Narrative, it can be said that it is the first time that we come into contact with the same style, and it is also the first time that we write a narrative. It seems that anyone can write, but the narrative is easy to do. We regret to find that many students have various problems, and these problems are universal.
This story is out of date. The writing teacher will burn the midnight oil to grade the rainy days, and we will deliver them to the door; It is always better to write that parents always take us through the snow to see a doctor, and it is always better to write about friends at first, and then a misunderstanding, in the last voice. Dear students, this is a modern society. Don't let the popularity of the 1980s rule our minds, others are boring to eat steamed bread. The first person who ate crabs was great, and later imitators often fell into the criminal suspicion of "learning from the East".
Second, the shaping of character patterns. China is a great and beautiful language, and China has too many words to be described by adjectives. It's a pity that most of our students feel perfect and lack real feelings when writing. My mother has always been, has always been strict father, and teachers always care about incomplete and defective people.
Writing ability needs to be improved. (1) The lack of description of the characters makes their appearance shriveled. (2) The narrative is too dull, devoid of emotion and lack of athletic ability. Even if she is moved by herself, there is no way to move others. (3) the expression is too monotonous, plain narrative, such as water, insipid.
To sum up these problems, we must prescribe the right medicine. Now we are writing a class composition. What is the focus? Try to create and write a good composition after class, but this kind of effort is the first step of the road we should take.
The first step: extra-curricular efforts
Students can find that general articles are well written, and students like the habit of reading excerpts. As the saying goes, "Rome is not a day" makes sense. We will find that it is wrong to think that life is dull and there is nothing to write about. Life is not dull, even extraordinary. There are many subtle things that shock you and make your mood fluctuate. We feel that life is dull only because of lack of observation and a little reflection. More often, even if there are such tricks around us, we often let go of good materials because we have no recording habits. Besides, in real life, we can get inspiration from other people's articles and see how others portray characters for reference. Other people who have written can also be used as a character template. You people think that even the object can be one of the people who are impressed by reading, because it meets the requirements of the topic and the novel with truth is not inferior to the real effect. In short:
Observe life, and mind.
Portable laptop, a little inspiration, any move you make, a moment that shocks you.
3。 The role of imitation describes reading and the materials learned from reading.
Step 2: Determine the center.
When writing an article, students generally choose people they are familiar with, and then choose one of them, which is not a problem, but will become a problem. How to describe this person is clear, and it is not enough to follow our rigid wording. People are usually written to show the character of some excellent people at a deeper level? Pay tribute or criticize this person to express this personal memory. Perhaps this description of personality reflects the social background to a small extent, such as Kong Yiji. Therefore, when we write a narrative, we can establish several centers:
1, individual expression of some personality traits;
2, praise or key quality characteristics;
3. Remember my contact person and express my memory to him;
4. By describing the performance of a specific person and a group of people in this society, they have the same characteristics as him and reflect the social background.
Generally speaking, we chose the first three centers and the fourth center. If it can be written, it will be brilliant, but because the theme is bigger, it is difficult to grasp.
The third step is to determine a few people and a few things.
Written narration can be divided into two groups: writing about a single person and writing about two groups. Write a personal question or a lot of things, write it. Article writing groups, such as "Who is the cutest person", are actually a group of * * *, and we do not advocate writing groups. Other modes are different, but we should also pay attention to the key points.
( 1)
It is necessary to express a person through a complete narrative, concrete and vivid. Therefore, we should choose the typical events that can best express the character's character, and choose the events that best meet our deepest impression and the things that can impress people in this situation, and ask for this number or multiple characteristics. The most typical feature of this person's performance is to show it slowly. Just like our photography, the lens slowly advances and the characters gradually plump up in the narrative.
A busy day
The number of words required for narrative writing in junior high school is 600, and there is a limit to writing more than one thing. Usually, there are two or three things over 45, so the article is very annoying, because there are too many things to write, so I can only rush by. This article needs appropriate details and paragraphs to complement each other. Writing a lot of things usually represents people with different angles and characteristics; Of course, it is not excluded to use several interrelated things to write a person's typical characteristics in one aspect.
(3) Two articles
It is usually for the friendship between two men or people to reflect a new relationship. To write such a link, we should recognize their dominant position in the times and realize that the two characters should set off each other and influence each other.
