The four sisters in Hefei refer to Zhang Yuanhe, Zhang Yunhe, Zhang Zhaohe and Zhang Chonghe. If I were a man, I could choose one of the four sisters. What I want to marry most is not the most famous third sister Zhao He, but my little sister Chonghe.
Before I knew the existence of harmony, I thought that the boudoir had disappeared from China. It is totally unimaginable that today, on the other side of the ocean tens of thousands of kilometers away from me, an old man of 10 1 still maintains the way of life at the beginning of the last century: every morning, he grinds ink and practices calligraphy, recites poems and writes lyrics, and occasionally holds an elegant Kunqu opera collection with his peers, and engages in music, lectures and fun all day.
The old man is Zhang Chonghe, who lives in Yale University now.
She came from the distant Republic of China and grew up in the old moonlight and ancient customs. Her name was once associated with Shen Congwen, Bian and others, and became a legend of that era. Now, her old friend died young, and times are different. Her time has passed forever, but she still chooses to live in her time and leave home for Wan Li. This is a miracle, a miracle that belongs only to her.
Unlike Lin and other celebrities in the Republic of China, the four sisters of the Zhang family belong to the traditional sense of ladies. Their hobbies, talents and even minds are good? Old school? Even though the times are full of ups and downs and life is wandering, they still stubbornly maintain their elegant lifestyle. Times have influenced their life trajectory, but the essence of their life has not changed. This is particularly prominent in the person in charge:
She was admitted to Peking University, with full marks in Chinese and zero in mathematics.
She married a foreigner, Hans Hermannt Frankel, but he is a sinologist who is more proficient in China history than she is.
She teaches at Yale University in the United States, but she teaches China's most traditional calligraphy and Kunqu opera.
She often studied China art with an American lady named Mimi, who later became Bill Gates' stepmother.
When she was young, she sang Kunqu opera on the Lanzhou boat in Suzhou Humble Administrator's Garden. Today, she still composes music with people in her apartment in Yale. Shi Guwen Gu Mo in Qianlong period is treasured in her box, and in her attic, a famous guqin master gave her a famous piano when she got married? Frost bell? In the small garden cultivated by her own hands, Toona sinensis, bamboo and peony flowers from her hometown are in full bloom. Zhang Daqian once painted famous paintings on this cluster of peonies.
Zhang Daqian even drew a picture of a beautiful woman for Chonghe, which was painted during the Anti-Japanese War. There is only a slender figure in the painting, performing Kunqu opera in costume, with wide sleeves and a cloud bun, which seems to fly away.
Perhaps after a long time, looking back at China's art history will fill the impression left to future generations, which is such a faint figure. Even in the best years, she seems to have no intention of showing her beauty positively.
Chonghe was born in a big family in Hefei, and his great-grandfather Zhang Shusheng was a general of Huai Army, and the official was the governor of Guangdong and Guangxi. Dai Chong and his father Zhang Wuling, already? Abandon the martial arts and join the literature? He simply left Hefei and founded Le Yi Girls' Middle School in Suzhou.
Chonghe was born in Shanghai. Before giving birth to her, her mother Lu Ying had given birth to three daughters in succession, so the birth of Chonghe did not bring too many surprises to this family. When she was born, she was called. Sister kitten? The youngest sister, Liu Ying, is really looking forward to having a son behind her. After Chonghe gave birth, her mother cried all day, and Lu Ying had to take care of the baby all night and a large family. She is very tired.
An aunt of Chonghe was distressed by Lu Ying, and offered to adopt Xiao Maojie, but offered to find someone to divine, fearing that her hard life would hinder her children. Lu Ying said cheerfully:? She has her own life, and no one can stop her. ? I gave the expenses to my aunt. Later, I admired and recalled, because my mother had a big heart. Considering that his aunt and uncle had no offspring and needed to adopt a child as an heir, Lu Ying later adopted her fourth son, Yu He, to relatives.
My aunt and uncle took her back to her hometown in Hefei and lived there until she was sixteen. My aunt and uncle are nieces of Li Hongzhang. She is knowledgeable and attaches great importance to Xiao Chonghe's education. She once hired a gentleman as a teacher. Mr. Wang is very angry about the imperial examination and loves to teach parallel prose and the like. She felt dissatisfied, so she gave him a new teacher. The teacher's name is Zhu, and he is a disciple of Wu Changshuo. He is both talented and open-minded. He taught Chonghe to learn ancient Chinese, starting with sentence breaking. As soon as he started class, he gave her an article "Biography of Xiang Yu" and asked her to break sentences with a red pen. He also specially compiled a book of homophones to explain the meaning of words.
