Source "New Ginseng Tablets"
Pinyin name white
Alias Yan Zi (not recorded) and Yu Suzi (Yearbook of Traditional Chinese Medicine).
The source is the fruit of Perilla frutescens of Labiatae.
Original shape
Perilla frutescens (illustrated classic of Materia Medica), also known as: Ri (Bielu), Sunan (southern Yunnan Materia Medica), Perilla frutescens (refined grass), (textual research on plant name), Perilla frutescens, Stinky Su, rare dog manure and dog manure.
Annual erect herb, fragrant, 0.5 ~ 1.5 m high. The stems are green, round and quadrangular, multi-branched, with dense and slender white hairs except the base. Leaves opposite; Leaf blade is ovoid or round, 3 ~ 9.5 cm long and 2 ~ 8 cm wide, with acute or acuminate apex, round or wide wedge-shaped base, coarse serrations on the edge, green hairs on both sides, slightly light below and glandular spots; Petiole length 10 ~ 45 mm, densely covered with white hair. Racemes axillary and terminal; Bracts ovate, apex acute or caudate; Calyx bell-shaped, 5 teeth, 10 pulse, divided into 2 lips, with hairs and glandular spots on the outer side and villous 1 circle in the inner throat; Corolla white, tubular, 2-lipped, hairy outside, middle inside 1 circle, 2-lobed upper lip, wider lobes, slightly concave apex, 3-lobed lower lip, semicircular lobes on both sides, transverse elliptic middle lobe, bending downward; Stamens 4, 2 strong, slightly prominent, filaments hairless, pollen sac 2-loculed; Ovary 4-lobed, style glabrous, slightly prominent, stigma 2-lobed. Nutlets are brown or gray-white, obovate, about 2 mm long, about 65438 0.7 mm, and flowering in August-September. Fruit-bearing period: September ~ 65438+ 10.
Habitat distribution roadside wild, there are also cultivators. From Hebei to the Yangtze River basin, it is distributed all over the south. Jiangsu, Hebei, Shandong, Hubei, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan and other places.
Dried fruit, oval or slightly triangular cone-shaped, with a long diameter of 2.5 ~ 3.5 mm and a short diameter of 2 ~ 2.5 mm, with a grayish-white to yellowish-white surface and a protruding network. The fruit cortex is fragile and easy to crush. Nuts are yellow and white, rich in oil. The smell is slightly fragrant, and it feels greasy when chewed. It is best to have large particles, fullness and no impurities.
Chemical constituents Seeds contain fatty oils, mainly linseed fat and tripalmitate. The whole plant contains volatile oil, and the sleeve contains l- perillaldehyde, perillene ketone, Tricholoma matsutake alcohol and l- linalool.
Sexual taste
1 Don't record: "pungent, warm, nontoxic."
2 "New Ginseng Pieces": "Xin and Ping."
Functional indication
Reducing qi, resolving phlegm, moistening lung and intestine. Treat cough, phlegm and asthma, qi stagnation and constipation.
1 "Bielu": "Treat cough, reduce temperature and tonify the middle ("body "is" marrow ")."
2 "Dietotherapy Materia Medica": "Raw food, quenching thirst and moistening lung."
3 "southern Yunnan materia medica": "appetizing and strengthening the spleen." Pericarpium Citri Tangerinae can eliminate phlegm and dispel wind. "
4 "Zhang Xinshen": "Pingfei Qi, check the inverse. Treat cough and asthma and dredge the intestines. "
Usage and dosage: decocted, 1.5 ~ 3 yuan.
Note: This product is used together with Perilla frutescens in Sichuan and Guizhou. Please refer to Perilla.
Extract from a dictionary
Perilla frutescens-traditional Chinese medicine
source
From 1. New ginseng tablets.
2. Tao Hongjing: Su type, tall and white, not very fragrant. His son's rice is made into paste, which is very fat and nutritious. His son cooks fried oil every day, which is the oil, silk and paint used today.
3. Herbs for Disaster Relief: The seeds are there, in the garden. The seedlings are one or two feet tall and the stems are square. Leaves are like mint leaves, extremely fat. There are lilac flowers and spikes like perilla spikes.
Its son is like a millet, with opposite branches and stems.
4. "Outline": Perilla frutescens, Perilla frutescens, or Perilla frutescens is planted in February and March. Its stem is square, its leaves are round and sharp, and there are serrations around it. & Hull
Pinyin name white
Fruit of Perilla frutescens
Alias coriander and Polygonatum odoratum
source
Medicinal material source: the fruit of Perilla frutescens of Labiatae, a dicotyledonous plant.
