A saint cares more about the world than life. Husband's eyes, ears, nose and mouth are also the battlefields of life. Although ears long for sound, eyes long for color, nose long for fragrance and mouth long for taste, it will stop if it is harmful to life. Among the four officials, what is unwanted and beneficial to the living will be done. From this perspective, eyes, ears, nose and mouth must be bad at doing things, but must be controlled. If you are an official, you must not be good at it, but you must abide by discipline. This is your life skill.
Yao gave the world to Zizhou's father, and Zizhou's father said to him, "It's ok to give me the day. Although I am suitable for sad diseases, I will cure them. I have no leisure in the world. " In the world, heavy things are not harmful to one's life, and they are worse than other things. But you can support the world without being harmed by the world.
Yue III killed his king, and the prince searched him and fled to Dandian. There is no king in the state of Yue, so I beg you to search, but I can't, so I will follow Dan's point. The prince can't find it. The more people learn from it, the more they learn from it and the more they learn from it. The prince asked someone to help him get on the bus, looked up at the sky and shouted, "How dare you! Can you leave me alone? " You seek evil for you, and evil for you. Nakoji searchers, so to speak, don't be hurt by the country. This is more practical than others want, and it is also true for you.
The smell of Yan He enlightened people in lujun also made people notice money first. Yan He kept Lu and Lu Bu's clothes and supported himself. The angel of Lu Jun arrived, and Yan He was right. The messenger said, "Is this Yan He's family?" Yan He said to him, "This home is closed, too." When the messenger gave money, he said to him, "I'm afraid I will listen to Miao and make the messenger guilty, but I won't judge him." The messenger also questioned that if he came back, he would have to take it. Therefore, if you close your face, you are not evil and rich, but reborn as evil. Most people in the world are arrogant and don't know each other. Aren't you sad?
Therefore: the truth of the Tao is to hold the body; In his spare time, he thinks that the country; Its clogs rule the world. From this point of view, the work of emperors and the leisure of saints are not the only way to keep fit. Today's secular gentleman, risking his life to favor things, he also ridiculed? Does he and Xi eat this, too?
Every saint's behavior must be examined for its reasons and behaviors. Some people are here today, so when they play with Hou, the whole world will laugh. What is this? What is used is heavy, and what is needed is light. Fu Sheng, why don't you talk to Hou Zhu?
Zi Huazi said, "Where life is the best, life is the second, death is the second, and forced life is the next." Therefore, the so-called respect for life, the whole life is called; The so-called life, six desires are suitable. The so-called loser, six desires get his share. For those who respect life, the loss of life is negligible. Even people who have suffered a big loss have great respect. The so-called death, there is nothing to know, and it is not born. The so-called forced life, six desires do not match, each has its own evil. Clothing is also, humiliation is also, humiliation is greater than right, so it is not forced to live. Moreover, forcing life is not only unjust, so forcing life to die is said. What if I know? Don't be ignorant when you hear what you hate; See what is evil, if you can't see it. Therefore, thunder covers his ears and electricity covers his eyes, which is more than that. Anyone who wants six things knows their evils and will not be exempted unless he knows everything. People who know nothing are called dead, so they are forced to live a life without death. Carnivores are not rotten mice; Alcoholics are not defeated by alcohol; People who respect life are not forced to live.
[Note] Servant: Servant. It means serving others. In: check. Be good at doing: be good at doing. Zizhou magistrate: the legendary ancient hermit. Quiet: hide. In: take care of. Heavy things: big things. Wang Zisou: The King of Yue is dead. Before his death, Shoushou, Zhu Zhu and Yu Yu were killed. Dan Xue: A cave. Wang Yu: Wang's special car. Spike: Spike, the rope used to hold hands when getting on the bus. Yan He: During the Warring States Period, Lu was a hermit. He resigned from his official position. Coin-in first: bring the rental goods into the venue and deliver the rental goods. Money, money, goods, here refers to the things employed. Doorman: Doorman. Lu, the inner door. Twenty-five families in the weekly system are the inner doors, and the inner door is called Lu. Deer cloth: coarse cloth. Rice: Hello. Miao: Pass on "Miao". Legacy: Give. Trial: review and verification. Pride: pampered and arrogant. Truth: essence. Yu Xu: The end of the silk refers to a tiny thing. Tu Hong (zh m 4): Tu Hong means "slag". Dirt, dirt, dirt, refers to insignificant things. The rest: one last thing, mind your own business. Parting: preach "martyrdom" and follow. And: Will. One: Go. Suihouzhu: referred to as Suizhu, an ancient pearl, refers to a heavy treasure. Zi Huazi: an ancient Taoist figure. Whole life: refers to the completely natural development and growth of life. Lost life: refers to not following the growth of life, losing the natural growth of life and being incomplete. Death: refers to dying for justice. Forced to live: forced to beg for a living. Minute: half a minute. Noble person: refers to life. Michelle Obama: More. W: Give in. Shame: shame. B: Almost. Bad wine: Bad-smelling wine.
