He was a famous thinker, educator and founder of Confucianism in ancient China. According to legend, there are 3000 disciples and 72 disciples of saints. Confucius led his disciples around the world 14 years. Confucius is also an ancient literature collator. He edited poetry books, defined rites and music, and prefaced Zhouyi as Chunqiu. Confucius' thoughts and theories have far-reaching influence on later generations.
Confucius himself
In China's 5,000-year history, Confucius has the greatest influence on the Chinese nation's character and temperament. Confucius was an educator, thinker and half politician, but most importantly, he was a noble intellectual. He is upright, optimistic and enterprising, pursuing truth, goodness and beauty all his life and pursuing an ideal society all his life. His success and failure are related to his personality. His character has influenced China people for thousands of years, especially the intellectuals in China.
Angry and forgetful, happy and forgetful.
When Confucius was 63 years old, he once described himself like this: "You forget to eat when you are angry, but forget your worries when you are happy. I don't know that my old age is coming. " At that time, Confucius had led his disciples around the world for nine years and had gone through all the hardships. Not only did he not get the appointment of the governor, but he almost died. But Confucius was not discouraged, still optimistic, stuck to his ideals, and even knew that he could not do it.
Be content with poverty
Confucius said, "Being unjust and rich is like a cloud to me". In Confucius' mind, upholding justice is the highest value of life. When there is a contradiction between rich and poor and morality, he would rather be poor than give up morality. But we can't regard his peace and happiness as not seeking wealth, but seeking to maintain Tao, which is not in line with historical facts. Confucius once said: "Rich and expensive, people want what they want; You can't go anywhere unless you take the main road. Poverty and meanness are disgusting to people; If you don't take the main road, you won't go. " "Money is available, although there are many whips, I can do it. If you can't get it, just do as I say. "
Never tire of learning and never tire of teaching.
Confucius was famous for his eagerness to learn and showed great interest in all kinds of knowledge, so he was versatile and knowledgeable. At that time, he was so famous that he was almost regarded as an omniscient saint, but Confucius himself didn't know it that way. Confucius said, "A saint cannot learn, but never tires of teaching." Confucius learned that there was no teacher. Whoever has knowledge and who doesn't understand will worship him as a teacher. So he said, "A threesome must have a teacher."
Follow the path of integrity-conduct integrity.
Confucius was upright in nature and advocated going straight. He once said, "I treat others, who will ruin my reputation?" If you are famous, you have to try. Simin also, the reason why the three generations went straight. "Historical Records records that Confucius asked Lao Tzu to be polite when he was in his thirties. When he left, Laozi gave a message: "Smart and thorough, close to death, considerate. Those who argue the broad masses are in danger, and those who are evil are also. A son should not have his own, and a minister should not have his own. "This is Lao Tzu's kind reminder to Confucius, and it also points out some shortcomings of Confucius, that is, he looks at the problem too deeply and speaks too sharply, hurting some people with positions and bringing great danger to himself.
help others
Confucius founded the moral theory with benevolence as the core. He is also a kind person, compassionate, helpful, sincere and generous. "Don't do to others what you don't want others to do to you", "A gentleman's adult beauty is not evil", and "Do your best until you die" are all his life principles. Confucius said, "Five out of ten, I am determined to learn; I am thirty years old; Forty without confusion; At the age of fifty, I knew my destiny; I am obedient at the age of sixty; I am still obedient at the age of seventy; I didn't cross the line. " This is Confucius' summary of all stages of his life.
==============================
Lao Zi, surnamed Li, was born in Bo Yang, a native of Chuguoku County (now Luyi County). He lived about 57 1 year to 47 1 year ago and was a Tibetan caretaker in the Zhou Dynasty. Laozi is a great ancient thinker known to our people. The classic Tao Te Ching written by Laozi initiated ancient Chinese philosophy. His philosophical thoughts and the Taoist school he founded not only made important contributions to the development of China's ancient ideology and culture, but also had a far-reaching impact on the development of China's ideology and culture for more than two thousand years. ......
