Canine parvovirus disease is an acute infectious disease in dogs. Clinically, hemorrhagic enteritis or non-suppurative myositis is the main feature of sick dogs. Sometimes the infection rate can be as high as 100%, and the mortality rate is 10% ~ 50%. The virus was first isolated from Changchun in 1982, which confirmed that the disease also existed in China. Parvovirus in dogs, cats and minks has certain antigen correlation.
Sick dogs are the main source of infection of the disease, and the toxic content in feces, urine, vomit and saliva of sick dogs is the highest. Sick dogs constantly detoxify and infect other healthy dogs. The feces of rehabilitation dogs are poisonous for a long time, so it is extremely difficult to completely remove them once the dogs get sick. Besides dogs, wolves, foxes and raccoons can also be naturally infected. The disease is mainly infected by direct or indirect contact.
Canine parvovirus has strong resistance to external factors, and can survive 1 hour at 60℃, but it is still contagious in slightly acidic and alkaline environments. Viruses on feces and solid pollutants can survive for months to years. In low temperature environment, its infectivity can last for a long time. 0.5% formalin, 0.5% peracetic acid and 5% ~ 6% sodium hypochlorite can be used as disinfectants for virus.
Diagnostic points
Epidemic characteristics (1) The epidemic of this disease has no obvious seasonality, and it is more common in cold winter. Myocarditis syndrome is the main symptom of newly weaned puppies, and enteritis syndrome is the main symptom of puppies.
(2) Clinical Features This disease mainly appears in two forms in clinic, namely enteritis type and myocarditis type.
① The incubation period of enteritis is 7 ~ 14 days, usually vomiting first and then diarrhea, and the feces are yellow or grayish yellow, containing a lot of mucus and mucosa. Two to three days after illness, the feces are tomato juice-like, mixed with bloodshot and have a special fishy smell. The sick dog soon showed signs of dehydration. At this time, the sick dog was depressed, lost appetite, his body temperature rose above 40℃, and his thirst was aggravated. In some sick dogs, the body temperature is lower than normal temperature in the later stage, and the mucosa is pale, and the tail and hind abdomen are often polluted by feces. In severe cases, the anus is relaxed and open.
② Myocarditis puppies have dyspnea, hyperactivity palpitation, pale and visible mucosa, physical exhaustion and frequent sudden death.
According to the above epidemic characteristics and clinical symptoms, a preliminary diagnosis can usually be made. Clinically, we should pay attention to whether the sick dog has vomiting and diarrhea. If further diagnosis is needed, the diarrhea fluid of sick dogs should be mixed with 0.5% red blood cell suspension at 4℃ in proportion to observe its agglutination effect on red blood cells. When necessary, stool samples can also be sent to the inspection unit for electron microscope examination for diagnosis.
Preventive and control measures
First, immunization should be done in peacetime. Domestic inactivated canine parvovirus vaccine is used in combination with other vaccines. Meng Meng? Hey? What about insurance? Dogs aged 0 ~ 90 days were injected 3 times, and dogs aged over 90 days were injected 2 times with an interval of 2 ~ 4 weeks. Every injection 1 dose (2 ml), and then strengthen immunization 1 time every six months. However, maternal antibodies in puppies will affect the immune effect of the vaccine. The canine pentavaccine developed by the People's Liberation Army Agriculture and Animal Husbandry University, in which parvovirus is isolated from raccoon dogs, has strong resistance to maternal antibodies in puppies, and there is no immune interference. Therefore, immunization can be carried out according to the immunization program of canine distemper.
Second, after the outbreak of the disease, dogs should be isolated in time, and the kennel and feeding utensils should be disinfected repeatedly with 2% ~ 4% caustic soda, 1% formalin, 0.5% peracetic acid or 5% ~ 6% sodium hypochlorite. Dogs that are impossible to be cured should be culled as soon as possible and deeply burned.
