Important works: on sound without sorrow and joy, on health preservation, on solving private problems.

Core idea:

1, naturalism: "The more famous religion, the more natural it is."

In view of the tools used by Sima's group to usurp power, this paper pointedly points out that Confucian classics advocate propriety, justice and fame, and Sima's advocacy of "ruling the world with filial piety" is itself the root of all kinds of evil phenomena in society, such as binding human nature, violating nature and even hypocrisy and fraud. Therefore, we should not be fettered by the cult of fame, but should seek spiritual freedom, that is, to be famous and let nature take its course.

2, the theory of sound without sorrow and music: sound and human feelings are two different things.

Think that voice and human feelings are two different things. Music is just an objective tone, which does not contain feelings of sadness and joy. Sadness and joy come from people's hearts and are completely subjective.

3, Ming Dan theory: the spirit of Tao, all beings are extraordinary.

Everything is natural vitality. The good and evil of human nature and talent are determined by the temperament of talent, so talent is weak. The talent is completely different.

Important achievements and impacts:

Representative: Ruan Ji

Important works: On Yi Tong, On Children and the Old, On Dazhuang.

Core idea:

1, naturalism: "the compromise between naturalism and nature"

Ruan Ji opposed hypocritical Confucianism and advocated nature, and showed a negative and uncooperative attitude towards Sima's usurpation. Ruan Ji despised the famous religion as much as Ji Kang, but he didn't really advocate abandoning the famous religion, but wanted to maintain the true famous religion in his heart. He admired nature, but he didn't want to give up the famous religion completely, showing the compromise thought of harmony between famous religion and nature.

Important achievements and impacts:

Ruan Ji's thoughts have been published in monographs, such as From Confucianism to Old Age and Zhuang Nationality. He can digest Zhuangzi's thoughts and successfully apply them to the real world. He has a thorough understanding of his time and position, so that he can enjoy a good reputation without being tired of it.