Speaking of this step, we only wrote a few people. How to write, write the key points, and it should be convenient to really start writing about danger. Please look forward to the next time, we will discuss how to start a formal pen.
The fourth step: moderation.
The theme of moderation is old-fashioned, but we still emphasize that because many students have made irrelevant mistakes, patience lies in our students' lack of moderation and correct moderation. The correct adjustment should do three things:
1, first look at the requirements of the theme to write or write something. The narrative focus of the article to be written is to express the characters and specific things. If writing an article, people only highlight the theme mainly through the protagonist of the complete event.
2. Look at the theme defined in the scope. Limited titles may write what, when and where people. As the definition of "consultant", the first person must be used; People around you asked to write some materials. Some materials need to be written at school and at home, which have different performances. Some topics are "the change of father requires you to write a different look of your father in the past and now."
3. Main topic. The so-called eye title is the key word in the index question. For example, an article called "My favorite person has a problem with his eyes, and I like it". How much I like such a man, I can write a lot without ink, and I like and worship a different emotion. "Grandma's smile" is a smile with eyes problems.
Step five:
Producers have different requirements, and writers describe the theme. Of course, the most important proposition or semi-proposition may be the maker's general. The title of the article is window, which is a good theme. It can add a lot of color to the article. This is a good narrative theme. Write it out?
1, we usually write artificial titles, so you can understand the titles written by your people at a glance, and you can add some modifications. The main feature of writing is that these people are "lovely fathers" or write to me saying that their feelings are "unforgettable", while "I" is basically talking about the wrong person.
2. If you publish the titles of their personal expressions that emphasize these subjective feelings, "My dear …" and "Let me move".
3. If you want them to emphasize in their articles that in the process of change, you can write "He has changed", "Zhang Xiaobao's new story" and "The prodigal son never changes his money".
If we emphasize the relationship and communication between two people, we can write "the days we walked together", "the best friend" and "the friendship we will never forget". Articles.
There are various digital angles, such as "Lei Feng around me", "Teacher, listen to me-"and "He is good", such as "I know him best." Here we are just talking about the traditional setter method? In order to prevent students from seeking novelty and novelty, and the topic of the final text is harmful. Innovation is a smart school network, which has done many special topics and continuously asked others to pay attention.
Step 6: Choose
We mentioned that the former students were choosing the same question. It can be said that they chose to write a narrative of Kaner people. Many students belong here. The innovative choice we are talking about is not only for shaping a perfect figure. Of course, choosing to focus on innovation does not mean depicting the dark side of society. Generally speaking, our article is positive. The class teacher hates that kind of big, empty but unrealistic material, such as writing about his father taking me to the hospital by bike. Such a thing is almost impossible to happen in 2 1 century. So, how do we make our choice?
1, write small details of life. Writing about their parents is actually the easiest. In daily life, it is very convenient to pay attention to playing. Details of life can be found in endless sources. Father waits for you to go home for dinner in the study room every day, or to get rid of a pregnancy problem; Mother sometimes nags, but you love your sister. The seemingly casual things are actually included. The love of parents, no matter who we write, can be considered from some small details of life and then described.
2, writing, to reflect the search of the new era, collect money, write a useful, please get rid of the old copy number, understand the ever-changing times. When comparing new people and new things every day, do all aspects of people around you also happen in their own childhood? For example, how to change the sense of competition.
3, write a specific period or a specific place, in a special period, often presents a special state, such as how to behave during SARS, people around you, in different social status, generally show different social roles, the father at home and in the office looks very different. "
Step 7: how to build/> catch up with a good framework can not only help us decide how to write, but also decide what you should write from our beginning, middle and end to some extent, that is, the Art of War. He said: "War has potential, but singularity and singularity win the poor. Oddly positive correlation, such as endless cycle, poor maturity. " What is the composition structure? The profound things are all the same. We can write a narrative with this structure:
1。 Introduction: the body description of the characters+the prominent theme.
2。 Get ready for
3。 Choose different mortgage topics: write one thing, which can best reflect the ideological connotation of the characters.
Charming: An intimate theme, conversation, or lyrics.
