1, the annual growth cycle means that with the annual climate change, the growth and development of plants show morphological and physiological changes that adapt to external environmental factors, and show certain regularity. In a year's growth cycle, the morphological change period of plant organs adapting to seasonal climate change is called phenology;

2. Growth period refers to the period when all parts of plants show obvious morphological characteristics and physiological functions. Deciduous trees germinate in spring and shed their leaves in autumn. Comprises germination, vegetative growth, flowering and fruit setting, fruit development and maturity, flower bud differentiation and defoliation;

3. Dormancy refers to the period when the life activities of buds, seeds or other organs of plants are weak and the growth and development performance are stagnant. The dormant organs of plants are mainly seeds and buds. Such as apples, peaches, chestnuts and peonies. It is necessary to stratify at low temperature to reduce the substances in seed coat and endosperm that inhibit germination before germination. Dormancy of buds includes dormancy of deciduous trees during overwintering, and dormancy of bulbs and tubers of garlic and potatoes.