Prebiotics can promote the growth and reproduction of intestinal beneficial bacteria in the body, form microecological competitive advantage, optimize intestinal microecological balance, and then improve immunity to maintain the health of the body. Meanwhile, it can improve intestinal microecology.

The structures of probiotics, such as peptidoglycan and lipoteichoic acid, can be used as antigens to directly activate immunity, or can stimulate the host immune system through autocrine immune activators, thus improving the immunity of animals, enhancing the activities of innate immune cells and natural killer cells, activating dendritic cells, stimulating the body to produce cytokines and stimulating B cells to secrete antibodies. Probiotics can stimulate the intestinal tract to produce secretory globulin A(SIgA) and protect health.

Extended data

According to the definition, prebiotics should be able to stimulate the growth of a limited number of bacteria, thus changing the balance of microbial communities in the large intestine. Batch static culture of human bacteria shows that fructooligosaccharides (FOS), galactooligosaccharides (GOS), xylooligosaccharides (XOS), isomaltooligosaccharides (IMO) and lactulose can change the flora, increase bifidobacteria and/or lactic acid bacteria, and reduce clostridium and bacteroides.

Three kinds of oligosaccharides that can be fully supplied in Europe are effective, namely fructooligosaccharides (including inulin), trans-GOS and lactulose. The prebiotic effects of fructooligosaccharides and lactulose have been proved at the molecular level in human experiments. Adding fructooligosaccharides to biscuits and other foods, calculated at 8g per day, also shows great efficacy.

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