20 18-4- 18, why don't you pay attention and learn more? Tea knowledge

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Tieluohan tea, belonging to oolong tea, was created during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty and produced in Wuyishan, a famous mountain in the southeast of Xiujia in northern Fujian. It is mainly distributed in the inner mountain (rocky mountain) of Wuyishan and grows in the crevices of rocks. Iron arhats are tightly knotted in shape, and the colors are green, brown and fresh. After brewing, the soup is bright orange, and the leaves are red and green. Typical leaves have the beauty of green leaves and red edges. The finished product is mainly made by sun drying, cooling, baking, frying, primary kneading, secondary frying, secondary kneading, water drying, air separation, spreading, picking, secondary baking, secondary air separation and supplementary fire.

Iron arhat

Belong to: oolong iron arhat

Variety: "Iron Lohan", "Baekje View" and so on.

Taste: The taste is mellow, vivid, delicate, harmonious and rich.

Other uses: preventing cancer, reducing radiation pollution, etc.

History: the origin of development

It has been more than 200 years since Arhat of Iron was published in the forty-six years of Qianlong in Qing Dynasty (AD 1782). At that time, there was an iron arhat merchant named Shi in the pass of Jinjiang, and he set up a "Jiquan Iron Arhat Village" specializing in Wuyi Rock Iron Arhat in Hui 'an. One time. He found a tall arhat tree growing on the cliff of Huiyuan Rock Ghost Cave in Wuyishan, which looked like arhat in the mist. He picked the tender leaves of the tree, carefully melted them, and made them into arhat leaves, which were particularly fragrant and mellow, so they were named "arhat leaves".

Iron arhat

In the Qing Dynasty, Zhou Lianggong's Song of Fujian Iron Arhat said: "Although it is good before the rain, it is new. Anger is not removed, and it is hidden for three times the price of crimson. In the second year, everyone showed off. " Lian Heng (Collection of Tang Yawen) also said: "The new iron arhat is slippery and boneless, while the old iron arhat is thick and less fragrant. Must be a combination of old and new, with proper color and taste, smelling sweet and sucking sweet. Although it is counted, it is the top grade. "

The origin of the name

One day: Historically, a businessman named Shi Dacheng in Hui 'an County, southern Fujian Province, opened a Shijiquan tea shop.1In the middle of the 9th century, he operated Wuyi Rock Tea, and was most famous for his "Iron Lohan". Although there were two epidemics in Hui 'an county around 1890- 193 1, all the patients were cured after using the arhat of Century Spring, so they were named after saving the world like a arhat bodhisattva.

Second, the Queen Mother of the West hosted a banquet in Man Ting Pavilion, and 500 arhats drank heartily. The arhats in charge of tea trees are even more drunk. When they passed Huiyuan pit, they broke the tea tree in their hands and threw it in Huiyuan pit, which was picked up by an old farmer. Lohan told the old farmer that planting tea branches in the pit and making iron Lohan could cure all diseases. Therefore, it was named iron arhat.

There are many legends about the iron arhat. Ji Hui, a monk from Hui Yuan Temple in Wuyishan, specializes in collecting Luohan leaves. The tea he collected is fragrant, mellow and sweet. Take a sip, and his eyes are clear. People from all directions in the temple like his tea. He is dark and strong, tall and burly, like a arhat, and everyone in the village calls him "Iron Arhat". One day, he found a tea tree in a crack in the rock wall of the honeycomb pit. The crown is tall and straight, the branches are thick and grayish yellow, and the buds are fluffy and soft as cotton, emitting attractive fragrance. He picked the tender leaves and took them back to the temple to make rock tea, and invited his neighbors to taste tea together. Everyone asked, "What is the name of this tea?" He couldn't answer, so he had to tell a story. Everyone thought that he had discovered the tea tree and made tea. This kind of tea is called "iron arhat".

