Moonlit Night on the Riverside is known as "overwhelming the whole Tang Dynasty with solitary poems" because it follows the old theme of Sui Chen Yuefu, and depicts a beautiful moonlit night on the riverside with a beautiful pen full of life, with the moon as the main body and the river as the scene.

Introduction of works

Moonlit Night on the Spring River is the work of Tang Dynasty poet Zhang, which is included in the whole Tang poetry.

This poem follows the old theme of Sui Chen Yuefu, with a beautiful pen full of life breath, taking the moon as the main body and the river as the scene, and depicts a beautiful and distant picture of the moon by the river, expressing the sincere and touching parting of the wandering wife and the understanding of life philosophy, showing the unique cosmic consciousness and creating a deep, vast and quiet realm. There are thirty-six sentences in the whole poem, and every four sentences change rhyme. The whole poem integrates poetry, artistic conception and philosophy. The artistic conception is ethereal and bright, the imagination is strange, the language is natural and meaningful, and the rhythm is melodious. It washed away the thick and greasy powder in the palace of the Six Dynasties, which has high aesthetic value. Known as "a solitary poem covers the whole Tang Dynasty".

original work

Flowers on the river under the moonlight in spring

Lian Haiping is in the spring tide, and the bright moon on the sea is born in the tide.

I drift thousands of miles, where there is no moon by the river!

The river flows around Fangdian, and the moonlight shines on the flower forest like graupel.

Frost flows in the air, you can't fly, but you can't see the white sand on the pavilion.

There is no dust in the sky on the river, and there is a lonely moon in the sky.

Who saw the moon by the river for the first time? When did Jiang Yue take the photo at the beginning of the year?

Life is endless from generation to generation, and Jiang Yue is similar year after year.

I don't know who Jiang Yue is waiting for, but I see the Yangtze River delivering water.

The white clouds have gone, and Qingfeng is at a loss.

Who will go boating tonight? Where do you miss Mingyue Building?

Poor people wander upstairs for the moon, so they should leave someone to fill the mirror.

The curtain of the jade pot could not be rolled up, but it was brushed back on the anvil.

At this time, I don't know each other. I hope China will shine on you every month.

Hongyan flies in the sky, and fish Long Qian jumps in the water.

Last night, I dreamed that the idle pool had fallen, and the poor spring had not returned.

In spring, the river flows away, and the pond falls in the moon and the west.

The slanting moon hides the sea fog, and Jieshi Xiaoxiang Road is infinite.

I don't know how many people return home every month, and the moon is full of rivers and trees.

Sentence annotation

Rudder (Yan) Rudder: The appearance of waves.

Diàn: A country full of flowers and plants. Yunnan, a suburb.

Ann: Small white opaque ice particles falling in the sky. What is described here is the crystal white of spring flowers in the moonlight.

Frost flow: flying frost. The ancients thought that frost, like snow, fell from the air, so it was called flowing frost. The metaphor here is that the moonlight is bright and hazy, and I don't think there is frost flying.

TΟ ng (tρ ng): the flat land near the water in Zhou Xiao.

Fine dust: fine dust.

Moon wheel: refers to the moon, because it looks like a wheel when it is full moon, so it is called the moon wheel.

Poor: exhausted.

Hope: a "only".

But see: see, see.

Youyou: slender and far-reaching.

Qingfeng shop: place name, there is Qingfeng shop in Liuyang County, Hunan Province today. Here generally refers to the place where homeless people are. The implication of the sentence "There is a maple on the Zhanjiang River, looking at it for thousands of miles, hurting the heart of spring" in "The Songs of Chu Evocation" implies the meaning of parting.

Boat: a wanderer in the Jianghu. Boat, boat.

Yue Ming Mansion: a boudoir in the moonlight. This refers to thinking about women in the boudoir.

Wandering under the moon: refers to the moonlight shining on the boudoir, lingering, making people lovesick.

Leaving people: this refers to thinking about women. Dressing table: dressing table.

Jade pot: describes the magnificent pavilions with jade inlaid.

Clothing anvil (zhēn): clothing stone, cloth stone.

Mutual message: exchange messages.