Laozi's thought
1. Laozi's view of inaction between man and nature
People want to imitate heaven, why? In the world, "everything is born without regret, but lives successfully without it", "Those who can live for a long time in heaven and earth can live forever because they are not born by themselves", and everything in heaven grows and educates people, without selfish purposes and requirements of opposing conditions. It is a natural phenomenon that everything is born and destroyed. Since that is heaven itself. However, it is natural for Heaven itself to do so, and there is no other reason to say so. Nature, that is, the sky itself, is the law of course.
Laozi's famous theory of "inaction" is to explain the realm and function of heaven with the word "inaction" according to his own natural principle of heaven. "inaction" and "inaction" are his own reasons for explaining "inaction", not inaction. "Inaction" is the function and function of Tao, although it is "inaction". The "inaction" and "inaction" of Heaven show that it is natural for people to follow the example of heaven and earth, do what they should do, stop what they should do, and reach the standard of true selflessness.
2. Laozi's view of benevolence and righteousness transcends saints.
The behavior of hegemony is called benevolence and righteousness, and the concept of utilitarianism is popular. The theory that the so-called sage is a benevolent casually is not uncommon, and I have to refute it vigorously, which is tantamount to abuse. And he thinks that a true saint, like the heart of heaven and earth, is equal and selfless, has no purpose and conditions, and just does what he wants to do. True saints should also "do nothing" and "do everything"
3. Misunderstanding of Laozi's political thought
On "small country and few people" and "old age and death are not related" In ancient times, "Guo" was still used as the name of a local administrative unit when it was enfeoffed to a certain place, while "Tianxia" refers to what we call the world and the country. "Small country and few people" points out the author's ideal of local autonomy, and "old age and death are not related" shows that everyone in the world needs moral consciousness and autonomy to turn people into customs. "Old age and death don't communicate with each other" is common in modern apartments, especially in a free society ruled by law. It just represents a rational realm of world peace. In addition to local autonomy, moral politics and conscious politics believe that their political ideas about the world (that is, today's country) advocate a unified rule of virtue. For example, he said: "The sky is clear, the land is peaceful, and the princes are loyal to the world."
Laozi was framed as an instigator of conspiracy politics.
"What do you want, you are solid. If you want to be weak, you must be strong. If you want to abolish it, you must lift it. If you want to take it, you must fix it. It's called Twilight. "
Laozi pointed out the causal law of the inevitable law of cosmic physics and human things, and told people that the truth of "Heaven is good" and "Tao's opposition, Tao's movement, Tao's powerlessness, and Tao's use" will eventually fail if we don't proceed from natural morality, but just struggle for power and profit and blackmail.
5. The focus of Laozi's political thought
Tao Jing and Tao Te Ching are separate and inconsistent. Tao is its body, and virtue is its courage. Tao is the focus of self-cultivation, and morality is the focus of life politics.
(1) deplores Machiavellian tactics and advocates being kind to yourself.
(2) The political thoughts of the vassals' founding the country, separatism and local autonomy.
(3) Advocating political unification and moral unification.
(4) complaining about morality.
6. Laozi's academic life-saving and health preservation
(1) The theory of "quietness" based on human hands, that is, self-cultivation returns to the static state of the prototype of life, which conforms to the normal way.
(2) The theory of nourishing the heart from quietness to continuity: people should achieve the achievement of immortality and reach the realm of "Valley God" by nourishing the heart and nature.
(3) Theory of nourishing qi and assisting in nourishing the mind: If a person can cultivate the spirit and soul into one, but not discrete, and achieve a state of being as weak as a baby and washing his heart without leaving any dirt defects, he can reach the realm of "Heaven is open and closed, and Heaven can be a woman".
(4) The essence of trance: trance is not a coma or confusion, but a description of people's thoughts and mental states. It shows that the results of calming the heart and nourishing the spirit are suitable for the cultivation of morality and wine, including all kinds of real situations. If a person's cultivation reaches this level, he can see his belief in the wonderful use of spiritual body with his own grasp.