Physical geography: origin and distribution

Wuyi Rock Tea is the best oolong tea in China, which is produced in Wuyishan area in northern Fujian Province. One of the top ten famous teas in China. Wuyi Rock Tea has the fragrance of green tea and the sweetness of black tea, which is the best in China Oolong Tea.

growing environment

Wuyi Mountain is located in the northeast of Fujian Province, and has the reputation of "a must in the southeast". The mountains are connected, the valleys are vertical and horizontal, and the Jiuqu River is entangled in them. The climate is mild, warm in winter and cool in summer, with abundant rainfall. There are many cliffs on the mountain. Tea farmers use caves, crevices and crevices to build stone dikes along the edge to plant tea, which is called "potted" tea garden. There is a saying that "there is tea in the rock, but there is no tea in the rock", hence the name of rock tea. Wuyi Rock Tea is mainly divided into two producing areas: Yanming producing area and Yan Dan producing area.

quality characteristic

Lohan is a semi-fermented tea. Because arhat tree grows among rocks, its composition and taste are different from other kinds of tea, and it has been a royal tribute since Yuan and Ming Dynasties. Its Dan Cong processing, excellent quality "famous brand cluster", all processes are manual operation, specially made with exquisite technology, and the finished iron arhat has a strong aroma.

manufacturing procedure

The processing technology of "Tieluohan" tea is similar to other rock teas, but it is more refined.

Picking new buds with leaves open for 3-4 days every spring, drying in the sun, cooling, steaming, frying, primary kneading, re-frying, re-kneading, water roasting, winnowing, spreading, cooling, picking, redrying, winnowing, and supplementary fire. The quality characteristics of "iron arhat" are: compact appearance, bright green and brown color, bright orange-yellow soup color after brewing, red and green leaves, and typical leaves have the aesthetic feeling of green leaves and red edges. The most outstanding quality of arhat is that it is rich in fragrance, with orchid fragrance, high and lasting fragrance and obvious rock rhyme.

principal item

Luohan belongs to semi-fermented tea, and its production method is between green tea and black tea. Its main varieties are Arhat, Celosia cristata, Narcissus, Oolong and Cinnamomum cassia.

Value function: main efficacy

1, Lohan refreshing effect.

2, iron arhat degreasing and greasy effect, promote digestion.

3. Arhat can prevent dental caries and remove bad breath.

4, iron arhat diuretic detoxification effect.

5. Radiation protection effect of iron arhat.

Arhat and tea have been used as medicine in China for 2700 years. A large number of studies in modern science have confirmed that Lohan has a variety of pharmacological effects and a wide range of functions, which is irreplaceable by other drinks. The specific functions are:

1, which helps to delay aging. Dwarf tea polyphenols have strong antioxidant and physiological activity, and are free radical scavengers in human body, which can block lipid peroxidation and scavenge active enzymes.

2, help to inhibit cardiovascular disease. Dwarf tea polyphenols can inhibit the proliferation of this kind of plaque, reduce the formation of fibrinogen to enhance coagulation viscosity, make coagulation clear, and thus inhibit atherosclerosis.

3, help to prevent and fight cancer. Tea polyphenols in lowland can block the synthesis of carcinogens such as nitrite in the body, which can directly kill cancer cells and improve the immune ability of the body.

4. It is helpful to prevent and treat radiation injury. Arhat polyphenols and their oxidation products have the ability to absorb the toxicity of radioactive substances strontium 90 and cobalt 60. It has a good therapeutic effect on leukopenia caused by radiation.

5, help to inhibit and resist viruses. Tea polyphenols in lowlands have strong convergence, obvious inhibition and killing effects on pathogenic bacteria and viruses, and obvious anti-inflammatory and antidiarrheal effects.

6, help beauty and skin care. Arhat polyphenol is a water-soluble substance, which can clean greasy face, astringe pores, disinfect and sterilize, resist skin aging and reduce the damage of ultraviolet rays in the sun to the skin.

7, help to refresh. Caffeine in arhat can stimulate the central nervous system of human body, enhance the excitement process of cerebral cortex, and has the effects of refreshing the brain, clearing away heart fire and calming the nerves.

8. Help diuresis to relieve fatigue. Caffeine in arhat can stimulate the kidney, promote the rapid excretion of urine, improve the filtration rate of the kidney and reduce the retention time of harmful substances in the kidney. Caffeine can also eliminate excessive lactic acid in urine, which helps to eliminate fatigue as soon as possible.

9, help reduce blood fat, help digestion. Caffeine in arhat can increase the secretion of gastric juice, help digestion and enhance the ability to decompose fat. The so-called "long-term eating makes people thin" is here.

10, which helps to protect teeth and improve eyesight. The fluorine content in Arhat is high, which is beneficial to preventing caries, protecting teeth and strengthening teeth. Vitamin C and other ingredients in arhat can reduce the opacity of eye lens. Drinking arhat regularly has a positive effect on reducing eye diseases, protecting eyes and improving vision.