Step by step: follow. Moonlight: Moonlight.

Text: Same as "Wen".

Idle pool: a quiet pool.

Xie (Jie) Shi Xiaoxiang: Jie Shi, the mountain name, is on the coast of Bohai Sea. Xiaoxiang, Xiangjiang and Xiaoshui are in Hunan today. The two place names here, one south and the other north, mean that the road is far away and there is no hope of meeting each other. Endless road: extreme words, away from the crowd.

Riding the moon: using moonlight.

Shake feelings: stir up feelings or talk about family ties.

Translation of works

In spring, the river tide is mighty, connected with the sea, and a bright moon rises from the sea, as if spewing out with the tide.

The moonlight shines on the riverside. The waves are thousands of miles away, and the moonlight shines everywhere on the Chunjiang River.

The river winds around Yuan Ye, where there are many flowers and plants. The moonlight shines on the blooming trees like fine snow beads.

The moonlight is like frost, so the frost cannot be observed. The white sand and moonlight on the mainland blend together and can't be seen clearly.

The river and the sky are the same color, without any tiny dust, only a solitary moon hangs high in the sky.

Who first saw the moon by the river, and when did the moon on the river shine on people for the first time?

Endless, endless, only the moon on the river, year after year, always similar.

I don't know who the moon on the river is waiting for, but the Yangtze River has been carrying flowing water.

The wanderer slowly left like white clouds, leaving only the homesick woman standing in the parting green maple.

Which vagrant is drifting on the boat tonight? Where is someone lovesick upstairs in the bright moon?

The moonlight that keeps moving upstairs should shine on the dressing table of people who leave.

The moonlight shines into the curtain of Sifu, but it won't open. It shines on her anvil and cannot be brushed away.

At this time, I look at the moon but I can't hear each other's voice. I hope to shine on you with moonlight.

Hongyan keeps flying, but it can't fly out of the boundless moonlight; The moon shines on the river, and ichthyosaurs jump in the water, causing ripples.

Last night, I dreamed of falling flowers in the idle pool, but unfortunately I didn't return in half spring.

The river will run out with the spring, and the moon on the pool will set in the west.

The slanting moon slowly sinks and hides in the sea fog, and the distance between Jieshi and Xiaoxiang is infinitely far away.

I don't know how many people can go home by moonlight, but the setting sun is swaying and spreading all over the Woods by the river.

Creation background

Moonlit Night by the River is the title of Yuefu's Wu Sheng. It is said that it was written by Chen Houzhu in the Southern Dynasties, and the original words are no longer there. According to Le Er in Old Tang Dynasty, Moonlight by the River, Flowers in the Garden of Yushu and Opening the Hall were written by Chen Houzhu. Uncle Bao often writes poems with female bachelors and courtiers in the palace. He Xu is also good at writing poems. He chooses those particularly gorgeous ones for this song. "Later, the emperor Yang Di wrote this song again. The 47-volume Yuefu Poems collected seven articles on a moonlit night on a spring river, including two by Emperor Yang Di. Zhang's poems, written for the purpose of fiction, are the most famous, though different from the original tune.

It is difficult to confirm the specific creation year of this poem, but there are three opinions about the creation place of this poem: Wei Minghua, director of Yangzhou Cultural Research Institute, believes that the poet created this poem by standing on the edge of Qujiang in the southern suburbs of Yangzhou to enjoy the moon and watch the tide, expressing his feelings and showing the scenery around Qujiang in the Tang Dynasty; Gao Huinian, who has been engaged in the study of Guazhou literature and history for a long time, believes that this poem was written in Guazhou and shows the poetic beauty of Guazhou ancient town. Gu Ren, a scholar who has been engaged in the study of bridge literature and history for a long time, believes that this poem was written along the Yangtze River in the south of Daqiao Town, Jiangdu District, Yangzhou City.

works appreciation

The title of this poem embodies the most touching beauty of life with five things: spring, river, flowers, moon and night, which constitutes a fascinating and wonderful artistic realm. The whole poem starts with scenery, emotion and reason in turn. The first part describes the beautiful scenery of the Chunjiang River. The second part is about Jiang Yue's emotion. The third part wrote the thoughts of the wandering women's parting.