(5) Achievements in taking care of health: The physical and mental state of the achievers will always be like the state when the baby has not yet become a child, that is, "rejuvenation".
7. Taoist "classics"
"Jing Jing" tries to imitate the Buddhist heart sutra, integrate the teaching thoughts of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, and evaluate the five ancestors of Zen: "Later generations can practice in turn or enter the Tao." The Book of Songs can not only represent Taoism and Taoism, but also be a must-read, if you want to understand the spirit of China culture after the late Tang Dynasty and the integration of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism.
As a cloud:
The old gentleman said: the avenue is invisible, giving birth to heaven and earth. The road is ruthless, and the sun and the moon run. Avenue is nameless, and playthings grow. I don't know its name, so I said it. There are clear and turbid, dynamic and static. The sky is clear and the earth is turbid, the sky is moving and the earth is quiet, the men are clear and the women are turbid, and the men are moving and the women are quiet. Reduce costs and save playthings. The source of turbidity is clarity, and the basis of quietness is movement. People can always be quiet, and the world turns upside down. My wife is so clear-headed, but her heart is uneasy. People are so quiet that they want to take it away. If you can keep getting horny, be quiet. Clear the heart, but clear the heart, six desires are not born, and three poisons are eliminated. So, I can't, because my heart is unclear and I don't want to send it. Those who can send, look inside. The heart has no heart, and the appearance is its shape. Form without its shape, look at its things from a distance. There is nothing in it. All three are enlightened, just empty-minded. Nothing, nothing. Emptiness is enlightenment and nothingness. Nothing is nothing, and Zhan Ran always keeps silent. If you are silent, you cannot live. It's so quiet not to be born. Really responsive, really alive. Always be quiet, always be quiet. Just calm down and gradually enter the truth. When you enter the real Tao, it is called Tao. Although you have a good reputation, you have no income. In order to transform all beings, it is called the way. People who can understand can preach the holy word. The old man said: the staff sergeant does not dispute, but the corporal quarrels. Where there is virtue, there is virtue. Perseverance is immoral. All sentient beings are false, because they can't be true. If you have a false heart, you will be surprised. It not only surprised its gods, but also caught everything. Since everything has been created, there is greed. Greed is trouble. Worry and delusion are still suffering in body and mind. He suffered humiliation and wandered about life and death. Never sink into the ocean of pain, and never twist the road. The truth is true, and enlightened people are complacent. Enlightened people are often quiet.
========================
Mencius
-
In China's long feudal society, Confucianism was in an exclusive position. Tang Xuanzong regarded Confucius as "the king of literature and propaganda"; Song Zhenzong honored him as "the most holy king of Wenxuan" and Yuan Chengzong honored him as "the most holy king of Wenxuan". In the early Qing Dynasty, Confucius was even more famous, and was regarded as "the most holy master of literary selections" by the Qing emperor. Whenever the emperor offered sacrifices to Confucius, there was always a Confucian scholar nearby to enjoy the sacrifice. He also has a lofty title: "Zou Guoya Gong Sheng". Obviously, in the Confucian school, his position is second only to Confucius, and this great scholar is Mencius.
Mencius, whose name is Ke, was born in Zou during the Warring States Period and now in Zoucheng, Shandong Province. Born in about 372 BC, he died in 289 BC. Although he is a descendant of Lu Guizhi, he lost his father since childhood and his family was poor. According to legend, Mencius' mother was very virtuous and worked hard to raise him. In order to create a good neighborhood environment for Mencius, Meng Mu moved three times, and finally found a scholar as a neighbor, which finally made Mencius a great success. In his later years, he returned to his hometown, and together with Zhang Wan and other close students, he "prefaced the book of poems, explained the meaning of Zhong Ni, and wrote seven pieces of Mencius". On the one hand, I sort out and expound Confucian classics, on the other hand, I sort out my own remarks and deeds into books. Today, the most important basis for us to understand and study Mencius' thought is Mencius. Mencius was a famous thinker in ancient China. He was born in China during the transition from slavery to feudalism. He is the representative of Neo-Confucianism, inheriting and developing Confucianism founded by Confucius. He is the second master of Confucianism and is respected as a saint by later generations.
