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Hua Tuo
Hua Tuo was born in Peiguoqiao County, Yuzhou (now Bozhou, Anhui Province) at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty. Born in the first year of Yongjia (Yiyou, AD 145), he died in the 13th year of Jian 'an (Wuzi, AD 208). The Hua family was originally a noble family, and one of its descendants settled in a beautiful small flower village more than ten miles north of Qiao County. By the time Huatuo arrived, the family had declined, but the family had great expectations for Huatuo. Judging from the name and text, the name "promise" means load, and "yuan" means education. Hua tuo studied hard since childhood, reciting ancient books such as Shangshu, Shijing, Zhouyi, Book of Rites, Chunqiu, etc., and gradually gained a high cultural accomplishment. In the process of Hua Tuo's growth, he was influenced not only by the culture of the Central Plains, but also by the rich medicinal materials in his hometown. Qiao County produces many kinds of medicinal materials, such as "Shao Hao" and "Hao Ju", which have long been famous all over the world. Coupled with the relatively developed land and water transportation, Qiao County has been a distribution center for medicinal materials since ancient times. Today, there are many warehouses of Chinese herbal medicines on the thoroughfare street in Bozhou. When Hua Tuo was young, he paid attention to medicine while studying classics and history. According to the legend of the local elders, he once studied in Nitai store for health and medicine. In feudal society, most scholars are proud of being an official. Hua tuo, on the other hand, chose a completely different life path, taking medicine as his career all his life and determined to win. When I was a teenager, when Emperor Huan and Emperor Ling of the Eastern Han Dynasty were in power, consorts, eunuchs and autocratic powers alternated, and they became officials, sold officials and titles, and paid bribes in business. The people were sucked out of their bones, squeezed crazily, and fell into deep suffering. Hua Tuo witnessed the corruption of the officialdom and the sufferings of the common people, and decided to abandon his official career to become a doctor and save the world with medicine. At that time, some people of insight in the imperial court were very appreciative of Hua Tuo's character and knowledge. Huang Wan and Qiu wanted him to be an official, but Hua Tuo declined. Pei Xiang recommended Hua Tuowei and declined politely. This fully shows Hua Tuo's firm ambition and noble character. Hua Tuo
Hua tuo practiced medicine without a teacher's biography I mainly study the medical classics of the previous generation and keep learning and making progress in practice. At that time, Chinese medicine had made some achievements, and medical classics such as Huangdi Neijing, Huangdi Eighty-one Difficult Classic and Shennong Herbal Classic came out one after another. The principles of looking, listening, asking and cutting, as well as diagnostic methods such as guidance, acupuncture and medicine, have been basically established and widely used. Bian Que in the Warring States Period, Cang Gong in the Western Han Dynasty, Fu Weng in the Eastern Han Dynasty, Gao Zhi and other ancient physicians left touching stories of saving the world with medicine all their lives, which made it possible for Hua Tuo to study medical skills intensively and cultivated his sentiment. Hua Tuo
In Hua Tuo's medical practice for many years, he is very good at distinguishing different diseases from viscera and treating them according to symptoms. One day, there were two military attaché s, both of whom had fever and headache. The symptoms were the same, but Hua Tuo's prescription was quite different. They were surprised to use antiperspirants and laxatives, but they all recovered after taking the medicine. It turns out that after Warren's consultation, a kind of syndrome called exterior syndrome can be solved by sweating; One is internal heat syndrome, which is difficult to treat unless diarrhea occurs. There is also a Du You Deng Mou. After seeing the doctor, he felt that his illness had healed, but Hua Tuo reminded him: "Although your illness has healed, your vitality has not recovered yet. You should rest until you are fully recovered and avoid sexual intercourse. Otherwise, you will have concerns about your life. " At that time, when his wife heard that Zhifu had recovered, she came from hundreds of miles away to visit him. That night, Deng's careful abstinence failed, and he died three days later. Another patient, Xu, was