The purpose of digital narrative focus is to write how to write distinctive characteristics of the times and how to make the vivid and touching characters. Everyone has different appearances, different languages, different actions, different thoughts and personalities, and the first set of descriptions written.
Portrait description language, psychological description, action description.
First of all, portraits are written.
& gt Portrait mainly refers to the characters that appear, including their appearance, clothes, gestures and expressions. Portrait description can write static characters or dynamic characters.
Physical description of several main skills:
1, the characteristics of simple pen;
2. The use of rhetorical devices;
3. The sustenance of love and hate;
4 people, one portrait;
Portrait description, we should pay attention to two things:
Longitudinal description does not mean that a person writes eyes and nose, from nose and mouth, from mouth and ears to write hair, and builds face in writing. We usually just choose the most distinctive part, a person's appearance, close-up, such as writing eyes, Lu Xun said "eyes." "Drawing eyes" is the key to writing portraits. 14 times in his Fu, Lin Sao's eyes, every change of eyes, reveal the changes of the characters' psychology and personality. Needless to say, it is necessary to write about eyes, but the word "painting" used by Lu Xun emphasizes the most distinctive part of the close-up of humanized appearance. Usually, writing about people's appearance serves to show a person's character. I wrote Xianglinsao's eyes and also wrote Xianglinsao's "White Hair" (expressing tragic fate); Write the eyes of the leap soil, focusing on the hand of the leap soil: "I remember that hand is not really red and round, but thick and stupid, cracked like the bark of a pine tree." The hardships and pains of life in leap soil.
Portrait description avoids formulaic and rigid. Under normal circumstances, people's faces. "However, people's heart and my appearance are not always the same, not necessarily the soul with a beautiful appearance. The contrast between appearance and personality usually leaves a deep impression on readers. For example, it is a lame middle-aged gadfly with an ugly face and a knife wound. "A Dream of Red Mansions" Wang Xifeng is beautiful and handsome, but ruthless.
People who have written language.
1。 Fill in the characters of the language. Language should be a completely personalized character, showing the background, growth experience, experience and personality of the character, such as meeting people, listening to their voices and reading them. "
Lu Xun pointed out: "The description language of characters is for readers, not for people." "This means that from the characters' language, we can see the characters' description with distinctive features. In order to achieve this state, we need to do two things:
The characters' language describes their age, experience, identity, cultural upbringing and so on. "Ji, this is always a farmer. To tell the truth, what they described in the article is "even", which is very common. If you write about high society, it is obviously from real life.
The language description of characters tries to reflect their characteristics. Gong said, if you prove his sour gas.
Third, by writing the movements of the characters.
The movements of characters conform to the essence of life and the logic of character development. You can choose a specific action to express the character's personality and psychological activities with rich functions.
Without the expression of human mind and character, Mao Dun said, "Individualized characters must be expressed through actions." Wu Lai created characters and arranged a "Jingyanggang Wusong Tiger Fighting", all of which wrote about Wu's wit, martial arts strength and lawyer.
When describing people's behavior, we should pay attention to the vivid and typical actions of the characters. A distinctive author not only writes about what the character is doing, but also what he is doing. The so-called typicality refers to why the characters written by the author do this, not that.
Psychology of writing through characters.
The inner world of the characters is very rich, and the psychological description fully reveals the inner joy, anger, sadness, joy, love, longing, depression, pain, resentment, panic and jealousy. Common psychological monologues, memories and associations, dreams and hallucinations.
The psychological activities of each article, with writing psychological activities should pay attention to:
We should write about the psychological activities of a specific character in a specific environment. Remember that the "tattered clothes" of the "charcoal seller" are the charcoal of a sick heart. Otherwise, in the cold winter, charcoal sellers can only hope for colder even if they sell thin clothes with carbon emissions.
Second, we should strive to write the emotional fluctuation and complex psychological change process of implicit character. The last chapter of Gorky's "Mother" was written by Fu Na of Nello when the detective was shaken, afraid, and
Fifth, the activity environment of words.
Always live in a certain social environment, forming conflicts within the characters until they are firm and calm. Personality and related environment, it is a very useful environment for him to express the character of the character.