Mencius, a famous guest, was born in Zouxian County, Yu Zi, a thinker, politician and educator in the Warring States Period.
Main points:
1. Politically, put forward the argument that "those who do things govern the people, those who do things govern the people, those who govern the people eat people, and those who govern the people eat people". Put forward the theory that "the people are more valuable than the monarch", and advise the rulers to attach importance to the people and regard the cruel monarch as a "single husband", so that the people can overthrow him. Oppose the annexation by force, and think that only "non-killers" can rule the world. He also strongly advocated "the law should be king first" and "benevolent government", restored the mining system, saved punishment and taxes, and achieved "the people are not hungry and the people are not cold" to ease class contradictions.
Morally-affirming that human nature is good, they all have natural moral consciousness such as benevolence, righteousness, courtesy, wisdom and faith. There are also unique opinions, systematic exposition and specific requirements for benevolence, righteousness, courtesy, wisdom and faithfulness.
3. Pay attention to the influence of environment and education on people. It is believed that "teaching in seclusion is close to an animal", teaching people to pay attention to self-cultivation, self-satisfaction in further study, doing wrong things and asking others instead ",and demanding that" wealth can't be lewd, poverty can't be moved, and powerful people can't bend ".
4. World outlook-Because he overemphasized the subjective spiritual function of human beings, he formed an idealistic theoretical system in Confucian philosophy.
============================
Kurt Sun
Sun Wu (from the end of 6th century BC to the beginning of 5th century BC), also known as Sun Zi, was born in Le 'an, Qi in the Spring and Autumn Period. Great strategist and military theorist. The founder of our military theory. The Art of War, handed down from generation to generation, is the earliest existing art book in China and the earliest art book in the world.
Sun Wu's ancestor was named Guiman, and he was made a monarch by King Zhou (Chen Guo is in the east of Henan Province, a part of Anhui Province, with its capital in Wanqiu, now Huaiyang, Henan Province). In 672 BC, a coup took place in Chen State, and Prince Chen was killed. Chen Wan, the direct ancestor of Sun Wu, was implicated and fled to Qi and came to Qi Huangong.
Qi Huangong saw that Chen Wan was very talented. He was awarded the post of "Wu Gong", the principal official in charge of handicraft affairs. After Chen Wan settled in Qi State, he changed his surname to Tian, and Tian took root in Qi State until he usurped the role of master, and finally changed Jiang's surname to Tian. More than a hundred years later, the Tian family became a big family of Qi, and its status became more and more prominent, and its territory in Qi was also expanding. The fifth Sun Tianshu (Sun Wu's grandfather) completed the field and became a doctor of Qi. Because he led the troops to attack Ju 'an (now Juxian County, Shandong Province), Qi Jinggong gave him a piece of land in Le 'an (the governors gave it to his Qing and doctor, also known as "food city") and gave him his surname. Therefore, Shu Tian is also called Sun Shu. Sun Bin's son, Sun Ping (Sun Wu's father), became the Qing Dynasty of Qi State and the highest official below the monarch of Qi State.
Sun Wu was born in Le 'an, Qi (now Huimin, Shandong) around 535 BC. The exact date of birth and death cannot be verified. Because the aristocratic family provided Sun Wu with a superior learning environment, Sun Wu was able to read the ancient military classic "The Essentials of Military and Political Affairs" and understand the combat experience of the Yellow Emperor's victory over the Four Emperors and the historical facts of Yi Yin, Jiang Shang and Guan Zhong's fighting. In addition, wars were frequent and mergers were fierce. His grandfather and father are both generals who are good at leading troops. He also heard and witnessed some wars since he was a child, which was very important for the military training of young Sun Wu.
