Rehabilitation treatment of cerebral infarction is the most effective way to reduce disability. How to carry out rehabilitation treatment? First, good limb posture, posture transfer and joint range of motion training in the early stage of cerebral infarction encourage the affected side (hemiplegia side) to lie flat, and the healthy side to lie flat, use supine position as little as possible, maintain a correct sitting posture, and avoid semi-lying position. With the help of nurses or family members, gradually carry out posture transfer training, for example, from bed to chair. Bedridden patients should adhere to the training of limb joint mobility, that is, helping others or themselves to lift their hands and feet. Second, early standing and walking rehabilitation training for cerebral infarction Patients with cerebral infarction hemiplegia should get out of bed as soon as possible after their condition is stable, and carry out standing and walking rehabilitation training with the aid of instruments. Patients with hemiplegia due to cerebral infarction should actively carry out anti-gravity muscle training, weight-bearing support training of the affected lower limbs, walking training of the affected lower limbs and standing center of gravity transfer training in the early stage, so as to acquire walking ability as soon as possible.
Third, the muscle strength training after cerebral infarction should pay attention to the muscle strength training of paralyzed muscles in the early stage of cerebral infarction. Progressive resistance training and interactive muscle strength strengthening training can improve the function of paralyzed limbs after cerebral infarction. Functional electrical stimulation therapy, EMG biofeedback therapy and routine rehabilitation therapy can improve the muscle strength and function of paralyzed limbs. Fourth, the change of muscle tone and the rehabilitation of spasm after cerebral infarction (refers to the increase of muscle tone) should be treated from the early onset, and the principle of treating spasm should be to improve the functional ability of patients. Anti-spasmodic limb and joint mobility training, spasmodic muscle relaxation and stretching, splint therapy and other methods can alleviate limb spasms. When spasm affects limb function, oral anticonvulsants such as baclofen and tizanidine can be used. When local limb muscle spasm seriously affects the function, it is suggested to use local injection of botulinum toxin A to reduce the degree of upper and lower limb spasm and improve limb function. V. Suggestions on early language rehabilitation after cerebral infarction Speech therapists should evaluate patients with cerebral infarction who have communication difficulties from listening, speaking, reading, writing and retelling, and treat phonetic and semantic obstacles in a targeted manner. Give patients simple instruction training, oral and facial muscle pronunciation imitation training and retelling training. Patients with severe oral comprehension difficulties can try to communicate with each other through reading, writing or communication boards. Sixth, the rehabilitation of swallowing function after cerebral infarction First, the swallowing function was tested and the drinking water experiment was done (drink a small glass of water to see if there is a cough). Patients with dysphagia were trained in laryngeal muscles, ice stimulation and neuromuscular electrical stimulation.
Seven, establish confidence, active treatment to encourage patients to face the current situation of cerebral infarction, optimistic attitude, actively cooperate with rehabilitation treatment, active training, according to one's ability, which has a good role in promoting the recovery of limb function.
Conclusion The rehabilitation of cerebral infarction is a complicated process. If patients miss intravenous thrombolysis or intravascular embolectomy, leaving limb dysfunction, limb recovery in the later stage needs a gradual process, which cannot be achieved overnight. I have witnessed many patients who took the initiative to take rehabilitation exercises, and later they can take care of themselves. I have also seen that they had the opportunity to take care of themselves, but they did not take the initiative to cooperate with rehabilitation training, and then stayed in bed. It's really the same disease but different lives! As a doctor, you must study science with a professional and scientific attitude, and you must never mislead everyone. It is unrealistic to say that you can completely recover from paralysis by taking a few pairs of medicine or doing some training in a short time. Because the death of brain cells is non-renewable (one is dead and the other is missing), there must be sequelae of cerebral infarction, but it is more or less a problem.