Chonghe likes this gentleman very much. What is the reason why he likes it? He advocates explaining rather than reciting? Another reason is? He didn't expect Gu Mo to cheat me? . A Chonghe elder once gave her a few ingots of Gu Mo for her to practice calligraphy. When Mr. Zhu saw it, he reminded her. You write at home, don't use such good whole ink, just use broken ink. ? The value of Gu Mo is very high. When he first arrived in America, he was embarrassed and reluctantly sold Shifang Ink. At that time, he sold 10 thousand yuan.
Teacher Zhu also specially got a tablet of Yan and taught her to practice calligraphy. Chonghe said that Yanbei laid a good foundation. Until she is old, she will go to Bay every few years. Unfortunately, the rubbings of later generations are all framed, and the fonts are too fat, so they are completely out of shape when copying.
Yes, compared with the pedantic Mr. Chen in Peony Pavilion, Mr. Zhu is really cute. No wonder Chunxiang is going to play school. At that time, the education was that Mr. Zhu and his students lived together day and night, and he followed Mr. Zhu from the age of nine to sixteen. During these seven years, Mr. Zhu was the only student, and he should be left with more than profound knowledge of Chinese studies.
After the death of his aunt, sixteen-year-old Chonghe returned to Jiuru Lane in Suzhou. The father founded a girls' school, and the three sisters received a combination of Chinese and western education, which was completely different from Chonghe's private school education. Sisters are westernized and old knowledge is the best.
A little thing happened between sisters in their teens, from which we can see their different personalities. After Chonghe came back, she was once assigned to be a student of her second sister Yunhe, and Yunhe gave her a new name? Wang Zhizhi? I also took the initiative to embroider this name on Chonghe's bag. He looked very unhappy and asked. No one changed their names and surnames, and they were always clever and speechless, so they had to tear off the embroidered words bit by bit. I can't help but vomit, Wang Zhizhi, this name is really red and professional.
Among the three sisters, Chonghe gets along best with his younger brother Yu He. Yu He was also adopted by relatives when he was a child. At this time, both of them have just returned to their homes in Suzhou. Yu He is big and cautious. She takes special care of this little sister and often takes her everywhere.
Life in Suzhou has another lifelong hobby-Kunqu Opera. Both Zhang Wuling and Lu Ying are opera lovers. Zhang Wuling specially invited You Cai Yun from Suzhou Quanfu Class to teach children to sing opera. As a result, the daughters also like Kunqu opera.
Among the four sisters, the elder sister Yuanhe is the most obsessed with Kunqu opera. She especially liked performing on stage, and later even married Gu Chuanjun, a famous young student. What about harmony? Is it more Kunqu opera? Play? She once said: they like to perform on the stage and face the audience; I'm used to being alone and doing my own thing. ? When she lived in Suzhou Humble Administrator's Garden, it was said that she often sang Kunqu Opera alone on the Lanzhou boat at night.
When recalling the past of National Southwest Associated University, Wang Zengqi also mentioned the characteristics of being full and not loving to get together. In the article, he wrote:? There is a person who has never done music with us or participated in the same period, but her singing style has had a great influence in the music club? ,? She is very particular about singing, and her words are exquisite and meticulous. Really? Water mill cavity? . We sang it? Fansi? 、? School? 、? Yaotai? It's all in her singing style (she has made several records). She sang it? Vomiting , charming careless drunk mei, if overwhelmed, incomparable? .
Unfortunately, there was no video. It is hard for us to imagine how charming and intoxicating she was when she sang Kunqu opera when she was young. Fortunately, Zhang Daqian retained her charm with a beautiful picture. We only know that during the Anti-Japanese War, she surprised Chongqing at that time with a "Dream in the Garden". In the late 1980s, to commemorate the 300th anniversary of Tang Xianzu's birth, she returned to China and performed a dream in the garden with her sister Yuanhe, which still won a full house applause. One of the stills was awarded by Yu Pingbo? What are the most meaningful stills? .
At the age of twenty-one, he was admitted to Peking University with full marks in Chinese and zero marks in mathematics.
At that time, she was afraid that she would not pass the exam, so she used an alias exam? Zhang Xuan? When Hu Shi met her after entering school, he said, Zhang Xuan, I remember you were not good at math. ? She was startled and thought it might be retirement. The teacher in the department comforted her and said that Hu Shi was bluffing, so what did he come in to make up for?