However, at that time, there were many internal contradictions and crises in Qi. In the early years of Qi Jinggong, the left seal was the right phase. So Tian, Bao, Luan and Gao joined forces to drive away the breeze. Later, the civil strife intensified, and the contradiction between the Qi government and the four families and the struggle for power and profit between the four families intensified. Sun Wu is extremely disgusted with this internal struggle and doesn't want to get involved. He came up with the idea of going away from home and finding another way to display his talents.
At that time, since Shoumeng became king, the southern State of Wu had been learning from the Central Plains to get rid of the control of Chu and make Qiang Bing rich. Seeing that the rise of Wu could contain Chu and relieve the pressure on the Central Plains, Jin sent people to Wu to teach the Central Plains culture, especially to help Wu reform according to the Central Plains military system, so as to enhance its military strength. Wu also showed great interest in Central Plains civilization. The son of Wu Wang Shou Meng was praised by Confucius as "polite". Sun Wu believes that the State of Wu is the place where he displays his ideal talents and realizes his ambitions. About thirty-one years (5 17 BC), Shandong fled to the southern state of Wu.
After Sun Wu came to the State of Wu, he met Wu Zixu of Chu in the suburbs of Wudu. Wu Zixu, a famous minister of Chu, fled to Wu in 522 BC because his father Wu She and his brother Wu Shang were killed by King Chu Ping. He was determined to attack Chu and avenge his father and brother. After meeting Wu Zixu, Sun Wu became very speculative, became close friends and lived in seclusion. In 5 15 BC, with the help of Wu Zixu, the son of Wu took advantage of the emptiness of the country when Wu attacked Chu, took Zhuan Xu as an assassin, attacked and killed Wu Wangliao and his son Qing Ji, and then made himself king, calling him He Lv.
He Lv is an ambitious man. After he acceded to the throne, he made Li Xian a corporal, and appointed a number of worthy ministers such as Wu Zixu. He sympathized with people's feelings, didn't covet food, didn't listen to lewd music, didn't get close to women, and paid attention to developing production, saving food, building city walls and training troops, thus winning the hearts of the people. Wu presents a thriving scene. He Lu also paid attention to collecting all kinds of talents, determined to make Wu stronger, and sometimes developed into the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, destroying Chu and dominating.
At this time, Wu Zixu recommended Sun Wu, a recluse, to the Prince, introduced his family background, personality and talents, and praised Sun Wu as an unparalleled wizard who can defend his country. The prince of Wu didn't believe it. Wu Zixu repeatedly recommended, seven times a morning, the prince promised to see Sun Wu.
On Thursday (5 16), He Lv, the king of Wu, personally summoned Sun Wu. When Sun Wu met He Lu, he presented his own 13 The Art of War to He Lu one by one. Every time he reads Lu's article, he is amazed. The prince of Wu wanted to test Sun Wu's tactics of fighting, so he said, "I have read thirteen articles on the art of war written by your husband, which are absolutely exquisite. I wonder if your theory can be used in field practice? " Sun Tzu replied, "Of course." He Lu also said, "Can the women in my palace be transferred to practice nearby?" Sun Tzu replied, "Of course." So one hundred and eighty ladies-in-waiting were given to him to practice. Sun Wu organized the ladies-in-waiting into two teams, and he and two of the king's favorite ladies-in-waiting were appointed as the captains of the two teams. Then tell them all to prepare for training with halberds. Sun Wu gave them an order and said, "Do you know your heart, right hand and back?" The maid-in-waiting replied, "Yes!" Sun Wu ordered them to say: "I ordered to go forward, and you will see that your's heart is in the right direction;" To the left, just look at the direction of the right hand; To the right, look at the direction of the left hand, and look back at the direction of the back. "The order was clear and instruments of torture, such as axes and cymbals, were displayed as a warning." Three orders and five applications ",repeatedly explained. So I beat the drum and ordered, "to the right." The ladies-in-waiting all burst out laughing. Sun Wu said: "It is the fault of the generals that the constraints are unknown and the orders are unfamiliar." Explain it several times, then beat the drum and give the order: "Left! The ladies-in-waiting laughed again. Sun Wu said, "It's all the fault of the generals. The military discipline is unclear and the orders are unfamiliar. It's the fault of the captain and the soldiers. These things have been explained, but they don't obey the orders. "To behead two captains. The prince of Wu, watching the battle on the stage, was surprised to see that he was going to behead his beloved Ji. He quickly sent a message: "I already know that the general is good at using troops. Without these two concubines, I can't even eat. I hope I won't kill them. "Sun Wu said," Now I am ordered to be a general. I will be in the army, and your life will not be affected. "So he killed two captains. In turn, the last two were the team leaders, and then they practiced drumming, left and right, stepped forward and stepped back, knelt down and stood up, all of which met the requirements of orders and discipline. Everyone was in awe and no one dared to make any noise. At this time, Sun Wu sent someone to report to King Wu: "The troops have been drilled neatly. Your majesty can try to see them and let him use them, even if he tells them to go through fire and water. "The prince knew that Sun Wu was really good at fighting, and finally named him a general. This incident shows Sun Wu's elegant demeanor and character as a general from one side.
