Civilization is the result of the development of human culture, the sum of material and spiritual achievements of human beings in transforming the world, and the symbol of human social progress. The Book of Changes says, "Seeing dragons in the field makes the world civilized." In the Tang Dynasty, when Kong Ying Da annotated Shangshu, he explained "civilization" as follows: "The text is said by the latitude of the sky, and the light is bright on all sides." "Jing Tian Di Wei" means to transform nature and belongs to material civilization; "Look around" means to drive away ignorance and belongs to spiritual civilization. In the western language system, the word "civilization" comes from the synonym of "polis" in ancient Greece. Human civilization has gone through three stages. The first stage is primitive civilization. In the Stone Age, people had to rely on collective strength to survive, and material production activities mainly relied on simple gathering, fishing and hunting for millions of years. The second stage is agricultural civilization. The appearance of iron has made a qualitative leap in people's ability to change nature, which lasted for 10 thousand years. The third stage is industrial civilization. /kloc-the British industrial revolution in the 0/8th century opened up 300 years of modern human life. In terms of elements, the main body of civilization is people, which is reflected in transforming nature and reflecting on itself, such as material civilization and spiritual civilization; In terms of time, civilization has stages, such as agricultural civilization and industrial civilization; Three hundred years of industrial civilization is characterized by human conquest of nature. The development of world industrialization has brought the culture of conquering nature to the extreme; A series of global ecological crises show that the earth can no longer support the continued development of industrial civilization. It is necessary to create a new form of civilization to continue human existence, which is ecological civilization. If agricultural civilization is "yellow civilization" and industrial civilization is "black civilization", then ecological civilization is "green civilization". Ecology refers to the relationship and existing state between organisms and between organisms and the environment, that is, natural ecology. Natural ecology has its own laws of development. Human society has changed this law and brought the natural ecology into the range that human beings can transform, which has formed a civilization. Ecological civilization refers to the sum of material and spiritual achievements made by human beings following the objective law of harmonious development of man, nature and society; It refers to a cultural and ethical form with the basic purpose of harmony, virtuous circle, all-round development and sustained prosperity between man and nature, man and man, and man and society. It will fundamentally change the form of human society. The first is the change of ethical values. Western traditional philosophy holds that only man is the subject and life and nature are the objects of man. Therefore, only people have value, and other life and nature have no value; So we can only talk about morality to people, not to other life and nature. This is the philosophical basis for industrial civilized people to rule nature. Ecological civilization holds that not only man is the subject, but nature is also the subject; Not only people are valuable, but also nature is valuable; Not only people have the initiative, but naturally they also have the initiative; Not only people depend on nature, but all life depends on nature. Therefore, human beings should respect life and nature and enjoy the same earth with other life. Whether it is the humanitarianism of Marxism, the unity of man and nature in China traditional culture, or the sustainable development of the west, it shows that ecological civilization is a social form with a comprehensive unity of human nature and ecology. This unity is not that human nature obeys ecology, nor that ecology obeys human nature. In today's words, the principle of people-oriented ecological harmony is the premise of everyone's all-round development. The second is the transformation of production and lifestyle. Industrial civilized production methods, from raw materials to products to waste, are non-circular production; Lifestyle is based on materialism and characterized by high consumption. It is considered that consuming more resources is a contribution to economic development. Ecological civilization is committed to building an environment-friendly society based on the carrying capacity of environmental resources, with natural laws as the criterion and sustainable socio-economic and cultural policies as the means. The key to economic, social and environmental success lies in human initiative. People's lifestyle should be active, practical and economical, characterized by moderate consumption, pursuing the satisfaction of basic living needs and advocating spiritual and cultural enjoyment. Since ecological civilization is a new trend in the world, it should rise in developed countries first, because the ecological crisis broke out there first. But first, because of the strong technical funds in the west, the ecological crisis in China has been alleviated; Second, because the great inertia of western industrial civilization will continue for quite some time; Third, because western capitalist countries are constantly shifting ecological costs to underdeveloped areas. The west has lost the opportunity to develop ecological civilization. The loss of opportunities in the west provides opportunities for the leap-forward development of the Chinese nation. (2) Ecological Civilization and Chinese Civilization Chinese civilization is a latecomer to industrial civilization, and can never be a latecomer to ecological civilization again. The basic spirit of Chinese civilization is basically consistent with the inherent requirements of ecological civilization. From political and social systems to cultural philosophy and art, all shine with the light of ecological wisdom. Ecological ethics is one of the main connotations of China traditional culture. Confucianism in China advocates "the unity of man and nature", the essence of which is "the unity of subject and object", which affirms the unity of man and nature. As the saying goes, "Heaven and earth have changed, and sages can make it work", "It is close to heaven and earth, so it doesn't violate", and "Knowing the things around you, and Tao is the world, so it doesn't violate". Confucianism affirms the intrinsic value of everything in the world, advocates being kind to nature, and embodies the people-oriented value orientation and humanistic spirit. As the Doctrine of the Mean says: "If you can make good use of human nature, you can make good use of things; If you can make the best use of it, you can praise the teaching of heaven and earth; If you can praise the cultivation of heaven and earth, you can go to heaven and earth. " Taoism in China puts forward "Taoism is natural", which emphasizes that people should respect the laws of nature as the highest criterion, and advocates that the imitation of heaven and earth by nature is the basic transformation of life behavior. It is emphasized that man must conform to nature and reach the realm of "heaven and earth coexist with me, and everything is one with me". Zhuangzi called "materialization" a state in which there is me in things, there is something in me, and things and I are one, which is also the unity of subject and object. This is in line with modern environmental awareness and modern ecological ethics. Buddhists in China believe that everything is the unity of Buddha's nature, all beings are equal, and everything has the right to exist. "Nirvana Sutra" says: "All sentient beings feel Buddha nature, and living in Tathagata is no different." From the standpoint of treating all things well, Buddhism regards "not killing" as the first of the "five commandments", and ecological ethics has become the cultivation content of Buddhism's compassion and goodness. Zhouyi often expresses the spirit of Chinese civilization with "self-improvement" and "respecting morality and carrying things", which is consistent with the connotation of ecological civilization. The spirit of Chinese civilization is the cultural basis for solving ecological crisis, surpassing industrial civilization and building ecological civilization. Some western ecologists suggest that ecological ethics should "turn to the East". 