The poet began to solve the problem and drew a magnificent picture of a moonlit night by the river: the river and the tide are connected with the sea, and the moon is born in the tide. The sea here is empty. The river tide is boundless, as if connected with the sea, with great momentum. At this time, a bright moon was born with the tide, and the scene was very spectacular. A word "destiny" gives the bright moon and the tide a fresh life. The moonlight shines thousands of miles away, and there is no river in the bright moon. In spring, the river winds around Yuan Ye, where flowers and plants are everywhere, and the moonlight falls on the flower trees like a layer of snow. At the same time, he skillfully paid the title of "Moonlight on a Spring River". The poet's observation of moonlight is extremely subtle. Moonlight washed the colorful things in the world and turned the world into a dreamy Yin Hui color. Therefore, "the frost flows in the air and the white sand on the pavilion is invisible", only the bright moonlight exists. Delicate brushwork creates a mythical and wonderful realm, which makes the moonlit night by the river look extraordinarily beautiful and quiet. These eight sentences, from big to small, from far to near, gradually condensed on a lonely moon.

The clear universe of heaven and earth seems to make people enter a pure world, which naturally causes the poet's reverie and meditation: "Who saw the moon by the river?" When did Jiang Yue take the photo at the beginning of the year? "The poet leaps forward in thought, but closely connects with life and explores the philosophy of life and the mystery of the universe. However, it is unique here. Instead of falling into the trap of predecessors, it has turned out a new idea: "Life is endless, and Jiang Yue is similar year after year. "Personal life is fleeting, but human existence is long-lasting, so" endless "life and" similar year after year "bright moon can be * * *. Although the poet is temporarily sad about life, it is not decadence and despair, but because of his pursuit and love for life.

"I don't know who Jiang Yue is waiting for, just watching the Yangtze River deliver water" is closely related to the previous sentence "looks similar". Life goes on from generation to generation, so does Jiangyue every year. A lonely moon lingers in the sky as if waiting for someone, but it will never come true. In the moonlight, only the river rapids are rushing away. With the flow of the river, poetry is full of waves, pushing poetry to a more far-reaching realm. There is enmity between Jiang and Yue, and running water is ruthless. The poet naturally turned his brushwork from the natural scenery in the first half to the image of life, which led to the separation of men and women in the second half.

The four sentences of Baiyun are always written on a moonlit night, thinking about the feelings of his wife and wanderer. "Baiyun" and "Qingfeng Spectrum" are lyrical. The floating white clouds symbolize that the whereabouts of the "boat" are unknown. "Qingfeng Pu" is a place name, but "Feng" and "Pu" are often used as other scenery and places in poetry. The words "whose home" and "where" have different meanings. Because there is more than one place, don't hate it. The poet puts forward such a problem, a kind of acacia, which leads to the separation of the two places, one after another, poetic twists and turns.

The next eight sentences "poor" and "where" write down the memory of people who want to leave. But the poet doesn't directly think about a woman's sadness and tears, but uses the "moon" to set off her nostalgia, and the sadness and tears come out. The poem personifies the "moon" and the word "wandering" is extremely vivid: first, the clouds are swimming, so the light and shadow are uncertain; Second, the moonlight lingers upstairs, pitying the thinking woman. It wanted to accompany Sifu and relieve her troubles, so it sprinkled soft light on the dresser, on the jade curtain and on the anvil. Unexpectedly, I miss my wife more than anything. She tried to get rid of the annoying moonlight, but the moonlight "rolled away" and "brushed back" and sincerely attached to her. Here, the two spoony actions of "rolling" and "brushing" vividly show the anxiety and confusion of thinking about women. * * * Looking at the moonlight, we can't know each other, so we have to rely on the moon to send love to you from afar. "Hongyan flies too long and doesn't shine" also implies that fish and geese can't send messages.