Sun Wu and Wu Zixu * * * assisted He Lv in running the country and the army, and formulated a hegemony strategy based on breaking Chu, then serving the country in the south and then entering the Central Plains. Implement the operational policy of dividing troops to disturb Chu, so that Wu Can can actively compete with Chu. In 5 12 BC (the third year of He Lv, the king of Wu), Wu Jun conquered Zhong You (now the northeast of Suqian, Jiangsu) and Shu (now the west of Lujiang County, Anhui). The king of Wu was ready to attack Chu, and Sun Wu thought that "people can't work." Just a moment, please. Wu Zixu, on the other hand, put forward the strategy of exhausting Chu, suggesting that the army should be divided into three ways, and attack the border of Chu with one army at a time. "If a person goes out, he will come back. If he comes back, he will go out." With this tactic of "exhausted and making mistakes in many ways", the Chu army will be exhausted and the power of Chu will be exhausted. He Lv adopted this idea and harassed Chu for six years in a row, which made the Chu army exhausted and created conditions for a massive attack on Chu (see "Battle for hegemony in Wu Chu"). Sun Wu and Wu Zixu also joined forces with Tang and Cai to attack Chu according to the fact that the King of Chu made Yin Zi greedy and detained Cai Hetang for failing to ask for bribes. Cai and Tang were extremely dissatisfied with the King of Chu. Although Cai and Tang were small countries, they lived on the flank of Chu, which provided favorable conditions for Wu Jun to avoid the front of Chu army and make a far-reaching strategic detour from its flank.
In 506 BC, the conditions for Wu to attack Chu were ripe. Sun Wu and Wu Zixu assisted He Lv in attacking Chu on a large scale, and took the capital Ying (now northwest of Jiangling, Hubei). Wu Jun will enter the vicinity of Jiangling from Suzhou today, and carry out a far-reaching strategic attack more than a thousand miles away. Sun Wu and others helped He Lv make an unexpected marching route for Chu, that is, from the upper reaches of Huaihe River to the west, and then landed in Huaiyou (now northwest of Huangchuan, Henan Province), and then used the weak gap in the northern border of Chu Army to head for Hanshui River from the famous Yiyang Pass, namely Wuyang Pass, Jiuliguan Pass and Pingjingguan Pass. According to this marching route, Wu Jun successfully reached Hanshui and reached the hinterland of Chu. Chu Jun organized defense along the Hanshui River and confronted Wu Jun across the water. Because the commander-in-chief of the Chu army made Yin Zi often change the scheduled battle plan for attacking Wu Jun without authorization, in order to win credit, he led the army to cross the Hanshui River alone to attack Wu Jun, and the result was a crushing defeat in Baiju (now Hanchuan North, Hubei Province) (see the Battle of Baiju). After 56 times of 56-point thrashing and 5 wins in 5 wars, Wu Jun occupied Yong City, the capital of Chu State, and nearly destroyed Chu State.