In the Chinese Department of Peking University, Zhang Chonghe has heard Hu Shi talk about literature and philosophy. Qian Mu, Yu Pingbo and Wen Yiduo are all her teachers. But Chonghe is more interested in the world outside the school. In Tsinghua, next to Peking University, there is a professional Kunqu teacher who often attends classes. After that, she dropped out of school. Suffering from lung disease is one reason, and another reason is that she is not interested in school political gatherings and reading parties.
After dropping out of school, Chonghe went to Kunming with Shen Congwen's family, lived with his sister and brother-in-law, and then returned to Beijing. She still lives in Shen Congwen's house. In her eyes, this third brother-in-law is a quiet but talented person. I have always felt that among the four sisters, Yunhe and Chonghe have no deeper understanding of Shen Congwen. After Shen Congwen's death, Chonghe, who was far away from home, sent a eulogy: uncompromising and kind; The stars hold the moon, and the son is a man. ? There are only sixteen words, but I wrote Shen Congwen's life, which can be described as Shen Congwen's bosom friend. Later, these sixteen words were engraved on the tombstone of Shen Congwen in western Hunan.
After the outbreak of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, he worked in the Concert Hall of Chongqing Ministry of Education, made friends with celebrities such as Shen and Zhang, and studied calligraphy with Shen. What did Shen Yinmo say about her? Ming people learn to write Jin books? Very high evaluation. In Su Wei's Tianya Night Flute, an interesting story is told. Shen is very gentlemanly. He once insisted on taking buses and buses. He is highly nearsighted, so he is worried that he can't find his way home. He deliberately didn't get on the bus and followed him secretly until he got home safely. This group of teachers and students sounds like the first-class figures in Shi Shuo Xin Yu.
Calligraphy can be said to be a love of life. She once said that she doesn't like dressing up or gold and silver jewelry, but she must use the best pen, the best ink and the best ink. As a result of practicing calligraphy for a long time, her arm muscles are still as strong as girls when she is old. During that time in Chongqing, she insisted on writing even though she often had to run the alarm. The bomb shelter is next to the table. She stood at the table and practiced the small letters one by one. When the alarm goes off, she can quickly get into the hole and escape.
When it comes to women, there is always a love word. Filling and reconciliation was first known to the public because of a love affair.
The protagonist of the incident is no stranger to everyone. He was the famous poet Bian at that time. The legendary famous song? You stand on the bridge and watch the scenery, and the people watching the scenery look at you upstairs. The bright moon decorated your window and you decorated other people's dreams? , is the poet for filling.
Bian is a close friend of Shen Congwen. At that time, Chonghe lived in his brother-in-law's house, and the two met. Yu Chonghe has only one friend like water, but Bian Yuzhilin has a goddess whom she worships all her life. Bian, lover and love became almost an open secret in the literary world at that time. He kept writing to her, and even after she got married, he went to America, and he still kept working. He painstakingly collected her words and sent them to Hong Kong for publication without her knowledge. He pursued her for ten years until he was 45 years old, and his love for her lasted for most of his life.
However, many years later, I talked to my friend and student Su Wei about it? Loved one? Zhang Chonghe said? This is a completely false story, saying that the beloved is a little reluctant. I haven't been in love with him at all, so I can't talk about suffering. ? There may be hundreds of letters he wrote to her carefully, but she lost them after reading them and never answered them. She thought this attitude was clear, but he kept writing to her. When Su Wei asked, why didn't you make it clear to him? Answer at him:? He never said it was a pleasure. How can I not say it? ?
In Yong's impression, Bian is very unhappy, even withdrawn, and his personality is more convergent and sensitive. Can't provoke, once provoked? The type of. So she's always afraid? Provocative? She never dared to go out with him alone, or even go to the theater. The reason why rumors of loved ones are circulated may be that the way the parties confess and refuse is too euphemistic.
Bian Zhilin is not her type. She likes cheerful and simple people, and Hans Hermannt Frankel, who was selected later, is this type. Apart from sex, Bian's talent can't impress him. He was famous for his new poems at that time, but he was not attracted by Bian and his poems. She thought Bian was a poem? Lack of depth? , people also? Not deep enough? ,? Show off? . I can't help it The academic background and aesthetic pursuit are different, so I am immersed in the old school all my life. The bright moon decorated your dream? I really can't appreciate it.