Latin animal and plant mineral name: perilla. [Basil; purple perilla
Harvest and storage: harvest leaves in summer and autumn, dry them in the shade in a ventilated place, or take leaves with tender stems, cut them into small pieces and dry them in the sun.
The prototype of Perilla frutescens is an annual erect herb with fragrance, with a height of 0.5- 1.5m, green stems, rounded corners and four edges, many branches, and dense and slender white hairs except the base. Leaves opposite; Leaf blade is ovoid or round, 3-9.5 cm long and 2-8 cm wide, with sharp or tapering tip, round or wide wedge-shaped base, coarse serrations on the edge, green hairs on both sides, slightly pale, and glandular spots below; Petiole length 10-45mm, densely covered with white hair. Racemes axillary and terminal; Bracts ovate, apex acute or caudate; Calyx bell-shaped, 5 teeth, 10 pulse, divided into 2 lips, with hairs and glandular spots on the outer side and villous 1 circle in the inner throat; Corolla white, tubular, 2-lipped, hairy outside, middle inside 1 circle, 2-lobed upper lip, wider lobes, slightly concave apex, 3-lobed lower lip, semicircular lobes on both sides, transverse elliptic middle lobe, bending downward; Stamens 4, 2 strong, slightly prominent, filaments hairless, pollen sac 2-loculed; Ovary 4-lobed, style glabrous, slightly prominent, stigma 2-lobed. Nutlets are brown or grayish white, obovate, about 2mm long and about 65438±0.7mm in diameter. Flowering in August-September. Fruit: September -65438+ 10.
Habitat distribution
Ecological environment: roadside wild and cultivated.
Distribution of resources: from Hebei to the Yangtze River basin and the south. Medicinal materials are produced in Jiangsu, Hebei, Shandong, Hubei, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan and other places.
cultivate
1. Climatic soil: suitable for warm and humid climate. Sandy loam with good drainage and loose fertility is the best.
2. Soil preparation: deep ploughing in late autumn and early winter, weathering in winter, leveling before sowing in the following spring, and making ridges with a width of1m..
3. Planting: Breeding with seeds. There are two kinds: seedling transplanting and direct seeding.
3. 1. Seedling raising method: In early April, sow or drill, and evenly sow seeds on the border with thin soil layer. First, drill a ditch on the border with the row spacing of 1 0-15cm, then sow the seeds in the ditch and cover them with fine soil for 3-5mm ... After sowing for 8- 10 days, the seedlings can be transplanted when the height is 15-30cm, and press.
3.2. Direct seeding mode: The seeding period is from early April to late April, and the seeding mode is drilling or hole seeding.
Row spacing is 40-50 cm, and plant spacing is 30-40 cm. After sowing, cover the soil and water it.
4. Field management: After sowing, soil moisture should be kept constantly, and the seedlings should be sown when the height is 3-4cm 1 time. Loosening soil, intertillage and weeding for 2-3 times during the growth period. Topdressing human excrement, cake fertilizer or ammonium sulfate 1-2 times. Pay attention to watering when it is dry.
5. Pest control: When the leaf roller is found in the growth period, in addition to killing it, 6% wettable BHC powder 1 kg and 300 kg of water can be sprayed.
Dried fruit, oval or slightly triangular cone, with a long diameter of 2.5-3.5 mm and a short diameter of 2-2.5 mm, with a grayish-white to yellowish-white surface and a protruding network. The fruit cortex is fragile and easy to crush. Nuts are yellow and white, rich in oil. The smell is slightly fragrant, and it feels greasy when chewed. It is best to have large particles, fullness and no impurities. This product is used together with perilla in Sichuan and Guizhou. See Perilla frutescens.
