Algae that rely on solar energy to survive must also absorb nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and sulfur in water for their own growth and reproduction when converting solar energy into bioenergy. In this way, the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and sulfur in the water body will be greatly reduced, and the water body will be purified, which is the purification ability of organisms to convert solar energy into biological energy. Without this purification of algae, we would have to spend a lot of money to treat the water polluted by domestic sewage and a lot of chemical fertilizers discharged from farmland.

Algae with purification ability

In addition to the above microalgae, some large plants such as Eichhornia crassipes (commonly known as water hyacinth) can also purify nutrient-rich pollutants in water. Eichhornia crassipes is also rich in heavy metals, so it can also be used to purify heavy metals. However, Eichhornia crassipes, which is used to purify heavy metals, should not be allowed to enter the food chain, so as not to poison other organisms, and should be buried deeply or treated specially.

Eichhornia crassipes

9.4.2 Conversion of chemical energy into biological energy and its purification ability

In the process of transforming chemical energy into biological energy, chemoautotrophic bacteria will decompose toxic and harmful substances into non-toxic and harmless substances. For example, the sulfur-oxidizing bacteria on the deep-sea black chimney can decompose the highly toxic gas H2S, and then synthesize it into its own energy material organic carbon. Sulfur still remains in its body, but not all sulfur bacteria can leave sulfur in the body. In this way, the highly toxic H2S will dissolve into non-toxic food, which can be eaten by the next biological ring. This is the purification ability of biology when chemical energy is converted into biological energy.

Protozoa foraminifera: Echinococcus uses its pseudopods to prey on microorganisms and organic debris.

Therefore, we can use bacteria that eat hydrogen sulfide to purify the environment polluted by hydrogen sulfide. Similarly, iron-eating bacteria and methane-eating bacteria can be used to purify the environment polluted by iron and methane. Of course, if you find bacteria that can "eat" cadmium, mercury, lead and arsenic, you can use them to purify the environment polluted by cadmium, mercury, lead and arsenic.

Schematic diagram of biological or biological debris purification environment

9.4.3 Conversion of bioenergy into bioenergy and its purification capacity

Some microorganisms and microorganisms in autotrophs will be eaten by other organisms in the next food chain (such as protozoa foraminifera), and their biological energy will be converted into higher-level biological energy. During this energy conversion process, the pollutants they ingest will be transferred to other organisms (foraminifera). When other creatures that prey on them (foraminifera) die, these other creatures (foraminifera). Similarly, the pollutants they "carry" will be locked and sealed by sediments after the rest of them die, which will also purify the environment.

To sum up, all microorganisms that can enrich pollutants have the ability to purify the environment. Let's not underestimate them. Although they are small, they are big. According to the research of marine biologists, there are at least 25,000 kinds of microorganisms in every liter of seawater, and in some places there are as many as 654.38+10,000 kinds. As long as the environmental quality is good, they will thrive and will "strive" to purify the environment for us. Therefore, microorganisms are a "clean army" with great power.

9.4.4 Ultrafine organic particles and their purification effect

The latest food trigger ring

The traditional food chain began with heterotrophic planktonic bacteria and micro-autotrophs (less than 2 microns). In 2009, marine ecologists released the latest research results. They believe that the initial loop of the food chain is not heterotrophic planktonic bacteria and picoautotrophs in the initial loop of the traditional food chain, but the "initiator" should be a virus, which is an ultrafine particle or dissolved organic matter formed by cracking or dissolving after the death of the virus itself and all the hosts infected by the virus (including natural death and other deaths). Ultrafine organic particles will be eaten by other planktonic bacteria; Dissolved organic matter will be converted into nutrients, which will be absorbed by slightly autotrophic organisms and converted into their own biological energy. Therefore, the starting ring of food chain should be ultrafine organic particles and dissolved organic matter formed by virus "corpse". This is the latest concept of food trigger ring.

New microbial food chain pattern diagram

Purification of 9.4.4.2 Ultrafine Organic Particles

Ultrafine organic particles, like clay particles, have strong adsorption. They will adsorb toxic and harmful substances in water. Some of these ultrafine organic particles adsorbed with toxic and harmful substances pass through the food chain and enter the next food chain. When the creatures in the food chain die and sink to the bottom of the sea, they will be locked and sealed by sediments, so that the environment will be continuously purified. The other part directly sinks to the bottom of the sea, locked and sealed by sediments, and directly purifies the environment.

Schematic diagram of ultrafine organic particles in seawater