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1, China guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of acute ischemic stroke 20 18 2, China guidelines for rehabilitation treatment of stroke 20 18. The key is to have a good mood. People with cerebral infarction are depressed. If you have a positive person who loves life, cooperate with doctors to take medicine on time, exercise actively and stay optimistic, you will get better in a year or less. 19 17 got a cerebral infarction, and he was paralyzed at that time. Now I can do everything, and I haven't touched a car for more than 20 years. Now you can drive everywhere, and the indicators are normal. I feel much better than when I was in my forties. Many diseases have disappeared. I used to be a fat man weighing more than 280 Jin. I lost weight under the guidance of a doctor. Now I have lost 170 kilograms, lost 100 kilograms. Now my body is relaxed. I still take medicine on time and actively cooperate with the doctor to exercise. The treatment of symptoms after cerebral infarction is different. According to many years' experience in rehabilitation, the following points are briefly summarized: 1, there is no limb or speech or swallowing dysfunction caused by lacunar cerebral infarction or small focal cerebral infarction, and normal work and life will not be affected after discharge by controlling blood pressure and blood lipid according to the doctor's advice and exercising properly. Attention should be paid to changing past living habits to prevent recurrence. 2. After acute clinical treatment, the limb function is normal, that is, it can do movements, but the strength is weakened, and one party feels that the other party has no strength. Strengthen strength training and control basic diseases. 3. Dysfunction occurs after acute phase, such as loss of function of one limb, choking when drinking water, language disorder, etc. This requires rehabilitation in a regular rehabilitation institution to improve the functional state to the greatest extent. At present, the technology is mature and the effect is reliable. 4. Sequela period: After systematic rehabilitation, there are still some functional disorders that need family rehabilitation. According to the family rehabilitation method designed by the therapist when he was discharged from hospital, he insisted on training and paid attention to safety protection to prevent falling and fracture. 5. Patients with multiple cerebral infarction, complete paralysis and bedridden need to strengthen nursing and carry out passive activities of limbs to prevent joint contracture and muscle atrophy. Turn over and buckle your back frequently to prevent bedsore, respiratory system and urinary system infection. It is possible to let them sit or stand passively for a period of time every day, which can improve their quality of life. Everyone must have heard of the prestige of cerebral infarction. Also known as ischemic stroke in medicine, it refers to a disease in which the blood supply to the brain is damaged due to various reasons, resulting in ischemic necrosis of brain tissue, and then symptoms such as inability to speak, inability to walk, mouth and eyes askew, numbness of limbs, etc. Because many people suffer from this disease, their self-care ability will decline, which will lead to a decline in the quality of life of patients and bring a heavy burden to families and society.
Many people may have questions about cerebral infarction: Can it be completely restored to normal after treatment? This actually depends on many aspects, and the most important thing is whether the treatment is timely. If the time from the discovery of cerebral infarction to timely treatment is less than 6 hours, then a person is likely to return to normal through appropriate treatment. However, if the treatment time has exceeded 6 hours, it is likely to leave some sequelae. Our brain cells are different from those in other places. When they die, it's hard to regenerate. Therefore, people who have had a cerebral infarction in reality have sequelae, and they will be like that all their lives and will not get lighter. What should I do after cerebral infarction? The doctor's kind words today will answer this question for you. 1. Send to the hospital for regular treatment as soon as possible: The sooner you find cerebral infarction, the sooner you send it to the hospital, the better the treatment effect. Otherwise, the brain cells will die, and no one can return to the sky. After the patient arrives, only those brain cells that are not dead can be rescued, and the dead brain cells can never be rescued. This is just like the crops grown in our family. Those crops that have died of drought can't survive no matter how watered, and those crops with drooping leaves still have a chance to return to normal.