Sun Wu also played an important role in the hegemony between Wu Wang and Qi Jin. Therefore, the history books record that Wu "marched to Chu in the west, entered Ying, Jin and Jin in the north, became a famous minister, and Sun was powerful."
Since then, Sun Wu has lived in seclusion.
Sun Wu's The Art of War is not only the earliest military book in China, but also an unprecedented height in military theory, which is the crystallization of national wisdom in military philosophy. The Military Thought of Sun Tzu's Art of War is rich and profound, which first involves the overall situation of war. It believes that "war is a national event", and the victory or defeat of war is not determined by ghosts and gods, but by many factors such as politics, economy, weather, geographical location and personnel. Pay special attention to the "people" attitude towards the war, advocate improving politics, benefit the people, and win the hearts of the people with the method of paying more attention to taxes. It puts forward the guiding ideology of "winning first, then plotting" and "conquering the enemy without fighting" in the military history of China and the world, and summarizes the general military law of "know yourself and know yourself, and win every battle" for the first time. Pay attention to the comprehensive analysis of the contradictory parties, such as enemy and ourselves, being outnumbered, strength, reality, attack and defense, advance and retreat, and singularity, and sum up some guiding principles that still have research value today, such as "winning by surprise with the right combination", "winning by surprise" and "winning by enemy", which have simple materialist dialectical factors.
Sun Tzu's Art of War laid the foundation of China's ancient military science and had a wide and far-reaching influence on later generations. In the Northern Song Dynasty, Sun Tzu's Art of War was listed as the first of the seven military classics, and it was known as the "sacred book of military studies" or "military classics". Sun Wu also became the originator of China's ancient military strategy, and was praised as a "soldier saint" by later generations. It not only influenced China, but also was translated into English, French, German, Japanese and other languages, becoming the most famous model of military science in the world. Sun Tzu's art of war is not only used in the military field, but also widely used in all fields of society, especially in enterprise management.
As long as Sun Tzu's Art of War exists, all the great art books in the world can only be second-rate.
Hiding in Wu, he wrote the art of war.
Sun Wu, whose real name is Changqing, was called grandson and Sun Wuzi by later generations. He was born around 535 BC.
The exact date of birth and death of Le 'an in Qi State (now Huimin in Shandong Province) is unknown, so it cannot be verified. Sun Wu's ancestor's name is Guiman.
He was canonized by the Zhou Emperor as the monarch (Chen Guo is now a part of eastern Henan and Anhui, and Wanqiu is its capital, today).
Huaiyang, Henan). Later, due to a coup in Chen State, Sun Wu's immediate distant ancestor completed his portable family.
Flee to qi, defect. Qi Huangong knew that Chen Gongzi was young and promising, and appointed him as the head.
Manage the integrity of everything. After Gui settled in Qi, Gui changed his surname to Tian, so it was also called Tian.
It's done. More than a hundred years later, the Tian family became a big family of Qi, and its status became more and more prominent.
The territory of Qi is also expanding. Tianwan's fifth Sun Tianshu became a doctor of Qi, and he was very military.
Talent, because led the troops to cut Ju (now Juxian County, Shandong Province), gave him a piece of land in Le 'an (Zhu).
After the wind, Yi Tian, his minister and doctor, also known as "fief" and "food city", was regarded as a world heritage and given their surnames.
Sun Shi. Trapped here, Shu Tian is also known as Sun Shu. Sun Bin's son, Sun Ping, became the Qing of Qi and became Qi.
An official of the highest rank below the monarch. Sun Ping is Sun Wu's father.
Because the aristocratic family provided Sun Wu with a superior learning environment, Sun Wu was able to read ancient military classics.
"Military and political affairs", to understand the battle experience of the Yellow Emperor's victory over the Four Emperors and the historical facts of the battles between Yi Yin, Jiang Taigong and Guan Zhong.
Coupled with frequent wars and fierce mergers at that time, his grandfather and father were both generals who were good at leading troops.
