When there is a famine in the north of the Yellow River, the people there will be moved to the east of the Yellow River, and the grain from the east of the Yellow River will be transported to the north of the Yellow River. The same is true of the famine years east of the Yellow River. (1) Hanoi: the place north of the Yellow River in Henan Province today.
The ancients took the Central Plains as the center, so the north of the Yellow River was called Hanoi, and the south of the Yellow River was called Waihe. 2 fierce: the grain harvest is not good.
③ Hedong: the place east of the Yellow River. In the southwest of Shanxi today.
The Yellow River flows through Shanxi Province from north to south, so the area east of the Yellow River in Shanxi Province is called Hedong. 4 Xiaomi: Xiaomi, called Xiaomi after hulling, also refers to cereals.
5 the same reason: the same reason. Said by: This sentence is from My Country, a chapter in Mencius Hui Liang Wang Shang, and one of the articles that show Mencius' thought of "benevolent government".
This paper discusses how to implement "benevolent government" and unify the world with "kingly way". Liang Huiwang said: "I am loyal to my country.
If Hanoi is fierce, the people will move to Hedong and the millet will move to Hanoi; Hedong is also fierce. People who observe the politics of neighboring countries have no intention like me.
There are no more people in neighboring countries, and there are no more people in my country. Mencius said to him, "The king is belligerent. Please use the analogy of war. Replenish drums, weapons company, abandon armor.
Or stop after a hundred steps, or stop after fifty steps. What if the pot is too black? "No, it's not a hundred paces straight, but it's also a walk."
He said, "If Wang knew this, there would be no hope of more people than those in neighboring countries." "If you don't go against the farming season, the valley can't take food; If you don't count, neither fish nor turtle can be eaten. Axe gold gets into the mountain in time, and mywood can't be used.
Valley and fish turtles can't fight for food, and wood and wood can't fight for it, which makes people lose their lives and have no regrets. Keeping in good health and dying without regret is the beginning of kingly way. "
"Five acres of house, the tree is mulberry, and fifty people can wear clothes; Chickens, dolphins and dogs are all domestic animals, so there is no time to waste. Seventy people can eat meat; A hundred acres of land, if you don't hurry, a family of several can be hungry; I sincerely hope that the godson of the cult will be filial, and the winners will not be on the road. Seventy people eat meat, while Li people are neither hungry nor cold. However, they are not kings and have nothing. "
"Dogs eat people's food without knowing it, and they don't know it when they are hungry. When people die, they say,' It's not me, it's age.' Why is it different from stabbing and killing people? He said,' Not me, but a soldier.
? The king is innocent, and the people in the world are heavy. Liang said, "I have tried my best to govern the country!" When there is a famine in the south of the Yellow River, the victims there will be moved to the east of the Yellow River, and the food in the east will be transported to Henan.
I did the same thing when there was a famine in Hedong. Look at the monarchs of neighboring countries presiding over political affairs. No one tries as hard as I do.
But the number of people in neighboring countries has not decreased, while my number has not increased. What is the reason? Mencius replied, "Your Majesty, you like fighting. I take fighting as an example. The drums were ringing and the fighting was fierce. The defeated soldiers threw down their helmets and fled with their weapons. Some ran hundreds of steps before stopping, while others stopped after running fifty steps.
Do you think it's okay for people who run 50 steps to laugh at people who run 100 steps? "The beam said," no way. He just didn't escape to the hundred paces, but it was also an escape! Mencius said, "Your Majesty, since you know this truth, you don't have to expect the people in your country to increase compared with those in neighboring countries.
As long as it doesn't go against the farming season, the food won't be finished; If the dense fishing nets don't enter the pond, fish and turtles can't finish eating aquatic products; When trees are cut down regularly, wood will be inexhaustible. Food and fish are inexhaustible, and wood is inexhaustible, so that ordinary people can support their families and bury the dead without regret.
Ordinary people have no regrets when they die in health, which is the beginning of kingliness. "Plant mulberry trees next to a five-acre (five acres: more than two cents per acre) residential area, and when you are fifty, you can put on silk clothes.
Livestock raise chickens, pigs, dogs and other poultry and livestock (dolphins: piglets. Don't miss the breeding season, you can eat meat at the age of 70.
One hundred acres of arable land, don't delay its production season, so that families of several people won't go hungry. Carefully set up school education, and repeatedly tell the people the truth of filial piety (:school, Shang (Yin) generation called Xu, Zhou Dynasty called Yu), so that white-haired old people don't pick or carry things on the road.
Seventy years old, people can still wear clothes and eat meat, and ordinary people can't be hungry or frozen. Never before have they reached such a level, but they can't dominate the world. "Pigs and dogs eat people's food, but (nobles) don't stop it. There are people who starve to death on the road, but the government doesn't know how to open the granary to help the people. When people die, they say, "It's not my fault, it's caused by poor years.
What's the difference between this statement and stabbing someone with a knife and saying,' I didn't kill him, it was the murder weapon'? Your Majesty, don't blame Niancheng, then people all over the world (referring to people from other vassal States) will come to submit. Writing background: During the Warring States period, countries competed for hegemony, and frequent wars led to a large number of population migration and casualties.
At that time, there was neither a nationality system nor immigration restrictions, and people were free to find their own paradise. Which country is more stable, more prosperous and happier, move to that country as the subject.
The population of a country is also one of the signs of a country's stability and prosperity. Therefore, all suppliers hope that the population of their country will increase.
Liang is no exception. My Motherland is also selected from Mencius Liang Wang Hui, which is the third chapter in the upper part of this paper.
According to Records of the Historian Wei, in the thirty-fifth year of Liang Huiwang, he "paid a lot of money with humble gifts to recruit talents", so several sages, including Mencius, came to the girder all the way. As soon as they met, Liang wanted to get a good plan of "benefiting the country and the people", while Mencius pointed out that "there is no need to talk about profit, but there is also benevolence and righteousness", pointing out the serious harm in terms of profit and the important significance of practicing benevolence and righteousness.
Another meeting between them was at the edge of a pond where animals were swimming. King Hui of Liang proudly asked Mencius, "Is the sage also happy for this?" Mencius' view is that "sages are happy after this, and non-sages are unhappy after this", and through the comparison of historical facts, it is proved that sages are happy together.
2. Reading classical Chinese (15) Liang said: "I am also in the countryside, and I am doing my best to make a fuss."
Question 2: D.
Question 3: D.
Question 4:
(1) I did my best for my country. (3 points)
(2) If the king understands this truth, don't expect your people to be more than those of neighboring countries. (3 points)
Question 1:
Analysis of test questions: this kind of questions must be combined with the specific context and put the real words back into the original text to understand. Go: Run.
Question 2:
Test analysis: item D means "relying on"; Items a to/and; Item b is so/ adjective suffix, which is meaningless; Take the subject-predicate independence in item C.
Question 3:
Test and analysis: "pot calling the kettle black" is used to describe that he has the same shortcomings and mistakes as others, only to a lesser extent, but laughs at others without knowing it.
Question 4:
Analysis of test questions: when translating such topics, we should first find out the key words or sentence patterns for translation, usually literal translation, and then translate them as a whole except for some figurative words. According to the norms of modern Chinese, words can reach sentence order.