During hospitalization, patients' families should pay attention to assisting patients in functional exercise. It may be difficult, but they must stick to it. If you can't do those functional exercises, you can also ask a doctor or nurse to help you and let your family study hard. Because the first three months of cerebral infarction are very important, if functional exercise is proper, it is very likely to improve the self-care ability of patients. Patients will definitely feel depressed during hospitalization, and may have unacceptable phenomena because they can't talk and walk. Their families should communicate with patients more, enhance their self-confidence and actively cooperate with doctors to achieve the best results. 2. Pay attention to a light diet: Patients with cerebral infarction should try to eat a low-salt, low-fat, low-sugar and low-energy diet after discharge. Control the total amount of salt eaten every day at 6g, and do not eat greasy food such as fried or fried animal offal, and do not eat sweets or sweets. Control the eating for 8 minutes. The intake of vegetables and fruits can be increased appropriately, because on the one hand, it can supplement enough nutrition for the human body, and the vitamins and antioxidants contained in it can protect blood vessels and help patients recover. At the same time, we should pay attention to supplement some high-quality protein, such as eggs, fish and beef. 3. Take medicine on time:
Many patients with cerebral infarction may have many diseases before they get cerebral infarction, such as hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia and so on. They should take medicine on time and actively control these diseases, otherwise the risk of recurrence of cerebral infarction in the future is still relatively high. After discharge, if there are no contraindications, aspirin and statins need to be taken orally for a long time, because compared with normal people, patients with cerebral infarction have a greater risk of cerebral infarction recurrence, and each cerebral infarction attack is aggravated. 4. Insist on exercise: Patients with cerebral infarction should try to do some exercise after discharge, which is also conducive to the recovery of limb function. Moreover, exercise can also promote blood circulation and metabolism, which is conducive to reducing the risk of another cerebral infarction. Exercise needs long-term persistence. You should exercise for 30 to 45 minutes every day. Try to choose some aerobic exercise. If it is really inconvenient to exercise, let your family help you. 5. Others: mainly including quitting smoking and drinking, keeping a good attitude, keeping your body mass index of 24, and ensuring adequate sleep. First of all, in short, correct treatment and nursing are very necessary. Only in this way can we ensure the most basic life safety of patients, ensure that the condition does not deteriorate further and ensure the elimination of complications. Therefore, for patients with cerebral infarction, we must follow the correct doctor's advice, review regularly, actively improve their physical condition, reduce the previous wrong concept of life, and reduce the recurrence factors. Secondly, talk about the participation of patients' families. Most people are relatively depressed after cerebral infarction. At this time, they need their families to form a positive and optimistic attitude with him, encourage him to exercise and urge him to carry out further treatment, so as to maintain the overall recovery more effectively. Finally, it is decisive to pay attention to the participation of patients. There are many kinds of patients' participation. It can be roughly divided into two types, one is passive participation, and the other is active participation. Passive participation is actually the treatment process of doctors and nurses for the whole disease, which belongs to a state of passive acceptance. Although he can take the initiative to choose what kind of treatment scheme to adopt, he is also in a state of passive acceptance in concrete implementation. For example, what kind of infusion bag, what kind of rehabilitation, what kind of surgery and so on. In fact, this aspect mainly depends on the participation of doctors and nurses. Active participation is his subjective initiative, which contains relatively many factors. The first is his mentality. Many sick people are depressed. Whether he can get a positive adjustment and whether his family and friends around him can give him a very good attitude is very important. Clinically, I have also met some people who cooperate with treatment and take the initiative to exercise, and often such people have a good prognosis in the later stage. I have also seen some people who resist sports and cry every day. Such people also have poor recovery in the later stage. Thirdly, it is also important whether his willpower can persist. In fact, the method of rehabilitation is very professional and needs the participation of many people, not only surgeons, physicians, rehabilitation therapists, nurses and so on. As our doctor and nurse, he has taught some methods, and the hospitalization time is very short compared with the whole rehabilitation. Only by learning some methods and then continuing to persist in the later stage can we recover better. Therefore, as patients themselves, it is very important to teach many rehabilitation methods and whether they can stick to them. Some people may persist for five years, 10 years, so they recover well in the later period. Some people may only persist for a week or two, and then