In the last eight sentences, the poet used fallen flowers, flowing water and waning moon to set off homesickness. "Flat Boat" even dreamed of going home-flowers fall into a secluded pool, spring is getting old, people are still far away, and the spring river is flowing, leaving behind not only natural spring, but also the youth, happiness and longing of wanderers. The moon fell on the pond, setting off his miserable and lonely mood. Thick sea fog hides the falling moon; Jieshi and Xiaoxiang are far apart, and the road is so far. The word "heavy" aggravated his loneliness; The Infinite Road also deepened his homesickness infinitely. He thought: I wonder how many people can take the moon back to their hometown on this beautiful night with a full moon by the river. His unrequited love, accompanied by the light of the waning moon, sprinkled in the Woods by the river. "The falling moon shakes the trees all over the river", the "shaking feelings" in this sentence-endless thoughts, intertwined with the feelings of moonlight, wanderers and poets, fell on the trees by the river, and also fell on the hearts of readers, which is fascinating.

"Moonlit Night on the Spring River" transcends the previous landscape poems that simply shape mountains and rivers, the philosophical poems that "yearn for the infinity of the universe and mourn the moment of my life", and the love poems that express the feelings of children leaving. Poets have injected new meanings into these common traditional themes, blending poetry, artistic conception and philosophy They praised the beautiful scenery of nature, eulogized the pure love between human beings, expanded their sympathy for stray women, and combined it with the pursuit of life philosophy and the exploration of the mysteries of the universe, thus blending it into a kind of love, scenery and harmony. The poet deliberately hides the profound and beautiful artistic world in a vague artistic atmosphere, and the whole poem seems to be shrouded in an ethereal and confused moonlight, attracting readers to explore the true meaning of beauty.

The whole poem takes spring, river, flowers, moon and night as the background and the moon as the main body. "Moon" is a blend of scenes in the poem, beating the pulse of the poet, and it is like a life bond in the whole poem. It runs through ups and downs, and poetry rises and falls with the birth and fall of the moon. The moon went through the process of rising, hanging high, setting in the west and setting in the sun overnight. In the moonlight, rivers, beaches, sky, Yuan Ye, maple trees, flower forests, flying frost, white sand, boats, tall buildings, dressing tables, anvil stones, flying geese, diving ichthyosaurs, sleepless women and wandering wanderers form a complete poetic image, showing a picture full of philosophy and life interest. The color of this picture scroll is light and rich. Although sketched in ink and wash, it is "ink in the colorful", showing colorful artistic effects from the complementary of black and white and the coexistence of reality and reality. It is like an elegant China ink painting, which reflects the beautiful artistic conception of the moonlit night by the river.

The composition structure of Moonlit Night on a Spring River is mainly neat, which varies with the clutter. The rhythm of poetry is also very distinctive. The poet's emotional melody in his poems is extremely tragic, but it is neither a sad bamboo nor a complicated string, but a serenade or dream like a violin, which is meaningful and meaningful. The inner feelings of poetry are so warm and deep, but they are natural and peaceful, as regular and rhythmic as the pulse, and the rhythm of poetry fluctuates accordingly. The whole poem has 36 sentences, four rhymes and nine rhymes. It started with the level of Geng rhyme, followed by the level of Yue rhyme, Zhen rhyme, Paper rhyme, You rhyme, Grey rhyme, Wen rhyme and Ma rhyme, and ended with Yu rhyme. The poet mixed Yang rhyme with Yin rhyme, alternating high and low tones, and the order was loud (Geng, Shuo and Zhen)-subtle (paper)-soft (especially, gray)-loud (literary, hemp)-subtle (encounter). The whole poem changes with the change of rhyme, and the use of flat tones is staggered, singing three sighs and calling around, which is repetitive and continuous, with a strong and beautiful sense of music rhythm. This change in pronunciation and charm is in the same strain as the ups and downs of poetry, which can be described as a harmonious combination of sound and text. Syntactically, parallelism, antithesis and flowing pairs are widely used, and the cohesion and integration are wonderful, and the article is full of charm.

