The Chinese nation has a splendid ancient civilization. Since Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, hundreds of schools have been deposed, Confucianism has been respected alone, and a school with a reasonable core and many decadent factors has been established as a school. Since then, China's thought has been forced to belong to Confucianism, and the excellent factors in Confucianism have been carried forward, but the decadent aspects of Confucianism have also become popular.
Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals appeared in the late pre-Qin philosophers. It was eclectic in view of the contention of a hundred schools of thought at that time, and kept the reasonable core of each thought. It can be said that it is a master of pre-Qin philosophers.
For example, regarding the relationship between monarch and minister and parent-child relationship, Confucianism advocates loyalty and filial piety, which is almost unconditional obedience, and there are few corrections from bottom to top. Actually, think about it Is this reasonable? Reality? Science?
Confucianism does not talk about science at all. It is completely one-sided with the old against the new, the old against the young, the monarch against the minister, and the pro-right, which reflects its decadent and stubborn side.
Let's see what Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals says.
"Although you are respectful, white is black, and I won't listen; Although the father is close, black is white, and the son cannot follow. " ("There is a beginning/first one")
Generally speaking, under the condition of insisting on obeying the monarch and the son obeying the father, it is also proposed to have a principle of right and wrong. What is the principle?
"If the husband kills the egg, the phoenix will not die; If the beast eats the fetus, the unicorn will not come; After fishing, the turtle dragon won't go. "
In other words, even if you are a monarch or your parents, you can't go to extremes. If you destroy the bird's nest and take all the eggs, the phoenix won't come again. If all the animals are killed and the cubs are killed together, then Kirin can't come. If you have no fish, the water dries up and the lake dries up, then the tortoise and the dragon will never exist again.
If you go to extremes and drain the people's blood and sweat, then the people will no longer support you, support you, and even go to the opposite side. Therefore, we must insist, "although you respect me, white is black, and I can't listen;" Although the father is close, black is white, and the son cannot follow. "
This is a good revision of Confucianism.
By extension, the same is true of government policies or decrees, and subjects (nationals) should adopt the same attitude. Although the government is strong, white is black, and the people can refuse to accept it; Although officials respect, black is white, and ordinary people have the right to disobey. This provides a legitimate argument for the masses to resist tyranny.
Of course, this is also the reason why the first emperor didn't like Lv Buwei.
In fact, Lv Buwei is a great man and a great scholar, and The Spring and Autumn Annals of Lu is also a masterpiece.
Lu's Spring and Autumn Thoughts (2)
Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals is an essay compiled by the servants of the Prime Minister of Qin at the end of the Warring States Period (about 22 BC1year). Its purpose is to find a theoretical basis for the establishment of a unified feudal centralization of authority, the so-called Lu Lan. It was written in 239 BC, just before Qin unified the six countries.
Before I read the book Lv Chunqiu, I was very interested in the character Lv Buwei in the materials, and I really wanted to know what kind of person he was, and he could organize the compilation of the book Lv Chunqiu, which has been handed down through the ages. Of course, some of the materials are anecdotes and some are historical records, but I still have a general understanding of Lv Buwei. I think Lv Buwei is actually a real businessman. He pursues the maximization of interests in his work. He only cares about interests and shows no mercy. Therefore, he can do whatever it takes. For example, Zi Chu, an aristocrat of the Qin Dynasty who was born in Zhao, was found to have "strange goods to live in". Therefore, he decided to engage in political speculation and planned to support this "Zhu Qinsun" to obtain the right to inherit the throne. Zi Chu ascended the throne as king of Qin Zhuang, and Lv Buwei as prime minister, and was named Wen Xin Hou, eating 6,543,800 households in Luoyang, and his political investment was rewarded. Three years later, King Xiang of Qin Zhuang died, and Prince Ying Zheng became the king, later Qin Shihuang. Lv Buwei is the prime minister, known as "Guan Zhong". Although there are only a few words in the history books, I think we can imagine Lv Buwei's practices and means in the process of obtaining these "achievements" according to his background, personality and other factors. However, despite the diabolical means, when Qin monopolized the political power 12, Lv Buwei adopted the strategy of "making friends far away and attacking near", and vigorously developed commerce at home, greatly enhancing the national strength of Qin and making its trade prosperous. It should be said that when Lv Buwei was in power, the unification of Qin was a foregone conclusion. Later, a unified and centralized Qin Dynasty was established, and Lv Buwei was one of the well-deserved founders. However, it is precisely because of his great ability that he has laid a curse for himself. He knew very well that the new emperor would die as soon as he ascended the throne, so he also opposed it. Of course, he has his own ambition to be an emperor.