break the jar and fall. Such people do not recover well in the later period. Thirdly, it is a question of concept, which has a lot to do with doctors and nurses, and of course it also has a lot to do with patients' ideas. The country has three levels of diagnosis and treatment, and each level of hospital has its own level. If patients just want to maintain the status quo and hate the trouble of seeing a doctor, they can go to a relatively small hospital. In this kind of hospital, his concept is relatively backward and he can only maintain the status quo. And if a patient wants to recover better and has the ability to go to a big hospital for treatment, then it is very meaningful for the overall treatment of cerebral infarction to go to a top three hospital for active treatment. Because many times the concept of treatment is very different. Therefore, there are many ways to recover, and I also mentioned in the article where to recover better, so after understanding these things, your mind will know more about what I should do. I wish you all good health! Cerebral infarction is the abbreviation of cerebral infarction, which is clinically called cerebral infarction. Cerebral infarction is an acute ischemic cerebrovascular disease and a common and frequently-occurring disease in neurology. Most of them occur in middle-aged and elderly people. The clinical manifestations of patients with cerebral infarction are varied, depending on the location of the lesion and the size of the infarction. The main clinical manifestations are sudden syncope, unconsciousness, hemiplegia, speech disorder and mental retardation. In terms of treatment, it is mainly the general treatment in acute phase. The principle of treatment is to improve the blood circulation in the cerebral ischemia area as soon as possible and promote the recovery of nerve function. As well as the treatment of brain edema and thrombolytic therapy in acute stage. These levels are completed by experts. The maintenance of life is also an important aspect of patients' recovery, so I mainly talk about what patients can do in life to promote the recovery of their illness. First, regular diet, it is recommended to eat less salt and high fat, light diet, and eat more fruits and vegetables appropriately. In addition, diabetics also need to pay attention to diet control. Second, timely follow-up, discovery and control of high-risk factors such as hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia and hypertension. Third, put an end to smoking and drinking. Fourth, the law of work and rest, do not stay up late. 5. Recover and exercise as soon as possible under the guidance of a doctor. Severe paralysis needs the help of family members to move their limbs, and bedridden people should turn over regularly. Appropriate exercise, it is recommended to make a reasonable exercise plan under the guidance of a professional doctor. Six, according to the doctor's advice on time and quantity, don't just increase the dosage. Cerebral infarction is not a rare disease for the elderly with basic diseases such as hypertension and hyperlipidemia. If an accident of cerebral infarction happens to you and you are lucky enough to save your life, then you will face the problem of recovery after cerebral infarction and how to prevent the recurrence of cerebral infarction. I think we should pay attention to the following aspects.
What should I do after I have a cerebral infarction? After getting a cerebral infarction, the first thing is of course to send it to the hospital for active treatment. It is recommended to go to a larger general hospital, which generally has a stroke center, which can solve the obstruction in the fastest time, reduce brain damage and preserve the function as much as possible. Many people still have various complications after being treated in the hospital, such as inflexible legs and feet, poor speech, weakness and numbness of arms and so on.
For the sequelae after cerebral infarction, we should actively carry out functional recovery training to help patients recover their functions, regain their confidence and reintegrate into life as much as possible. For patients themselves, we should have a good attitude. Even with a cerebral infarction, many people can still live well, but they still have to live well. For family members, more encouragement, more comfort and more companionship are the greatest support for patients. For patients with cerebral infarction, it is necessary to adjust blood pressure and blood lipid to avoid the recurrence of cerebral infarction, and the mortality rate of recurrent cerebral infarction is relatively high. Pay attention to a low-salt and low-fat diet, quit smoking and drinking, take antihypertensive and lipid-lowering drugs regularly, maintain emotional stability, and don't get angry easily. Self-discipline is a good medicine to avoid recurrence of cerebral infarction. Cerebral infarction is the most common cerebrovascular disease, which often occurs in middle-aged and elderly people. The occurrence of cerebral infarction is related to many factors, which seriously threatens the life and health of patients, and high-risk groups should pay attention to prevention.
How should patients with cerebral infarction recover? After cerebral infarction, even after treatment, patients often leave serious sequelae and interfere with their quality of life. Sequelae are generally hemiplegia and aphasia, and many patients can't take care of themselves. Timely rehabilitation treatment is very important to reduce the degree of disability and maximize the quality of life of patients.