Famous comments

Hu Yinglin: Zhang's Moonlit Night on a Spring River was published smoothly and tactfully in Pulsatilla, but it can't stand the test of generations. There is no doubt about the detailed system in the early Tang Dynasty. ("Poetry")

Nishino Ang: The words "shake" and "full" move in a magical way, and the purpose of reading cannot be instantaneous. ("Direct Interpretation of Tang Poetry")

Lu Shiyong: I have a subtle feeling. I often see this strangeness with an unresolved feeling. (Tang Shi Ming Jing)

Zhong Xing: To put it mildly, it makes people sad and sad, so I can't read it, and I'm not tired of reading it. There is another cloud: the word "moonlight on the spring river" is refined into a strange light, which cannot be separated or combined. Is a real craftsman. (Return of Tang Poetry)

Tan: It's a moonlit night on the spring river, and every word writes about feelings, thoughts and reasons. (Return of Tang Poetry)

Li Panlong: The more euphemistic and implicit words are, the more interesting they are. (Selected Tang Poems)

Zhou Wei: On the topic, bamboo shoots are sewn together, and they are all called Thai baht. Huang Jiading said: the five colors are divided into light to synthesize a wonderful brocade. It's not a hand patch, but there are traces. Wang Daokun said that "white clouds are blossoming", which was not written by Xu Re, so he had a strange idea. ("General Comment on the Forest of Tang Poetry Pulse Selection Meeting")

Wang Fuzhi: Every sentence is renovated and inextricably linked to move the spleen of ancient and modern people and make them feel stupid. Its natural uniqueness lies in its accumulation, which makes those who have shallow speech patterns keep silent when singing. (Selected Poems of Tang Dynasty)

Mao: I don't know what I'm doing, but I can't get it out of my head. I'm obsessed with it. It is unpredictable, almost a chemical pen! ("Poetry Debate")

Wu Qiao: Moonlit Night on the Spring River is about "I wonder how many people will return to the moon". ("Poetry around the Furnace")

Song Changbai: In the Tang Dynasty, there was a theme of "Moonlit Night on a Spring River", which was given by Zhang and Zhang. Xu Re has 252 words, only 30 words, and his short name is very wonderful. You can't add or subtract a word. After reading this, you can understand the method of writing clothes. (Liu Hua)

Qu: This article is a rhyme method. Every nine solutions: the first two solutions are the beginning, the last two solutions are the end, the beginning is gradually vomiting, the end is gradually ending, and the fifth solution is abdomen. Although his words are related or not, they mean related. As for the five words of the title, they are intertwined and interesting. The word "spring" is four, the word "river" is twelve, and the word "flower" is only two. The word "month" is fifteen and the word "night" is only two. In the "river", it is accompanied by sea, tide, wave, current, ting, sand, pu, tan, xiaoxiang and Jieshi, while in the "moon", it is composed of sky, sky, graupel, frost, clouds, buildings, dressing tables, curtains, anvil, fish and geese. From generation to generation, there are two kinds of people who have been watching the moon endlessly, the boat wanderer and the people upstairs, to describe the situation at that time. There is a moon upstairs and a boat on the river, which is just right. What these two kinds of people care about most is the moonlit night by the river. Therefore, we all know different things, and each one is gorgeous, weird and unpredictable, which is really strange. ("Ancient Tang Poetry Combination")

Xu Zeng: The first eight sentences are hot, and the eight sentences here are cold. However, it is not hot if it is not cold. This talented person must know the ups and downs of his writing. I dreamed of falling flowers last night. The last eight sentences are knots, and the first eight sentences are liters. Use the birth method to spit out spring, Shen, flowers and the moon word by word; Use the elimination method to sort spring, river, flower and month word by word. This sentence is not connected with the top, which means rolling down from the top. This poem is like an interlocking skeleton chain, continuous, so that readers can shoot directly or obliquely, and there is nowhere to find its end. The word "moonlight on the spring river" takes care of each other. Poetry is really brilliant, really brilliant. ("Er An Shuo Tang Poetry")

Shen Deqian: In the first half, people have changed, but the moon is still there. Jiangyue doesn't have to treat people, but Jiangyue is endless. The second half is about my wife's disappointment, full of twists and turns. The five characters in the title are natural and still the body of Wang, Yang, Lu and Luo. (Tang Poetry)

Master Fan: The level is flexible, such as peeling the heart, and you can't feel the repetition of words. ("Poems of Past Dynasties")