Health function

caffeine

Caffeine is an alkaloid with a high content in arhat, with a general content of 2-5%. Each cup of 1.50 ml Tieluohan soup contains about 40 mg of caffeine. Caffeine is a stimulant of the central nervous system, so it has a refreshing effect. In the Comprehensive Report on Safety Evaluation of Caffeine, it is concluded that caffeine has no teratogenic, carcinogenic and mutagenic effects on people at normal drinking doses.

Polyphenols

The content of soluble polyphenols in Ardisia crenata root is about 10 ~ 20% of dry weight. It is mainly composed of Ardisiac, flavonoids, anthocyanins and phenolic acids, among which Ardisiac has the highest content, accounting for about 70% of the total polyphenols of Ardisia japonica. Children's ironclad mainly includes epiironclad, epigallocatechin, epiironclad gallate and epiironclad gallate. This is the main active ingredient of arhat's efficacy. It has been proved that they have many functions such as preventing arteriosclerosis, preventing atherosclerosis, reducing blood fat, diminishing inflammation, inhibiting bacteria, preventing radiation, resisting cancer and resisting mutation.

Iron arhat

vitamin

Lohan is rich in vitamins. The content of vitamin B group is generally around 100 ~ 150 ppm. Lohan has a high content of vitamin C. Vitamin C can prevent scurvy, increase body resistance and promote wound healing. Vitamin E is an antioxidant, which can prevent lipid peroxidation in human body, so it has anti-aging effect. The content of vitamin K in arhat is about 300 ~ 500 international units per gram, so drinking five cups of arhat every day can meet the needs of human body. Vitamin K can promote the synthesis of coagulants in the liver.

Mineral elements

Arahant contains many mineral elements, such as phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, manganese, aluminum and sulfur. Most of these mineral elements are beneficial to human health. The fluorine content in Ardisia heterophylla is very high, with an average of about 100 ~ 200 ppps, which is much higher than other plants. Fluorine has obvious effect on preventing dental caries and osteoporosis in the elderly.

amino acid

Ardisia heterophylla contains 25 kinds of amino acids, among which the content of Ardisine is the highest, accounting for more than 50% of the total amino acids. As we all know, amino acids are essential nutrients for human body. For example, glutamic acid can reduce blood ammonia and treat liver coma. Methionine can regulate fat metabolism.

other

In addition to these main components, Ardisia heterophylla also contains some trace active components. Although their content is not high, they have unique effects. For example, lipopolysaccharide in arhat can prevent radiation and increase the number of white blood cells; The complex of polysaccharides in Ardisia japonica and diphenylamine in lipid components of Ardisia japonica has hypoglycemic effect; A- aminobutyric acid processed by arhat under anaerobic conditions has the effect of lowering blood pressure.

Arhat has a health care effect on human body, so arhat and arhat therapy have been an important part of Chinese medicine since they were discovered and used. Dwarf tea is used as a single medicine or combined with other traditional Chinese medicines to form a compound, which is taken orally or externally for health preservation and disease prevention.

The ancient prescription of treating Arhat is widely used, and many ancient books have related records. In modern times, especially in modern times, the application of arhat therapy can be seen almost everywhere. For example, China Pharmacy Dictionary, China Medical Dictionary, Pharmacology Dictionary, Chinese Medicine Dictionary, Twelve Arhats in Hanhai's Life, Chinese Patent Medicines for Home Use, Essentials of Dietotherapy, Health Care and Longevity Collection, China Medicinal Diet, China Pharmacy and many other works have recorded many therapeutic prescriptions for arhat, which are all based on materials.

Dietotherapy: delaying aging

The researchers did this experiment on mice: mice born for 6 months and with short life at birth were divided into three groups, each group 15 males and females. During 16 weeks, they were given Luohan Oolong, Luohan Green and Water respectively. At the end of the experiment, all male rats showed aging phenomena, such as hair loss and slow movement, but the male rats who drank Luohan Oolong had the least aging degree, followed by the male rats who drank Luohan Qinglan.

In all the experiments, the female mice hardly changed. The researchers believe that this is because the aging rate of female mice is slower than that of male mice. The researchers intend to do further research to prove that Luohan Oolong helps to prevent diseases caused by human aging and living habits.