Alas, Bian never stopped worshipping him. 1953, Bian went to Suzhou to attend a meeting and happened to be received and lived in his former residence. Sitting in front of the empty table left by the original owner on autumn night, the spoony poet rummaged through the drawers and caught a glimpse of a pile of manuscripts that nobody cared about. In fact, they were several manuscripts exchanged by Shen Weizhuan, so he took them away as treasures and treasured them for more than 20 years. When Bian visited the United States in 1980, she reunited with Zhong He after a long separation and returned the manuscript to its original owner. He said that he was just unrequited love, but even if it was unrequited love, it could last for so long and the feelings were so strong, even if it didn't get a response, it was touching enough.
1948, Chonghe married Hans Hermannt Frankel in the gunfire. That year, she was thirty-five years old. She and Hans Hermannt Frankel also met at Shen Congwen's home. At first, Hans Hermannt Frankel came to see Shen Congwen, and later he came to see her specially. Even Shen Congwen's son Tiger called him affectionately? Fourth aunt fu bobo? .
When I was in Chongqing, Zhang gave me a poem and compared her to. Who does Wenxi live in? Eighteen beards only feel sorry for themselves. ? This made Zhang Chonghe very unhappy. What does she think this metaphor is? Meaning neither fish nor fowl? . Until she married Hans Hermannt Frankel, she often laughed at herself: He was right, I married the conference semifinals.
I am satisfied with Hans Hermannt Frankel's lifelong partner. She didn't mention him many times, saying that Hans was a simple good man and didn't know when he was bullied. Coincidentally, this couple, who are a blend of Chinese and western cultures, have the same interests. They are all lovers of China's traditional culture. They say that Hans has a profound knowledge of Sinology and knows more about the history of China than she does, and it is only after writing one article after another that he is convinced.
The biggest influence of this marriage on Chonghe was that she finally chose to cross the ocean. During the period of 1949, the whole China is facing earth-shaking changes, and it is fully and sensitively aware that there is no room for your favorite dreams in China in the future.
? We should let those? Great flexibility and adaptability? People accept the socialist revolution. ? So Chonghe boarded a ship named "General Dunton" in Shanghai and went to the United States with one, several brushes and a box for more than 500 years.
This person, who is most fascinated by China's traditional culture, finally chose to leave his hometown. Unexpectedly, more than 20 years later, when she left, the culture she was obsessed with was rudely taken away from the land of her old country. Shen Congwen, the third brother-in-law, was forced to clean the ladies' room, and Zhou Youguang, the second brother-in-law, was sent to the farm. But living alone overseas, she has retained a small world of traditional culture. Although the world is small, it is enough to accommodate an elegant and clean soul.
There is a particularly interesting metaphor, which is to worship and write poems. What did she say she wrote? Spitting everywhere, not cleaning up? .
When she said this, she was already over ninety years old. She spoke her mind. She is really innocent and lovely.
I have been fascinated by art all my life, but I have always maintained an old-school attitude, whether it is calligraphy or poetry. I wrote it as soon as I wrote it. I never thought of publishing it, let alone occupying a place in the history of art.
She started writing a long time ago and lost it when she wrote it. She has never published any books on her own initiative in her life. However, the poet who secretly loved her was infatuated, and privately collected all her works published in newspapers and brought them to Hong Kong for printing. When she was teaching at Yale, a foreign student printed a book of poems for her at her own expense. The name is beautiful, it's called Peach Blossom Fish, and the binding is also beautiful. Income is only a dozen poems. When she was 100 years old, Zhang Chonghe's series of works were published by Guangxi Normal University Press, including Tianya Evening Flute, Clawing Claws and Ancient Golden Fragrance, all of which were filled out by accident.
She has no intention of passing on her works from generation to generation. Everything she does keeps pace with the times. She once said: I write, draw, sing Kunqu opera, write poems and plant flowers and grass for fun. I never want to show it to others. ? Su Wei recalled that when he and foreign students were learning calligraphy from Chonghe, Chonghe often taught them to write on paper with clear water. They tried to persuade her to write on rice paper with ink for preservation. Unexpectedly, the gentle old man got angry and insisted on writing with clear water.
The epitaph of the English poet Keats reads: Here lies a man whose name is written on the water. So is Chong He? Write your name on the water? People. The process of writing is the process of disappearing, like birds flying by, but there is no trace in the sky.
However, such an old-fashioned person may not like this new poetic sentence. There is a similar meaning in her own poems, which is enough to sum up her life: she is cold, has a bosom friend, and has a lingering life.
This song is faint and is the legacy of the ancient rhyme of the Republic of China. With the passing of that era, it has become a swan song.
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