Marx thought: "People who create environment, the same environment creates people." Mao Dun also believes that "people are active in certain environments, so they must be written into environmental engineering. The environment described in the work, whether it is social environment or natural environment, is not a dispensable embellishment, but the thoughts and actions of closely related people. " People who write narratives often need to describe the environment.
Students know that descriptions of the environment fall into two categories:
(a) the description of the natural environment, also known as the description of the natural characteristics of the characters in the scene description activities.
Description of scenery: (l) Write the mood of the characters; (2) The scenic spots are clear, the four seasons are distinct, and the geographical position is superior; (3) landscape writing and the statement of its relationship; (4) depicting the performance of portraits. ?
When describing scenery, we should pay attention to the following points:
L, master the description of website features.
2. Choose the right angle to write the scene.
3, the feelings of the characters in the scene penetrate into the surrounding scenery, the objects in the scene should have conscious thoughts and feelings, and the feelings directly infiltrated by the author or characters are written on the scene.
4. You can draw portraits by comparison. The atmospheric scenery, Xianglinsao's tragedy, the happiness at the beginning and the happiness at the end are in sharp contrast, which further strengthens the powerful criticism of her works in the old society.
5. Natural scenery can be compared to a certain social environment, such as Gorky's Haiyan and Mao Dun's Before the Thunderstorm.
(II) Social Environment Cat wrote: The narrow social environment is the place, background and atmosphere of people's activities, not the broad one. It refers to the social life in a certain historical period. When describing the social environment in interpersonal communication, we should pay attention to the following points:
1, must have different colors. We live in an era, and the typical new century, the younger generation and other figures of different shapes are all produced in a specific background. ?
2. It has distinctive local characteristics. The word "Fu" in Lu Xun's pen and ink depicts the features of Luzhen, leaving a deep impression on people.
There are several ways to describe the article, and we can make full use of these types of description methods. Of course, the characters we can describe are rich, and they are rich from dryness.
Narrative stylistics knowledge
One. The specific requirements of the narrative reading outline are as follows: (narrative, news, communication)
1。 Narrative elements (cause, time, place, people, events, process and result). Understand the ideological significance of recorded events, narratives of characters, scenes and performances.
2。 The narration of people you know (first person, third person), the sequence of narration (direct narration, flashback, interleaving), characteristics and functions.
3。 The central idea of summary? Understand the relationship between narrative center and material, and properly understand narrative details.
4。 Describe the understanding and analysis of narrative, description and argumentative writing, the characteristics and functions of lyric description, and comprehensively use various expressions.
5。 Narrative techniques (symbolic control, foil, etc. ) and rhetorical devices (metaphor, anthropomorphic understanding and analysis, parallel processing, etc. ), understand the accurate narrative language and vivid characteristics.
Two. Learning point
1。 Narrative usually has six elements, but some narratives, some elements that readers are familiar with, or some elements that are not considered will not affect the expression effect and can be omitted.
2。 Narrative called first person and third person.
Describe the voice of "I" or from the perspective of the first person, such as "Orange Light" and "Kung Fu". First of all, speaking and writing can directly express a sense of intimacy between poets and reading. Reality.
People, events and scenes in the third person viewpoint are described in corresponding articles, such as The Emperor's New Clothes. Its advantage is that it has no limitation of space and time and can be described more freely.
3。 Clue narrative form: 1 turn into a clue, and a narrative entitled clue has two or more clues. Most things. The narrative clue (bright line) of Ye is the patriotic thought and emotional exchange between the author and Mr. Fujino.
4。 There are three narrative sequences to be mastered: narrative, flashback and staggered narrative. Narrative refers to the reasons and consequences written in words according to the order of occurrence, development and end, with clear structure. As a kind of "face", flashback refers to what happens after the narrative is written in the front and the first thing is written in the back. Tell the results first to attract readers to understand the reasons and processes, such as "retreat"; In the process of staggered narration, it is necessary to insert another paragraph, such as pears on the postal route, which is no longer explained in this way.
5。 The narrative hierarchy is divided as follows:
(1) According to events and development process, The Emperor's New Clothes
(2) dividing the transformation space, Laoshan system.
(3) the content of the division, such as "from Baicaoyuan to Santan Yinyue".
(4) changes in characters and scenes, such as "girls"
(5) Emotional changes, such as litchi honey doesn't like bees-wants to see bees-praises bees-wants to be bees.