1. Follow-up treatment: After the acute phase, the existing pathological factors still exist and the blood vessels are still blocked, so the risk of recurrence is high. For patients, even after discharge, they still need to adhere to the follow-up drug treatment and need regular review. The drug treatment of patients should include the treatment of primary diseases, such as lipid-lowering drugs and antihypertensive drugs; Anti-platelet aggregation drugs prevent thrombosis; Statins can stabilize plaque and delay the development of atherosclerosis. 2. Active rehabilitation exercise: timely and effective rehabilitation exercise is the key to reduce the sequelae of patients and improve the quality of life. Rehabilitation exercise should be done step by step, not too hastily. Generally speaking, patients can start to exercise after discharge, and with the help of their families, they will start from passive activities, such as massage, turning over and lying down, and gradually transition to active activities, such as getting up, sitting up and walking. Until they can recover their self-care ability as much as possible. Language training should also pay attention to patience. During the period of rehabilitation, patients must pay attention to maintaining an optimistic attitude and avoid negative emotions such as emotional excitement and anxiety. 3. Healthy lifestyle: After patients recover their self-care ability, they must pay attention to developing good living habits while insisting on treatment. Pay attention to a light and digestible diet, eat less foods high in fat, calories, salt and sugar, and eat more fruits and vegetables and coarse grains rich in dietary fiber to avoid overeating and overeating; Pay attention to moderate exercise, mainly moderate and low-intensity aerobic exercise, and insist on exercise; Pay attention to emotional management and avoid negative emotions such as anger, excitement, excitement, anxiety and tension; Pay attention to strictly quitting smoking and drinking; Pay attention to the combination of work and rest, ensure adequate sleep, and avoid overwork and staying up late; Pay attention to weather changes to prevent cold stimulation; Pay attention to prevent constipation and prevent overexertion. The most important thing after cerebral infarction is "early", that is, early treatment. Its prognosis is closely related to whether it is treated in time. It is recognized as the "golden treatment time" within 6 hours of onset, otherwise it will not only have serious sequelae, but also endanger life. Get through the dangerous period and enter the recovery period, and you should take practical action! In contrast, at this time, life has been saved, but treatment must also be carried out in time. It used to be for longevity, but now it's for disability. Six hours after onset is the "golden first aid time", and six months after stabilization is also the "golden recovery time". Although it can't be said that the patient can't be cured within half a year or more, the first six months are really the golden time for the patient to recover, which can be said to be twice the result with half the effort in a sense.
Cerebral infarction, also known as ischemic stroke, can better represent its pathogenesis. The area where the patient is responsible for the corresponding function is necrotic due to insufficient blood perfusion, and naturally a series of abnormal symptoms will appear, but this necrosis takes time. Although cells are very fragile and will die if they are not supplied with energy for a few minutes, our blood oxygen is in stock and can only last for a few hours. At this stage, as long as the blood supply can be restored in time, then brain cells can be reborn. If the blood supply is not restored in time, it will be in trouble. Because of the different regions, ages, sizes and time of patients with cerebral infarction, the sequelae are also different. Vision loss, deafness, tinnitus, mouth-eye deviation, aphasia and hemiplegia may occur. Some symptoms may lead to the death of patients and seriously affect the quality of life. This is also the reason why we say that cerebral infarction is disabling. So how should we recover, eliminate sequelae and return to a healthy life? First of all, I must emphasize that at this time, the purpose of treatment of patients must be changed, and it is necessary to change from cure to rehabilitation. Although it seems to be the same, the concept and difficulty are completely different. No doctor dares to give a guarantee, because the number of brain cells in patients is different. If they die, they will die and cannot be reborn.
Patients must improve their eating habits, eat less high-salt and high-fat foods, and take aspirin and statins regularly. If there are other problems, we should also increase or decrease drugs according to the situation. Their role is not to reverse the disease, but to prevent the second recurrence of cerebral infarction. This applies to all patients with cerebral infarction, and doctors must emphasize and demand it after discharge. Therefore, for the treatment of sequelae, in addition to the rehabilitation training of patients and their families day and night, we also need to consider the root cause (nerves and cells in the brain region). Take patients with sequelae of limb movement disorder as an example. The reason is that the area responsible for exercise is necrotic, and the cells that should have worked hard are gone. Then no one will continue this part of the work, and naturally there will be anomalies, but this statement is actually relatively elementary. If at a specific point, such as when we are doing something, it is impossible to activate only one area, but many areas will be activated at the same time. This means that even the most basic thinking needs to work together, which actually depends on a wide range of neural network systems, which means that besides cells, nerves are also crucial. There are many dormant cells in our body, which we can understand as reserve personnel. When the corresponding nerve cells are necrotic, we can completely activate the dormant nerve cells through scientific means, so that the sequelae of patients can be alleviated or even disappeared.