Special taboo

Arhat of Ranunculaceae, whose roots are used as medicine. Xin, Wen has great poison. Usually soaked in wine and put outside.

Tea tasting guide: brewing method

Lohan's brewing is unique. "The cup is as small as a walnut and the pot is as small as a slap. I can't bear to swallow it every time I pour it. Smell it first, then taste it, chew it slowly and be considerate. " Second, the bubble is exposed. The gas of tea soup is inhaled from the mouth and exhaled from the throat through the nostrils for three times in a row. The so-called "three tones" can identify the top grade of rock tea. There are more than seven bubbles. Wuyi rock tea is rich in flavor, better than orchids, deep and lasting. The taste is mellow and lively, and the body fluid is sweet. Although strong, it is not bitter. Iron arhat strips are firm and uniform, and the color is blue, brown, moist and bright. The leaf surface is frog-skin-like sand white spot, commonly known as "toad back". After soaking, the bottom of the leaf is a "red-edged green leaf", with three dividends and seven green points.

1, cup bubble method. Soak in a cup: use a 200ml big cup (suitable for all kinds of materials, glass is the best), take 5g of tea, soak it in boiling water at 90 degrees, then brew it directly with boiling water, and you can drink it in one minute.

2. Cover the bowl. Bowl-covering: Put 3g tea leaves into a middle-covering bowl, warm it with 90-degree boiling water and smell it. Then, like the method of Kung Fu tea soaking, after soaking for 45 seconds for the first time and soaking for 20 seconds each time, you can get a fresh taste.

3, pot bubble method. Pot soaking: put 7- 10g of tea leaves into a pot, moisten them with 90-degree boiling water, then soak them in 100-degree boiling water, and drink them after 45 -60 seconds, and you can get pure fragrance.

4. cauldron method. Large pot: put 10- 15g tea into the pot and brew it directly with 90- 100 degree boiling water. After drinking, you can drink directly with boiling water from morning till night, and the taste is particularly mellow and refreshing.

Drinking skills

Small cups are used to taste iron arhats, except for convenient distribution of iron arhats or drinking more. Generally speaking, the capacity of glasses is a little small, and it is actually difficult to taste the richness of the newly washed arhat. Less cold will enrich the taste. The entrance is very light and slightly astringent. The overall feeling is like taking a sip of the aroma, then pushing the astringency to the root of the tongue, slightly bitter, swallowing, the taste disappears, and then slowly returning to the sweet feeling. Rock arhats are the strangest. Between breaths, faint, distant fragrance is slowly emitted from the nasal cavity, and the fragrance is completely soaked between the mouth and teeth, as if it comes from oneself, as if a white flower blooms in your body.

Tea Culture: Legend

Iron arhat is a famous iron arhat in Wuyi, which is highly appreciated. It is said that one year, the Queen Mother hosted a banquet in honor of 500 arhats on Mid-Autumn Festival. The fairy banquet is grand and the food is rich. At the end of the banquet, most of the 500 arhats became drunken gods, wobbling and stumbling, just like yangko in world festivals.

Iron arhat

Five hundred arhats are separated. Some of them still returned to his station, while others swam to Wuyishan. When passing by the north of the mountain, the arhat in charge of iron broke the arhat branch in his hand. When he was awake, he was very regretful. He tried to pick it up, but he couldn't. He tried to throw it, which violated the dogma. At the moment, he has no idea. Several curious arhats came forward to question the iron arhats. "What expression is this?" Take care of the arhat. Lohan showed the broken arhat branches to everyone and said, "If you drink too much at the banquet, you will break the arhat branches when you are drunk. How can I take care of the iron arhat in the future? " Arhat said, "Don't be annoyed! Don't be upset! Go and beg the queen mother.

The empress said a word, how can the Buddha not sell the account? "Say that finish pull up the pipe arhat arhat go, because walk too fast, and the broken branches stained with dust, straight down in wuyishan Huiyuan pit, the result was picked up by an old farmer, later planted in the pit. The next year, the broken branches sprouted and grew leaves, so he quickly had a dream for the old farmer, told him the whole story of the broken branches, told him how to manage, pick and make them in the future, and told him "Don't destroy this iron arhat, future generations will benefit" and so on. After the dream, the old farmer told the people in the mountains that the old farmer's arhat was the "arhat". Since then, the legend of "Lohan breaking the iron Lohan and planting it alive" has spread.

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