(Zhang Jing)
?
Appreciation: this article records the thoughts of the pre-Qin school, together with the articles such as "the first self", "vain action", "knowing degree" and "understanding" in Lv's Spring and Autumn Annals. The article Guisheng focuses on the value and significance of individual life, and holds that individual life and personal dignity are higher than all human values in a complete sense, which reflects the individualism and humanism tendency in Taoist philosophy in the pre-Qin period.
First of all, the article uses interesting ancient legends to illustrate that the value of personal life is above all else: Zizhou's adoptive father rejected Yao's abdication proposal on the grounds of good health; In order to avoid danger to his life, the prince searched and fled to the cave, not the king of Yue. Yan He does not envy wealth. In order to maintain the carefree lifestyle he likes, he would rather live a poor life, avoid the emissary of lujun and not be employed by lujun. The article has repeatedly stated that the power to govern the world or a country is indeed very important, and wealth is also worth pursuing. But for enlightened people, once they endanger individual life and hinder the realization of life value, they are nothing, so they disdain it. The author tells such a story for a purpose. He considers that it is the most enviable and eager thing for secular people to sit in the world, govern the country and be a big official to gain wealth, and in these stories, the awakened person's love for life far exceeds his love for the country. In this way, the author explains very powerfully that nothing in the world is more important than maintaining the value of individual life.
This paper is not satisfied with expressing ideas with vivid stories. From the philosophical point of view, it is proposed that maintaining and improving the value of individual life is the fundamental goal of all truths, emphasizing "protecting the body" as the foundation and governing the country and leveling the world as the purpose; "Keeping fit" is the fundamental purpose of life and all human activities, and other human undertakings, such as imperial industry, should be subject to it. This theory is a powerful ideological weapon for the Huazi School and even the whole Taoism to deny utilitarianism and autocratic politics and advocate humanitarianism. Ancient politics was always associated with rulers' bloody killing each other, cruel killing of their own people and others. This paper reveals the anti-human nature of real politics with the phrase "the merit of emperors, the leisure of saints, and the way of non-health preservation" Although Guisheng's concept of benevolence is quite different from that of Confucianism, it opened the fine tradition of ancient humanism in China from different aspects.
The "attaching importance to life" and "respecting life" in the article are not based on satisfying sensory desires. From the very beginning, it distinguished people's sensory desires from life itself, and clearly put forward that eyes, ears, nose and mouth serve life. Sensory desires are satisfied if they are beneficial to the living, and stopped if they are harmful to the living, and must not be overindulged. The article advocates "attaching importance to life" instead of advocating the philosophy of existence, that is, abandoning principles and personal dignity. The fundamental spirit of the article is actually to use the concept of "whole life" to oppose "forced life".
The author advocates "attaching importance to life" and "respecting life" in the sense of "whole life". The intention that runs through the whole article is "all life is the best, followed by death, followed by death and forced life". The article puts forward that the so-called "whole life" means "all six desires are suitable". Six desires refer to the desires of life, death, ears, eyes, mouth and nose, including human sensory desires and spiritual pursuits. Only in these two aspects can individuals be properly satisfied and meet their own requirements for a dignified life, which is the criterion of "righteousness" of China School, and this can be said to be a "full life". The article divides people's living conditions into four categories. The main intention is to emphasize that "forcing death" is the lowest and most unacceptable way of living, which is not only lower than "full life", but also lower than "lack life" and even worse than death. The so-called "forcing life" means that all six desires are out of date, hated by themselves, but have to accept them. They can only succumb to internal and external pressures, live in humiliation, can't live, and beg for death. Death can also make people never see or hear what they hate most. "Forced life" can't even do this, so it is the most painful life. The article's incisive description of "forced life" reflects the extreme disgust of the Huazi school for the real political life that seriously destroys, distorts and alienates human nature, and its eager expectation for a dignified and free life.
Your life does not advocate hedonism, asceticism and asceticism, but requires a complete grasp of the meaning of life and an all-round promotion and realization of personal life value. This is a very valuable thought in ancient times, even for modern people.