in bed because of illness, and Hua Tuo went to visit. Xu said, "I have been coughing, upset and unable to lie down since I asked the doctor to acupuncture the stomach tube yesterday." After the inspection, Hua Tuo said, "This is a mistake. The acupuncture missed the gastric tube, but it mistakenly stuck to the liver. Eating less and less in the future will be dangerous in five days. " The consequences are as dead as they say. A county magistrate got a very difficult disease and all the doctors failed. His son came to Hua Tuo to state his illness and beg for treatment. Hua Tuo came to the patient's room, asked in a soft and arrogant tone, asked for a huge reward, but left without treatment, leaving a book to insult. The sheriff repeatedly resisted and was furious, and sent someone to kill him. There is no trace. In a rage, he vomited several liters of black blood and sank deeper and deeper. It turns out that this is a kind of psychotherapy used by Hua Tuo, which uses emotional activities such as joy, anger, worry and thinking to regulate the body to cure his disease. Hua Tuo
Hua Tuo attached great importance to folk treatment experience and often absorbed and refined it to treat some common diseases. At that time, jaundice was common. He spent three years repeatedly testing the efficacy of Artemisia capillaris, and decided to treat it with Artemisia capillaris leaves in spring and March, which cured many patients. Therefore, there is a folk song: "March wormwood, April wormwood handed down to future generations, so remember that wormwood can cure diseases in March and burn firewood in May and June." Huatuo also used warm soup and hot compress to treat the pain of scorpion sting, and used moss ointment to treat the swelling and pain after wasp sting. Use garlic paste to treat insect diseases; Treating fish-eating crab poisoning with perilla; Treating cough with Rhizoma Cynanchi Stauntonii; Use Polygonatum sibiricum to supplement fatigue. Wait, it's simple and quick. After middle age, Warren "went to Xu Tu" because of the turmoil in the Central Plains. Xuzhou is an important place in Jianghuai, with six counties and six countries. It governs 62 towns with a population of more than two million, and its capital is Pengcheng (now Xuzhou, Jiangsu). According to folklore, he lived in Guo Pei (now Pei County, Jiangsu Province) near Pengcheng. In fact, Hua Tuo's medical footprint spread all over Xuzhou, Yuzhou, Qingzhou and Yanzhou at that time. According to the place names mentioned in his medical records, Pengcheng is generally the center, starting from Ganling (now Linqing, Shandong Province) and Du Yan (now Yancheng, Jiangsu Province) in the east, Chao Ge (now Qixian, Henan Province) in the west, Guangling (now Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province) in the south and Daqiao County (now Bozhou, Anhui Province) in the southwest, which is the vast area of Sulu, Henan and Anhui today. While practicing medicine, he also went to Chao Ge, Guo Pei, Fengxian (now Fengxian, Jiangsu), Pengcheng Woniu Mountain, Lunan Mountain, Weishan Lake and other places to collect herbs. Because of his vast territory and deep roots with the people, Hua Tuo became a physician with numerous folklore in the history of China. Hua Tuo
In this way, after decades of medical practice, Hua Tuo's medical skills have reached the point of perfection. Mastering health care, prescription, acupuncture, surgery and other treatment methods, proficient in internal medicine, surgery, gynecology, pediatrics, accurate clinical diagnosis, simple methods, rapid curative effect, known as the "imperial doctor." In this regard, there are similar comments in the History of the Three Kingdoms and the Book of the Later Han Dynasty, saying that he is good at keeping in good health (knowing the art of keeping in good health, people think that he is a hundred years old and strong) and uses drugs accurately (and he is good at prescription drugs, but he can only treat several diseases, so he won't say that he will drink when he is ripe, but he will also talk about thrift and give up the need to treat diseases). There are 6 medical records of the Three Kingdoms 16, 5 biographies of Hua Tuo, 5 other documents, and 26 * * *, which are mostly seen by physicians in the pre-Qin and Han dynasties. From the scope of its treatment, internal diseases include fever, visceral diseases, psychosis, obesity and parasitic diseases, while diseases belonging to surgery, pediatrics and gynecology include trauma, intestinal carbuncle, tumor, fracture, wrong needle, breast avoidance, stillbirth and infantile diarrhea.