Wang Kaiyun: The entrance to the Chunjiang River is wide and deep. From flowers to the moon to the river, the artistic conception is quiet and melodious. (Wang Kaiyun's Selected Poems of Tang Dynasty)

Chen Zhaokui: A Moonlit Night on the Spring River was written by Xiao and Yang, but all of them are short stories and improvisations. To Xu Ruo, to Long song, without hurting the fiber, the bureau is elegant. The previous picture just changed a word. Since the "carefree dream" is broken, it is leisurely. Wang Wei's Taoyuan Star seems to have originated from that time. ("Wang Zhi on the Origin of Tang Poetry")

Wen Yiduo: There are poems in poems, and there are peaks on the peaks. (Redemption of Palace Poetry)

The influence of later generations

The poem "Moonlit Night on a Spring River" summarizes the experience of predecessors in conception and material selection, and inscribed the voices of many people in the world with the old saying Yuefu. At the same time, it has a high aesthetic value, which has been told by later generations and attracted countless readers for thousands of years. It is a banner that changed from the elegant style of Qi and Liang Dynasties to the natural beauty in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, and it is also an important milestone in the history of ancient poetry in China. Its content and form are mostly used for reference by later poets.

This poem does not focus on shaping mountains and rivers like landscape poems in the Southern Dynasties, nor is it as boring as metaphysical poems, nor is it a love poem that simply expresses the feelings of children's parting, but it combines various poetic and picturesque meanings. Its birth filled the gap in the history of China ancient poetry, in which the moon was the central medium, and the lovesickness between men and women was written at the same time, and the universe and life philosophy were discussed in the same poem. This poem has played an inestimable role in the poetic situation in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, both in the refinement of the theme and the treatment of the theme, and has an important enlightening effect on the poetic creation of later generations.

Many famous sentences in this poem were quoted or adopted by later poets. For example, Cui Hao's "Yellow Crane will no longer come to the world, and white clouds will never fly without him" is likely to be the transformation of "White clouds go long and green maple is too sad"; Zhang Jiuling's "Moon, now full of crossing the sea, at this time the end of the world * *" may be based on "Chunjiang tide even the sea level, the sea bright moon * * tide"; When will Li Bai's Blue Sky and Bright Moon come? I want to stop and ask ",Su Shi's When is the bright moon? Asking for wine from heaven means "Who saw the moon by the river"? "When did Jiang Yue take the photo at the beginning of the year?" Traces of.

In terms of artistic conception and structure, the river antenna, bright moon, white clouds and swaying flowers, graceful figures, solitary moon building, and the contrast of their shapes constitute the melody of lines, which endows this poem with the beauty of painting. Based on the silence of the night, the author skillfully weaves the imaginary sound of the sea tide, the sound of the river, the sound of smashing clothes, the desolate cry of wild geese and the sigh of wandering women into the melody of sound, giving this poem a musical aesthetic feeling. These aesthetic feelings of this poem have an important direct influence on the "three beauties" of poetry put forward by Wen Yiduo, a modern crescent poet (namely, the beauty of painting, music and architecture).

Brief introduction of the author

Zhang (about 660-720) was a poet in the Tang Dynasty. Yangzhou (now Jiangsu) people. Former Yanzhou soldier Cao. The year of birth and death and the font size are unknown. His deeds can be found in He Zhuan, an old Tang book. During the reign of Emperor Zhong of the Dragon (705 ~ 707), He, He Chao, Wan Qirong, Xing Ju and Rong Rong were all famous for their beautiful words in Kyoto, and they were called "Four Scholars of Wuzhong" together with He, Zhang Xu and Rong. Xuanzong kaiyuan was in fashion. There are only two of Zhang's poems in the whole Tang Dynasty. Among them, A Moonlit Night on the Spring River is a well-known masterpiece, which follows the ancient theme of Sui Chen Yuefu and expresses sincere and moving feelings of parting and philosophical life perception. The language is fresh and beautiful, and the rhythm is melodious, which washes away the thick powder of palace poems and gives people a feeling of clearness, emptiness and beauty.