First, the treatment of sick dogs. Dogs with myocarditis have a rapid course of disease and often die before treatment. If dogs with enteritis can get timely and reasonable treatment, the mortality rate can be significantly reduced. At the early stage of the disease, the cure rate can be improved by using hyperimmune serum and taking measures such as cardiotonic, fluid replacement, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-shock and strengthening nursing.
Early use of (1) immune serum can improve the curative effect. Once the dog is diagnosed with the disease, high immune serum or rehabilitation dog serum should be applied to other sick dogs immediately. The dose of high immune serum was 0.5 ~ 1 ml/kg body weight, and the serum of rehabilitation dogs was 0.5 ~ 2 ml/kg body weight for 3 ~ 5 days. Hey? Hey? Hey? Me? The pen is awkward? What business?
(2) dogs who are rehydrated often die of dehydration, so rehydration is the main measure to treat this disease. According to the degree of dehydration and the general situation of dogs, the ingredients to be added and the amount of rehydration should be decided. General intravenous rehydration is 60 ml/kg body weight.
① intravenous fluid infusion: 5 ~ 40ml of 25% glucose solution, 5 ~ 20ml of vitamin C 2 ~ 10ml, 5 ~ 20ml of energy mixture, slow intravenous infusion 1 time, 1 ~ 2 times, daily 1 time. We should strictly control the infusion volume and infusion speed and pay attention to the function of the heart, otherwise it will easily lead to treatment failure. When sick dogs have severe vomiting and diarrhea, dehydration, electrolyte disorder and acid-base balance need to be corrected. Ringer's lactate solution 50 ~ 500ml, 25% glucose solution 5 ~ 40ml, anisodamine hydrochloride injection 0.3 ~ 1ml, twice a day, can be injected intravenously.
② Oral rehydration method When the sick dog does not eat, his heart rate increases, he has no vomiting, he has an appetite or is thirsty, he can be given oral rehydration salts: sodium chloride 3.5g, sodium bicarbonate 2.5g, potassium chloride 1.5g, glucose 20g and water 1000ml. Free drinks or deep enema for any dog.
(3) peritoneal fluid replacement. If intravenous infusion is difficult in sick dogs, peritoneal fluid replacement is feasible, and the dose is 70 ml/kg body weight.
(3) Various broad-spectrum antibiotics can be used for antibacterial and anti-inflammatory, but they should not be used for a long time, so as to prevent the imbalance of normal intestinal flora and delay the recovery of intestinal digestive function. Kangduling freeze-dried powder and antitoxin 1 injection (produced by Heilongjiang First Veterinary Drug Factory) have good curative effects on this disease. Generally, dogs below 15 kg are intravenously infused with freeze-dried powder 1 ampoule/day, and dogs above 15 kg are intravenously infused with 2 ampoules/day. Meanwhile, the injection number. 1 applied to 10 ~ 30ml/ day. Zhili Yipin Ling (Zeng Xiao Xie Li Ning Tablet) is a broad-spectrum antibacterial and antiviral preparation which is made of effective components extracted from various traditional Chinese medicines and combined with Chinese and western medicines, and has a good curative effect on this disease. Usage and dosage: dogs weighing 2 ~ 4kg should take 1 ~ 2 tablets/time, and dogs weighing 5 ~ 10kg should take 2 ~ 4 tablets 1 ~ 2 times a day. For diarrhea caused by virus, the dose is doubled.
(4) For patients with severe vomiting, 0.3 ~ 2 ml of Amal and Metulline (metoclopramide) can be injected intramuscularly.
(5) Patients with obvious anti-shock symptoms can be injected with dexamethasone (dexamethasone) 5 ~ 15 mg or anisodamine hydrochloride injection 0.3 ~ 1 ml.
(6) Strengthen nursing and keep sick dogs warm. During diarrhea, stop feeding high-protein and high-fat feed such as milk, eggs and meat, and give digestible feed to reduce gastrointestinal burden and improve the cure rate.
I wish your dog an early health! ! !