He has heard and witnessed some wars since he was a child, which is very important for the military training of young Sun Wu.
. However, the Qi State where Sun Wu lived was full of contradictions and crises. In the early years, the left handle was sealed.
Cui Jue on the right. So Tian, Bao, Luan and Gao joined forces to drive away the breeze. then
The civil strife is becoming more and more serious, and there are many contradictions between Qi and the four families, and the four families compete for power and profit.
The struggle intensified. Sun Wu was so disgusted with this internal struggle that he didn't want to get involved, so he had the idea of running away.
The idea of going abroad to find another way out and display your talents. At that time, since Shoumeng became king, the southern State of Wu was unified.
Jin attack Chu, the country is strong, a new atmosphere. Sun Wu thinks Wu is the display and realization of his ideal.
Ambitious place. Around the 31st year of Qi Jinggong (5 17 BC), Sun Wu 18 years old.
When I was young, I resolutely left Le 'an, bid farewell to Qi, and traveled long distances to Wu. Sun Wu lived all his life.
His career started in the State of Wu, and he was buried in the State of Wu after his death. Therefore, Wu Yue Chun Qiu and Lu Chuan called Sun Wu.
For "Wu people".
After Sun Wu came to the State of Wu, he met Wu Zixu of the State of Chu on the outskirts of Wudu (now Suzhou).
. Wu Zixu, a famous minister of Chu, was killed by King Chu Ping in 522 BC because of his father Wu She and his brother Wu Shang.
And then fled to Wu. He was determined to attack Chu and avenge his father and brother. After Sun Wu knew Wu Zixu, he was very speculative.
Become close friends. At this time, the situation in Wu was also turbulent, so the two men lived in seclusion and stood by.
In 5 15 BC, Qi Huangong took advantage of Wu's attack on Chu and took Zhuan Xu as a thorn.
Guest, attack and kill Wu Wangliao, and then self-reliance as king, said why Lu. After He Lv acceded to the throne, he was named corporal and appointed Wu.
Zi Xu and a group of wise ministers are sympathetic to the people's feelings, not greedy for food, not listening to lewd music, not feminine, and paying attention to development.
Production, saving grain, building city walls and training won the hearts of the people, and the state of Wu showed a thriving trend.
A scene of prosperity. He also paid attention to collecting all kinds of talents, determined to make Wu stronger, and sometimes went to the Yangtze River.
Mid-stream development, Chu hegemony. Sun Wu, who lives in seclusion on the outskirts of Wudu, sees his future more clearly. He is hiding.
Living on the land, while irrigating the garden and farming, I wrote Sun Tzu's Art of War and asked Wu Zixu to introduce himself. Finally, Sun Wu wrote
Ok, 13 The Art of War. This 13 art of war is all about how to defeat the enemy.
It has become a rigorous system.
===================
Han Feizi's thoughts
Han Feizi studied Xun, but he put forward a new view that Xu Duo surpassed Confucianism, and wrote many works. He was a representative figure of Legalists in the Warring States Period.
Han Feizi told many stories about the past, which is a systematic exposition of the legal theory of law, art and potential. His works always sum up the gains and losses of kings of past dynasties, and express his support and opinions, such as Lonely Anger, Five Cheats, Inside and Outside Stories, etc. Among them, self-contradiction and waiting for him are interesting anecdotes.
Legalists believe that:
1. Heaven can't decide man's fate, but man can conquer nature.
Second, people should not violate the rules and regulations of nature, but should use the sky as a thing.
Third, if the country wants to be rich and strong, it must rely on farming and war. Farming is to improve agricultural production, and fighting is to strengthen and prepare for war.
Fourth, the rule of law is more suitable for the current social clubs than the rule of virtue. Because the development of the fraternity has changed, everything has changed, and this specific measure has to change.
Five, the rule of law, law, law, let everyone know, and resolutely implement. It is the way for the monarch to control the ministers, and it is the supreme power and prestige of the monarch.
References:
/question/4708303.html