Chemical components Seed oil contains L- perillaldehyde, egomaketone, Tricholoma matsutake alcohol and L- linalool. The fatty oils in seeds are mainly linolenic acid and palmitic acid. In addition, the seeds also contain α -linolenic acid.
pharmacological action
1. Lipid-regulating effect: 0.2g/kg of perilla oil and 1.0g/kg of perilla oil were given to hyperlipidemia mice for 20 consecutive days, which could reduce their serum total cholesterol by 13.9% and 29.7% respectively. Oral administration of fatty oil at 0.4g/kg and 1.0g/kg for 20 consecutive days significantly decreased the contents of serum TC and LDL-C (low density lipoprotein cholesterol) and increased the ratio of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)/TC and HDL-C/LDL-C; The effect of lowering serum triglyceride (TG) is weak. It has no obvious effect on HDL-C content, but it can change the proportion of its subcomponents and increase the ratio of HDL2-C/HDL-C and HDL 2-C/HDL 3-C. Perilla oil can reduce the serum total cholesterol and triglyceride levels in rats. If combined with Mg, the effect is more rapid. Perilla oil is rich in α -linolenic acid (α-LNA). α-LNA can significantly reduce plasma total cholesterol, but it will not produce cholesterol accumulation in the liver, while linoleic acid can produce cholesterol accumulation in the liver. Therefore, perilla oil rich in α-LNA is more beneficial to human body than traditional edible oil rich in linoleic acid.
2. Auditory inhibition of tumor: The incidence of colon cancer decreased significantly after 35 weeks when the food containing 12% perilla oil was fed to rats induced by N- methyl -N- nitrosourea. After 10 week, the bile acid content of tumor promoter in feces did not change significantly, but the activity of ubenin dehydrogenase (tumor-promoting marker) induced by deoxycholic acid in colon decreased significantly. It can be seen that perilla oil can reduce the sensitivity of colon mucosa to tumor promoters. Feeding the weaned rats with 5.0% perilla oil can significantly inhibit the lung metastasis of ascites tumor cells and reduce the number of metastatic foci on the lung surface. Perilla oil can also significantly inhibit the incidence of breast cancer caused by chemical carcinogen 7, 12- dimethylbenzoanthracene (DMBA) or subcutaneous transplantation of tumor strain, reduce the weight and volume of tumor and prolong the time of tumor appearance. It has obvious inhibitory effect on colon cancer and renal tumor. The anti-tumor mechanism of n-3 fatty acids such as α-LNA is not clear, but most of them think it is related to the competitive anti-tumor effect of n-3 fatty acids on n-6 fatty acids and the decrease of diene prostaglandin level in vivo.
3. Antithrombotic effect: 3-week-old male rats were given food containing 10% perilla oil for 5-6 weeks, and the platelet phospholipid eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)/ arachidonic acid was 7.5- 10μ m/ml. The platelet aggregation effect (total or no phenomenon oil) of perilla seed oil group was significantly lower than that of safflower oil group, but the concentration was higher (65438+). It is suggested that it is important to evaluate platelet aggregation below the threshold concentration of collagen. The release of 5- hydroxyethylamine from platelets in perilla oil group was also significantly reduced.
4. Other effects: Two generations of rats were fed with feed rich in perilla oil and safflower oil respectively. Compared with safflower oil group, leukotriene LTB4 released by polymorphonuclear leukocytes in perilla oil group decreased by 27%, and the activity of allergic slow reaction substances decreased by 59%, while the amount of LTB5 increased significantly and the total amount of LTB increased. In addition, perilla oil can inhibit the intermediate of hyperproliferative reaction (platelet aggregation activating factor), so perilla oil can inhibit allergic reaction and inflammation.
When SHR-SP was fed with food containing 5% perilla oil, compared with safflower oil group, the average survival time of male rats was prolonged by 65438 07%, while that of female rats was prolonged by 65438 05%. The survival time of female rats in both food groups was 40% longer than that of male rats. Compared with normal food group and safflower oil group, the systolic blood pressure and platelet aggregation rate of perilla oil group were significantly lower.
Spicy in nature; Temperature; nontoxic
Meridian-returning lung; Spleen; Large intestine meridian
Function is indicated for lower qi; Eliminating phlegm; Moisten the lungs; Wide intestine. Main cough; Phlegm and asthma; Qi stagnation constipation
Usage and dosage: decocted, 1.5-3 yuan RMB; Let's grind it. External use: tamping.
Pay attention to chronic cough due to deficiency of the spleen and loose stool due to spleen deficiency.
Various exhibitions
1. "Bielu": mainly cough, lower qi, and warming ("body" as "marrow").
2. "Dietotherapy Materia Medica": raw food, quenching thirst and moistening lung.
3. "southern Yunnan materia medica": appetizing and strengthening the spleen. Pericarpium Citri Tangerinae can eliminate phlegm and dispel wind.
4. "New Ginseng Tablets": calming lung qi and stopping adverse reactions. Treat cough and asthma, dredge intestines.
Excerpts from Chinese Materia Medica