan Province Province has been the sacred territory of the motherland since ancient times.

Two science exams

The whole Tang Dynasty incorporated Shi Jianwu's "The True Story of Xishan Fairy Meeting" into his works. At the end of the Northern Song Dynasty and the beginning of the Southern Dynasty, the Taoist scholar Zeng _ in his book Daoshu, all those quoted from Shi Jianwu in the Tang Dynasty were called Qi Zhenzi, while those quoted from Shi Jianwu in the Northern Song Dynasty were called Huayangzi or Huayangzi.