Lv Buwei's ambition is equivalent to that of the emperor. I think it can be reflected in many places. For example, during his photo shoot, there were 3,000 diners and 10000 servants. Isn't it disloyal to attract public guests so wantonly? There are also folklore about Qin Shihuang's lineage. It is rumored that Qin Shihuang was the illegitimate child of Lv Buwei. I think Lv Buwei just wanted to vilify Qin Shihuang and improve his position. His mind is very clear. I think Lv Buwei didn't want to unify the State of Qin before the same period, but wanted to enhance his influence among the people, win the support of folk ideology and culture for himself as emperor, and get a reasonable statement for his dictatorship. For example, Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals advocates the promotion of "righteous soldiers". "Just arrived, and the people of neighboring countries returned to the running water. If the people's expectations of the country are parents, they will stay away and they will win the support of the people. " ("Huai Chong") "Lv Chunqiu" believes that it is meaningless and wrong to blindly oppose war. A just war, that is, a war that "has no way to attack the unjust", can not only eliminate violence, but also win the heartfelt support of the people. In fact, this is a defense for Qin's war to unify China. There are also stories about the son of heaven, such as "Listen" in "Zhou Shi's disaster, the son of heaven is dead, and chaos is greater than no son of heaven". In "Hug a Hug", "There must be a son of heaven in the world, and if there is one, it is also embarrassing. One cure, two chaos. " Just to give a reasonable explanation to the king of Qin, so as to achieve the goal of unifying the world, these can also be said to be Lv Buwei's consideration for the state of Qin, but the statement of "governing by doing nothing" in Lv Chunqiu means that governing by doing nothing is also necessary for the way of monarch. He said, "A monarch has nothing false, so he can make everyone wise." Wisdom opposes incompetence, so it can make many people capable. If you can't do anything, you can make everyone do it. No wisdom, incompetence, inaction, what this gentleman did. "Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals also has the idea of" doing nothing and doing everything ",saying:" The Great Sage has nothing to do and does his best. ""good is king, tired of discussing people, worrying about governing things. "Lu Chunqiu believes that this superficial" inaction "can achieve the purpose of" governing the country by preserving things. " These are all Lv Buwei's own dictatorial excuses! It can even be said that it is the right of the emperor to talk about "media propaganda" for him to ascend to the throne.
My evaluation of Lv Buwei is: he has made indelible contributions to the great cause of Qin reunification and is a hero; 12 dictatorial and even ambitious, wanting to be emperor. And his professional ability and vision are admirable. There are always different opinions about the historical evaluation of Lu Chunqiu. After reading it, I admire the wisdom of the ancients, and I have many feelings and ideas, but I feel the deepest and want to write some personal opinions about Lv Buwei. I don't want to deny Lu Chunqiu, but to write my own views on its organizers and editors.
Lu's Spring and Autumn Thoughts (3)
"Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals" is a classic, which is particularly awesome in the current buzzwords. It is said that at that time, "with more than 100,000 words, everything in the world was prepared for ancient and modern events, and it was called" Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals ",which violently attacked Xianyang City Gate, and there were people who could gain or lose a word and their daughters." This is so confident and imposing. Of course, no one really goes out to embellish it, but he can't, but he dare not. The root cause is that the real boss of this book is behind the scenes, and he is Lv Buwei.
This book, "taking morality as the standard, inaction as the discipline, loyalty as the style and fairness as the criterion", brings together the theories of various schools of thought and surpasses them. Generally speaking, Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals is like a pot of stew, but it's delicious and worth tasting.
Reading Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals has an important content that should not be ignored, that is, "keeping in good health". These contents are mainly concentrated in Meng, Zhong and Ji Chun Ji, because spring is related to life. "Things also, so raises a gender, not so raises a gender. People in this world are confused and tend to raise things by sex, but they don't know the weight. " This passage is only addressed to us. Everything in the world was originally used to maintain our lives, not to nourish everything with our lives, that is to say, things serve people, not the other way around. People should not be tired of things, not to mention being enslaved by things. But unfortunately, too many people in modern society have reversed this vital relationship, and many people have ruined their lives because of material desires. They really don't know what light is and what is important. A society full of material desires will inevitably breed degeneration and corruption, and will inevitably produce chaos and ugliness.
Lu's Spring and Autumn Thoughts (4)
The sixth chapter of Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals, "Erotic Words", tells that Qin and Zhao joined forces in Shengchi and reached an agreement that "Qin wants to do things, Zhao wants to help, and Qin wants to help". Later, Qin attacked Wei and Zhao helped him. Qin noted Zhao: "According to the agreement, Qin attacked Wei and Zhao should help Qin. Why should Zhao help Zhao? " Zhao said, "If Zhao wants to help Wei, Qin should help Zhao. Why attack Wei? " This dog-eat-dog sophistry is called obscenity.
In the three joint communiques after the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and the United States, it has been made clear that "People's Republic of China (PRC) is the sole legitimate government of China and the United States supports the one-China principle". Whenever China tries to improve cross-strait relations by peaceful means, the United States always sells weapons to Taiwan Province Province.
The United States argued that "the communique did not clearly stipulate when to terminate the arms sales, so the arms sales were reasonable. I hope the China government will not misinterpret the communique. There is nothing, everything is in black and white. Don't be unreasonable, don't make things out of nothing, and don't take it for granted. The United States cautiously established diplomatic relations with China and broke off diplomatic relations with the authorities in Taiwan Province Province. If it has new friends, it will not abandon its old friends and leave Taiwan Province Province to China. Chinese mainland's military superiority has always suppressed Taiwan Province Province, because the existence of the United States has not succeeded. 1979 After the US military personnel were completely evacuated from Taiwan Province Province, it was of course necessary to provide arms to Taiwan Province Province to achieve the same effect. The United States opposes any party on both sides of the strait changing the status quo by force. Although this is not written in the communique, China should also understand that peace can only be achieved in a balanced way. Once the balance is broken, war is inevitable. In the communique, the United States stated that it would gradually reduce its arms sales to Taiwan Province. This is based on the premise that Taiwan Province Province can maintain its own balance. With Russian arms sales to China continuing, it is very dangerous for Taiwan Province Province not to upgrade its armament accordingly. Moving the balance to the mainland violates the spirit of the communique. "
China said: "Since the Republic of China is the only country for the people of China, the United States should help China attack Taiwan Province Province instead of assisting Wei as Zhao did. The Sino-US Communiqué is like the Covenant between Qin and Zhao. Although there is no explicit provision in the announcement to stop arms sales to Taiwan, and the United States helps the People's Liberation Army to attack Taiwan Province Province, it means that there must be. I hope the U.S. government will not play dumb, be a good friend of the people of China, and not bring bad influence to Taiwan Province Province. If the United States had not helped Taiwan Province Province, the authorities in Taiwan Province Province would have collapsed long ago.