(6) the transformation is classified as "precious shirt", lyrical-narrative-lyrical, and the expression of discussion.
6。 Comprehensive use of narrative, descriptive, argumentative, characteristic and descriptive functions to understand and analyze lyric expression.
Understand and analyze narrative expression skills (symbolic control, foil, etc. ) and rhetorical devices (metaphor, personification, parallelism, etc. ), and understand the accurate narrative language and vivid features.
7。 Narration is the main way of expression, but it is also often associated with discussion, lyrical description, developing emotion and deepening the theme. Many party workers use various expressions comprehensively.
Narrative: a form of expression that expresses the changes of people and things experienced. This is the most basic and common way of writing, but it is also the most important way of expression.
Description: the shape and movement of characters, the essence of things, the form, change, representation and vivid tracking of foreground and landscape.
Description: concise language, objective and accurate explanation of things or expression of feelings.
Lyrics: According to the subjective feelings of the core characters in the works, the expressions revealed in the text can be divided into direct lyric and indirect lyric. Express your feelings directly. Indirect lyrical narration, description and discussion of love and hate.
News: Write your own opinions or works according to the facts.
8。 Characteristics of narrative language: accurate and vivid.
abstract:
1。 Narrative elements
2。 Narration is called
3。 Narrative clue: 1 transmission clue 3 clues about the problem.
4。 Narrative order, flashback and insertion.
5。 Narrative department
6。 Narrative expression: narrative, descriptive language, action, appearance, psychology, expression, environment or front, side, discussion, lyricism and explanation.
7。 Characteristics of narrative language: accuracy and vividness
8。 Narrative techniques: line drawing, background, rendering, contrast, bedding and foreshadowing.
abstract:
1。 The narration of answering questions and the reading of literary works mainly come from two main aspects:
To summarize the content of the article, we should grasp the following points:
(1) To master the narrative elements, the owner should write clearly and what kind of people should write clearly.
(2) Grasp the key sentences and try to find out why the author wrote these things.
(3) Analyze the relationship between layers, make clear the content of the article, and then make a summary.
Understand the narrative and structural characteristics and performance of literary works. The following paragraphs:
Division of (1) Spatio-temporal Variation
(2)
(3) The change of divided thoughts and feelings is divided by the content of narrative.
(4) Describe the change of angle and the division of development stages.
2。 Category content: center, which means connecting to
Structure: always at the beginning of a paragraph
Full text of paragraph
Middle paragraph: the relationship (thoughts and feelings) at the end of the full text or abstract of echo takes care of the theme, whether it is.
Supplement:
Fairy tales are generally descriptive or argumentative. . . should
point out
When reading a narrative, we should be clear about relevant knowledge and grasp its stylistic features.
Conceptual narrative: Narrative narrative, which means the main expression, thought, narrative, scenery and the main content of inclined articles. Divided into middle schools, convenient teaching, regular news, communication, biography, memoir, fable, fairy tale, novel and narrative teaching.
Narrative classification: from the way of writing content, it can be divided into two categories: simple narrative and complex narrative. According to the different writing objects, it can be divided into four categories: 1. Written explanation; 2。 Narrative narration; 3。 Narrative writing of landscape (prose) 4. Description of matter.
Narrative elements: six elements of narrative-reason, time, place, people, events and subsequent results.
Fourth, they write in order: there are three commonly used-narrative, flashback and interleaving.
Narrative clues: generally in the following-male line, body line, love line, east-west line, party line, ground line.
Six people, narrative: generally use the first person or the third person, and individuals use the second person.
Seventh, describe the details of the center: overall perception, accurately grasp the center of the article. Analyze the relationship between materials and the center, understand the key points, and sort out materials.
Narrative methods of expression: five common-narrative, description, explanation, discussion and lyricism. Complex narration is often a combination of several expressions. exist
Ideas and skills to solve problems:
Narrative reading, human resources from the following aspects:
The successful implementation of extracurricular activities is as follows:
Elementary courses, thanks to Gao Xuenian, we will learn many detailed descriptions in textbooks. Mr. Ye Shengtao said: "There are not many examples." We should learn the general methods of reading narratives after class from these examples, and then use these methods.
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