China sports culture and China traditional culture develop simultaneously. The ancient sports in China have distinctive oriental cultural characteristics in form and technology, showing the wisdom, rich imagination and creative spirit of our ancestors. The rich and colorful sports culture in China is an important pillar to support the splendid hall of world sports culture. Sports events transformed from production practice and combat skills fully embody the sports spirit of China ancient sports, which focuses on physical fitness and entertainment. Although some events disappeared after the change of dynasties, they had a far-reaching impact on many sports events in China and even the world.
The word "sports" did not exist in China's ancient vocabulary. This word was introduced from Japan in the19th century. However, this does not mean that there was no physical education in ancient China, but no physical education in the modern sense. Modern sports is the product of the times. In ancient China, the contents of sports activities were reflected in documents and cultural relics, including related sports activities that originated and developed from ancient human labor. When these sports activities were independent from the productive labor of ancient human beings and existed as a cultural form, they were endowed with the effects and functions of games, competitions, fitness and education.
China ancient sports can be summarized into five aspects: The first part is a series of activities transformed from production practice and military combat skills. Including archery, "track and field" sports, as well as water and ice and snow sports. The second part, Wushu, Wushu and health activities have the characteristics of aggression and health care; The third aspect, ball games with entertainment characteristics-cuju, polo and pounding pills; The fourth aspect, in the Spring and Autumn Period has been quite popular, with educational characteristics of board games; The last aspect is folk customs and folk sports with regional and folk seasonal characteristics, including dragon boat races and other sports activities with folk characteristics.
When most parts of the world are still in a state of chaos and ignorance, the oriental sports culture in China, represented by the Chinese nation, has gradually transformed into a civilized society since around 5000 BC, and gradually formed its own personality in its development. At this time, the ancient western sports represented by Europe and the Mediterranean Sea have just started. After the development from the eighth century to the fifth century BC, western sports gradually took shape. Therefore, in the early days, oriental sports played a major role, which played a great role in the development of world sports. As a typical representative of the East, China ancient sports, in the long history of the Chinese nation, although some sports disappeared after being popular for a period of time, some survived with the enhancement of vitality.
full text
Hello, everyone. Today's topic is ancient sports in China. Everyone is a little strange to ancient sports in China, because we are usually exposed to modern sports. However, with the success of Beijing's bid to host the 2008 Olympic Games, as an important part of the People's Olympics, China's ancient traditional sports are often seen in the media, so everyone knows something about it. In terms of time, the ancient sports in China I am talking about here refers to the time from the appearance of sports activities to the introduction of modern western sports into China at the end of the eighteenth century; In terms of content, it refers to the traditional form of sports activities that emerged and developed in the ancient history of China. It includes not only the traditional sports forms of the Chinese nation, but also the traditional sports forms of ethnic minorities and other countries introduced into China in history and developed in the process of ethnic exchanges.
As we all know, there is no word "sports" in China's ancient vocabulary. This word was introduced from Japan in the19th century. However, this does not mean that there was no physical education in ancient China, but no physical education in the modern sense. Modern sports is the product of the times. In ancient China, the contents of sports activities were reflected in documents and cultural relics, including related sports activities that originated and developed from ancient human labor. When these sports activities were independent from the productive labor of ancient human beings and existed as a cultural form, they were endowed with the effects and functions of games, competitions, fitness and education.
Now everyone present here, when it comes to sports, will think of the scene of athletes competing on the field, because this is the concept that modern media is trying to instill in everyone. In fact, ancient sports in China mainly refers to those forms of entertainment with competitive characteristics, and of course, it also includes some people's self-training in order to enhance their physique and skills. What needs special attention is that although some forms of ancient sports in China are similar to modern sports, including some popular sports forms, this does not mean that we have made the ancient sports clear by overlapping some similar forms of ancient sports with modern sports. In fact, due to the differences in cultural backgrounds, Chinese and western sports still have different purposes, each with its positive and negative aspects. As far as competition is concerned, western sports emphasize competitiveness; China ancient sports emphasized entertainment. As can be seen from the pictures, one is the race map of the ancient Olympic Games, and the other is the health map of ancient China. These pictures typically reveal the differences between Chinese and western sports cultures.
Indeed, on the other hand, because ancient sports in China did not pay much attention to competition, they did not even deliberately pursue physique and physical strength that exceeded the natural norm and surprised others. It also has every reason to refuse to judge people's health level only by some artificial quantitative indicators, especially when one part of people's body is overdeveloped to the detriment of the healthy growth of another part. What's more, it is precisely because ancient sports in China pay attention to their own personal experience and don't need others to judge. No matter whether a man is old or young, strong or weak, he can do it himself. From this perspective, ancient sports in China are closer to the real sportsmanship. Of course, I'm not saying this to distinguish different sports systems. What I emphasize is a view of understanding, because with this view, we can have a personal understanding of a self-contained traditional sports culture. From this point of view, I will introduce China ancient sports to you from five aspects.
The first part is a series of activities transformed from production practice and military combat skills. This includes archery, "track and field" sports, as well as water and snow sports. Archery is the originator of ancient sports in China. According to archaeological discoveries, it appeared more than 28,000 years ago. Archaeologists once found a stone arrow 28,000 years ago at the Zhiyu cultural site in Shanxi, indicating that people were already using bows and arrows at that time. This arrow was made of stone and tied to a wooden pole as an archery tool at that time. In Shang and Zhou Dynasties, with the appearance of bronze tools, stone arrows began to develop into bronze arrows. In the Han Dynasty, with the development of iron, bronze arrowheads gradually developed into iron arrowheads. With the diversification of arrows, many changes have taken place in the form of archery. For example, in the Zhou Dynasty, archery was included in one of the contents of education at that time. At that time, politeness, music, shooting, imperial, calligraphy and mathematics were six arts, of which shooting was a very important content. At that time, archery was a kind of etiquette, and archery required drinking and playing music. This can be said to be the earliest archery competition in the ancient history of China. At that time, Confucius, Xunzi and Mozi were all archery enthusiasts. They practiced and encouraged students to shoot arrows. During the Warring States Period, King Wuling of Zhao advocated "riding and shooting by Khufu", introduced the archery skills of ethnic minorities into the mainland, and combined them with traditional archery in the mainland, pushing archery to a climax. By the Han Dynasty, archery had made great progress in practice and further summarized in theory. There are only eight shooting methods recorded in Hanshu Yiwenzhi, including General Li's shooting method and Wei's shooting method. During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, there was a professional archery competition. According to the Biography of the King of Wei Changshan, Emperor Xiaowu of the Northern Wei Dynasty held an archery competition in Hualin Garden, Luoyang. He hung a glass with a capacity of two liters outside the hundred paces, so that athletes of 19 could shoot in competition. Finally, whoever shoots the glass will take it away.