1988, 75 Nobel Prize winners gathered in Paris. The conclusion reached after the meeting is: "If human beings want to survive in the 2 1 century, they must go back to 2500 years ago and learn from Confucius." (3) The change of ecological civilization and socialist civilization determines the change of social political and economic system. Agricultural civilization leads to feudalism, industrial civilization promotes the rise of capitalism, and ecological civilization will promote the all-round development of socialism. Marxism transcends capitalism and includes reflection on industrial civilization, thus making ecological civilization the inherent requirement of Marxism and the fundamental attribute of socialism. Engels said: "People will re-feel and realize that they are consistent with nature, and the absurd and anti-natural view of opposing spirit and matter, man and nature, soul and body is even more impossible. However, to implement this adjustment, it is not enough to rely solely on understanding. This also needs to completely change our existing production methods and our entire social system today. " The inevitable result of the complete transformation of the whole capitalist social system is the establishment of a capitalist society. * * * Capitalist society is an ecological civilized society that has realized the "two great reconciliations" between man and nature and between people. Marx pointed out: "As a complete naturalism, * * productism is equal to humanitarianism; As a complete humanism, it is equal to naturalism. It is to truly solve the contradiction between man and nature, between people, and the struggle between existence and essence, objectification and self-confirmation, freedom and necessity, and between individuals and classes. "Ecological civilization embodies the basic principles of socialism. Socialist ecological civilization first emphasizes people-oriented, while opposing extreme anthropocentrism and extreme eco-centrism. Extreme anthropocentrism has caused a serious crisis of human existence; However, extreme eco-centrism overemphasizes that human society must stop transforming nature. Ecological civilization holds that man is the center of value, but he is not the master of nature. The all-round development of man must promote the harmony between man and nature. In addition, in terms of sustainable development, fairness and justice, ecological civilization is basically consistent with contemporary socialist principles. Ecological civilization provides a platform for the integration of socialist theory. As a transcendence of industrial civilization, ecological civilization represents a more advanced form of human civilization; As a transcendence of capitalism, socialist thought represents a better ideal of social harmony. Their internal consistency enables them to stand on each other and develop with each other. Ecological civilization provides development space for the integration of various socialist theories at a higher level, and socialism provides institutional guarantee for the realization of ecological civilization. Ecological civilization can only be socialist. The essence of capitalist developed countries can only make their own countries realize the harmony between man and nature, and will not bear the global environmental responsibility. Ecological socialism is a great discovery of the essence of socialism, because it combines ecological civilization with socialism. Ecological problems will surely become the ideological weapon for socialism to criticize the capitalist system. Developing countries will eventually reunite under the banner of socialism and demand ecological costs from developed countries. Ecological civilization should be the foundation of socialist civilization system. Socialist material civilization, political civilization and spiritual civilization are inseparable from ecological civilization. Without good ecological conditions, people can't have high material enjoyment, political enjoyment and spiritual enjoyment. Without ecological security, mankind will fall into an irreversible survival crisis. Ecological civilization is the premise of material civilization, political civilization and spiritual civilization. Capitalism liberated people from feudal shackles and religious imprisonment, but at the same time it brought new exploitation and oppression, which made socialism come into being. Since the birth of socialism, there have been two choices: improvement and revolution. Whether it is scientific socialism or democratic socialism, we should study the rich vitality of capitalist self-development and think about the advantages and disadvantages brought by capitalist industrial civilization to all mankind. Because of the consistency between traditional socialism and capitalist economic modernization model, traditional socialism can not effectively cope with the new challenges brought by capitalist globalization. Because the system of socialism and capitalism is better or worse, it is not who can struggle best, not just productivity, but who is the fairest, who is the richest, who has the most moral culture, who can develop sustainably, who can bring people all-round development and who can make society more harmonious. In view of a series of difficult problems brought by globalization, such as ecological problems, ecological socialism and other new socialist schools, it not only innovated socialism in theory, but also combined Marxism with contemporary global issues in practice, which pointed out a new direction for future human society. Although the theory and practice of ecological socialism are still very weak and full of idealism, it does provide an imaginative space for socialism to deal with global problems and is a further improvement of scientific socialism. Due to the rapid development of contemporary productive forces, socialism can not only study the class relationship based on industrial civilization, but also study the cultural ethics between man and nature. This is the meaning of ecological civilization. For China, the idea of ecological harmony contained in China's traditional culture provides a solid philosophical foundation and ideological source for the realization of ecological civilization. Today, China * * * Production Party has put forward a series of new political ideas, such as Scientific Outlook on Development, building a harmonious socialist society and an environment-friendly society. Ecological socialism, the concept of world sustainable development and China traditional culture are all worth learning. The integration of the two will certainly promote the ecological civilization of Socialism with Chinese characteristics, the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, the new trend of sustainable development worldwide, the real substitution of socialism for capitalism, the all-round development of human beings and the harmony of human society. China is duty-bound.